An Urban Event? Reformation in the Cities

Bibliography
Comparative Overview of Reformation Theologies
Maps: Imperial Cities and Reformation, 1520-1529, 1530-1554, 1555-1599, 1600-1650

I. Structures of Urban Life
A. The Empire: A Landscape of Cities
1) Two main socio-economic types: large commercial cities and middle-sized, manufacturing towns
2) Two main political categories: "territorial" cities and "imperial free" cities 
B. Structures and Tensions: Patricians, Artisans, and Outsiders

Map: The Holy Roman Empie (1618)
Image: Frankfurt (1572)
Image: Strasbourg (1572)
Image: Strasbourg (1644)
Image: Nuremberg (1493)
Image: Jakob Fugger (1459-1525), by Albrecht Dürer
Image: The Paumgartner Altarpiece (c. 1500) by Albrecht Dürer

II. What Was So Special About Cities?
A. Size and Density, Cohesion and Complexity
B. The City as “Sacral Community”

III. The Social Politics of Urban Reformations
A. Reformation by Coup d'Etat
B. Internal Pressure for Reform “From Below”: The Guilds
C. Internal Pressure for Reform “From Above”: The Magistrates

Chart: Analysis of Carnival Incidents in the Urban Reformation

IV. The Phases of Urban Reformation
A. Preaching, Disputation, and the Abolition of Priestly Power
B. Iconoclasm and the Reform of Traditional Worship
C. Reform of Doctrine and Liturgy
D. Rebuilding Church Organization
E. Poor Relief, Education, and Marriage Courts

Text: Chronology of the Urban Reformation

Image upper right: Civitatis Augustana olim Vindelica, hodie Rhetica, toto orbe terrarum notissima (Augsburg) from Sebastian Münster, Cosmographia Universalis (Basel: H. Petri, 1550). Image source: Historic Cities. Image right: Hans Asper, Huldrych Zwingli (c. 1531). Winterthur Museum of Art. Image source: Wikimedia Commons.

Identifications:
Cities that rejected Reform: Bamberg, Würzburg, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Rottweil, Cologne
Swiss Cantons that rejected Reform: Luzern, Fribourg, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug, Appenzell