Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey (BBTS)

Goldberg, LR. & Freyd, J.J. (2006). Self-reports of potentially traumatic experiences in an adult community sample: Gender differences and test-retest stabilities of the items in a Brief Betrayal-Trauma Survey. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 7(3), 39-63.

Freyd, J.J. & Goldberg, L.R. (2004) Gender difference in exposure to betrayal trauma. Presentation at the 20th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA, November 14-18, 2004.

Original 12-item BBTS with Original Response Options:

• BBTS as actually administered by Goldberg & Freyd (2006) — image file
• BBTS items in text version used by Goldberg & Freyd (2006) — text file
• Scoring: Suggested Categorization of items into High, Medium, and Low Betrayal

Other Versions of the BBTS in English

• BBTS-CC designed for a college campus climate survey
• BBTS with greater range of response options for reporting on event frequency
• BBTS-PR Parent Response Version of the 12-item BBTS
• BBTS-14 items in text version, administered in 2003 & reported in Goldberg & Freyd (2006) — text file
• BBTS-14 as actually administered in 2003 — Page 1gif image file, and Page 2 image file.
• BBTS-14 with 3 age categories, Hawaii sample, 2004 -- pdf file
• BBTS-14 with 2007 revised wording to be more consistent across items.

Translations of the BBTS

• Deutsche BBTS (DE-BBTS), Deutsche Version des Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey (DE-BBTS), Deutsche Übersetzung 2011-06-01 von Winja Marie Lutz
  • DE-BBTS html file
• Japanese BBTS (J-BBTS), Allard (2009)
  • J-BBTS -- Japanese BBTS (with English translation) pdf file
  • J-BBTS with follow up questions pdf file
  • Japanese translation citation: Allard, C. (2009) Prevalence and sequelae of betrayal trauma in a Japanese student sample, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 1, 65-77.
• Mandarin Chinese BBTS (MC-BBTS), Chiu et al (2009)
  • MC-BBTS pdf file
  • MC-BBTS jpg image file (2MB)
  • Mandarin Chinese translation citation: Chiu, C.-D., et al., Unintentional memory inhibition is weakened in non-clinical dissociators, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry (2009), doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.11.003
• Swedish BBTS (SE-BBTS), Svensk översättning 2010-02-24 av Anna Sarah Browne, Doris Nilsson och Rolf Holmqvist
  • SE-BBTS html file
• Urdu BBTS (U-BBTS), Translated by Mahnoor Fatima & Aasma Yousaf. Center for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore (54590). Pakistan. Emails: mhnratif@outlook.com aasma.ccpsy@pu.edu.pk
  • U-BBTS pdf file

Asking Permission, Scoring, Studies Using BBTS, Gender Findings

• Asking Permission to use the BBTS
• Scoring: Suggested Categorization of items into High, Medium, and Low Betrayal
• Some Studies that have included the BBTS
• Gender differences in reported rates of exposure to betrayal and non-betrayal events

Also see:

• Definition of Betrayal Trauma
• Eugene/Springfield sample used by Goldberg & Freyd- see http://ipip.ori.org/

Return to
Jennifer J. Freyd home page

Last update 10-Jul-2021 , jjf@uoregon.edu
Please note: Due to the large volume of correspondence I receive, I cannot answer most messages.
Copyright © 1995-2011 Jennifer J. Freyd.