*Videos demonstrating shoulder articulation and

  muscle's involved in action http://exrx.net/Articulations/Shoulder.html

 

*For review of skeletal features of shoulder when

referenceing origin and insertion see Shoulder Anatomy

 

 

 

 

Shoulder Musculature

 

Strenghtandscience.com "Train like a beast--Muscle specific hypertrophy workouts" July 12, 2007.

http://www.strengthandscience.com/december/article2.htm

 

 

Muscle Action Origin Insertion Innervation Image
Latissimus Dorsi

- Humeral Adduction

 

-Humeral Extension,

 

-Humeral Internal Rotation

 

-Depression

of the Scapula and

 

-Transverse Extension of the shoulder

-The posterior crest of the illium

 

-The sacrum, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

 

 - The lower three ribs.

Intertubercular (bicipital) groove

of the humerus

 6th, 7th and 8th cervical nerve through the thoracodorsal nerve.

 

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Latissimus Dorsi." July 11,2007.

http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/LatissimusDorsi.html
Levator Scapulae

- Humeral Abduction

 

-Elevation of the scapula

 

-Downward rotation of the scapula

 Transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. Medial border of the scapula. 3rd and 4th cerviacal nerves.

 

http://exrx.net/Muscles/LevatorScapulae.html
Rhomboid Major

-Humeral Adduction

 

-Downward rotation of the scapula

-Ligamentum nuchae

 

-7th cervical vertebrae and 1st thoracic vertebrae.

 Superior medial border of the scapula.  Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)  

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Rhomboids." July 11,2007.http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/Rhomboids.html
Rhomboid Minor

-Humeral

Adduction

 

-Downward rotation of the scapula

  -2nd - 5th thoracic vertebrae. Inferior medial border of the scapula. Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

 

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Rhomboids." July 11,2007.http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/Rhomboids.html
Teres Major

-Humeral Extension

 

-Humeral Internal rotation

 

-Adduction of the shoulder  

-Inferior angle of scapula

 

 

-Lower third of the axillary border of scapula                    

-Medial lip of bicipital groove     

Lower subscapular

(C5,C6,C7)

 

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle: Teres Major." July 11,2007.http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/TeresMajor.html
Serratus Anterior

-Humeral Abduction

 

-Upward rotation of the scapula

 

-Weak elevation of the scapula

  Upper 8 ribs.  Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula.

Long thoracic nerve of the brachial plexus.

(C5,C6,C7)

 

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle: Serratus Anterior." July 11,2007. http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/SerratusAnterior.html
Trapezius(Upper, Middle, and Lower)
          

 
Upper third -Elevation of the scapula

-Occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of the skull

 

-Ligamentum nuchae.

 Lateral thrd of the clavicle.

Accessory nerve

(CN XI)

 

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Trapezius (Upper Fibers)." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/TrapeziusUpper.html
Middle third

- Humeral Adduction

 

-Elevation of the scapula

 

-Upward rotation of the scapula

-7th cervical vertebrae

 

- 1-3rd thoracic vertebrae.

 Acromium process and  upper border of the spine of the scapula.

Accessory nerve

(CN XI)

 

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Trapezius (Middle Fibers)." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/TrapeziusMiddle.html
Lower third

-Upward rotation of the scapula

 

- Humeral Adduction

 

-Scapular Depression

 -4th -12th thoracic vertebrae of the spine. Base of the spine of the scapula.

Accessory nerve

(CN XI)

 

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Trapezius (Lower Fibers)." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/TrapeziusLower.html

Pectoralis Major

(Sternal and clavicular heads)

-Transverse flexion of the shoulder

 

-Transverse adduction

 

-Humeral Internal rotation

 

-Humeral

Adduction

 

-Humeral Extension

 

-Downward rotation of the scapula

 

-Depression of the scapula

 

-Humeral Abduction

-Clavicle

 

-Sternum

 

-2nd-6th ribs.

 Intertubercular groove of the humerus. Lateral and medial pectoral nerve, and 5,6,7,8th cervical nerve and 1st thoracic nerve.

    Sternal Heads                     Clavicular Heads

 

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory. Pectoralis (Sternal Head)." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/PectoralisSternal.html

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Pectoralis  (Clavicular Head)." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/PectoralisClavicular.html
Pectoralis Minor

-Humeral Abduction

 

-Downward rotation of the scapula (in abduction) 

 

-Depression of the scapula

 -Anterior surface of 3rd to 5th ribs. Caracoid process of the scapula.  Medial pectoral nerves (C8 and T1)

 

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Pectoralis Minor." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/PectoralisMinor.html
Supraspinatus

-Humeral Abduction


-Humeral External rotation

 

-Humeral head      stabalization

 -Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

-Lateral portion of the      greater tuberosity of the  humerus

 

-GH joint capsule

 

 Suprascapular nerve (C4,C5,C6)

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Supraspinatus." July 11,2007. http://exrx.net/Muscles/Supraspinatus.html
Deltoid (Anterior, Middle, and Posterior)          
Anterior third

-Flexion of the shoulder

 

-Humeral Abduction

 

-Horizontal adduction

 

-Internal rotation of the humerus

 -Lateral one third of clavicle Deltoid tuberosity

Axillary nerve

(C5,C6)

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Deltoid (Anterior)." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/DeltoidAnterior.html
Middle third

-Humeral Abduction

 

-Shoulder Flexion  

 -Acromion process Deltoid tuberosity

Axillary nerve

(C5,C6)

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory:Deltoid (Lateral)." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/DeltoidLateral.html
Posterior third

-Shoulder Extension

 

-Horizontal abduction

 

-Humeral External rotation  

 -Spine of scapula Deltoid tuberosity  

Axillary nerve

(C5,C6)

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Deltoid (Posterior)." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/DeltoidPosterior.html
 

 

 

Rotator Cuff Muscles of the Shoulder

 

                                                      

                                     Nlm.nih.gov. "Rotator Cuff Muscles." July 11, 2007.                                            

 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19622.htm

Highperformancesports.com  "Sports injuries and performance." July 12, 2007.

http://highperformancesports.blogspot.com/2006/02/rotator-cuff-injuries-and-s.html

 

 

 

Muscle Action Origin Insertion Innervation Image
Supraspinatus

-Humeral Abduction


-Humeral External rotation

 

-Humeral head      stabalization

 -Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

-Lateral portion of the      greater tuberosity of the  humerus

 

-GH joint capsule

 

 Suprascapular nerve (C4,C5,C6)

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Supraspinatus." July 11,2007. http://exrx.net/Muscles/Supraspinatus.html
Infrapinatus -External rotation
-Horizontal           abduction
-Humeral head      stabilization		 -Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

 -Lateral portion of the    greater tuberosity of the humerus

 

-GH joint capsule  

Suprascapular nerve

(C5,C6)

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Infraspinatus." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/Infraspinatus.html
Teres minor

-Humeral External rotation

 

-Horizontal abduction of the shoulder 

 -Lateral upper two thirds of axillary border of the scapula  Lateral aspect of the greater tuberosity

Axillary nerve 

(C5,C6)

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Teres Minor." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/TeresMinor.html
Subscapularis

-Humeral Internal rotation

 

-Humeral head stabalization

 -Subscapular fossa and axillary border of scapula

-Lesser tuberosity of humerus

 

-Ventral Portion of the GH capsule  

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

(C5,C6,C7)

ExRx.net "ExRx Excercise and Muscle Directory: Subscapularis." July 11,2007.

http://exrx.net/Muscles/Subscapularis.html

 

 

 

Additional References:

 

Moore, K.L. & Arthur Dalley. Clinically Oriented Anatomy (5th Edition). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2006. Pg. 752-5.

 

Wikipedia. "Major Muscles of the Should". July 11, 2007.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder#Major_muscles

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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  • Recent comments:
    lydia:I added links to wiki pages with further explanations or photos to show the structures that we may not remember, so you can get a better picture of where the muscles are originating and inserting.
    Dianna:I added with more specificity the bones involved in the movement of the action of a muscle, because the shoulder is complex and people could be confused between a scapular or humeral movement. I also reformatted the table so it all has the same font, boldness, corrected typing errors, etc.
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