Ape Hand

- Atrophy of thenar muscles from inhibition of the median nerve. Extensor muscles draw thumb parallel with fingers and the patient loses ability to flex or oppose the thumb.

Bishop's Deformity

-Atophy of the hypothenar, interossei, and medial two lumbricals from inhibition of the ulnar nerve. The posture of the finger is flexed PIP and DIP joints being more pronounced in the 4th and 5th digits.

Claw Hand

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/9196.jpg

-Extension of the MCP joint and flexion of the PIP and DIP joints from pathology of the ulnar and median nerve.

Dupuytern's Contracture

http://health.yahoo.com/media/healthwise/nr551532.jpg

-Flexion or contracture of MCP and PIP joints (usually affecting 4th and 5th digits) from a shortening or adhesion (or both) or the palmar fascia.

Swan-Neck Deformity

http://www.wwu.edu/depts/healthyliving/PE511info/arthritis/images/swanneck1.jpg

-Flexion of the MCP and DIP joints and hyperxtension of the PIP joint can be caused by several different pathologies:

• volar plate injuries
• malunion fractures of the middle phalanx
• trauma to finger flexor or extensor muscles
• rheumatoid arthritis

Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture

http://www.netterimages.com/images/vpv/000/000/002/2458-0550x0350.jpg

-Flexion contracture of wrist and fingers (claw fingers) from a decrease in blood supply to the forearm muscles. Can occur after a forearm fracture, fracture or dislocation of the elbow, or forearm compartment syndrome.

**Information for the Palpation section was derived from the following:

    - Chad Starkey and Jeff Ryan. Evaluation of Orthopedic and Athletic Injuries 2nd Edition. Page 531. Copyright 2002 F.A. Davis Company.

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