Demographic TABLE


Peoples and Populations
ETHNO-HISTORY

Maps of ethnic and language groups
Census
Peoples and Populations: a table
Population of the USSR by language groups
Bibliography

MAPS

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CENSUS

Nothing like a reliable census of those who lived in Russia was taken until 1897. All earlier figures are guesses, sometimes scientific, sometimes fanciful. By the end of the reign of Peter I, cadastral surveys allowed more reliable estimates.

W. H. Parker, Historical Geography of Russia (1968) accepted these estimates:

1200      7,500,000
1400     10,000,000
1600     12,000,000
1725     15,500,000

These estimates are based on population growth and decline, as well as territorial expansion and contraction.
The population of Russia in the time of Peter I was about 40% that of France.

Mironov,1:Table 1.1 measures population growth in the Russian Empire, 1646-1914

1719:
Russians who constituted the central social structure of Petrine Russia
numbered according to the following breakdown =

Court servitors & clergy 150,000
Dvorianstvo (nobility) 150,000
Serfs 4,700,000
Town & rural denizens 361,000
Total 5,361,000

 

TABLE??:

1843:Population of Saint Petersburg,
by social estate [soslovie, etc.]

Merchants [kuptsy, kupechestvo]

11,422

 

Urban commoners [meshchan’e & posadskie]

44,958

 

Tradesmen [tsekhovye]

15,277

 

Misc.

1,511

 

Urban estates [gorod. sosloviia] SUBTOTAL

 

73,168

Peasants [krest’ian’e]

101,008

 

Servants [dvorovye]

56,321

 

Misc.

36,125

 

Commoners [prostonarod’e] SUBTOTAL

 

193,454

Clergy [dukhoventsvo]

2,218

 

Aristocrats [blagorod. sosloviia]

49,373

 

     Bureaucrats [chinovniki] among these  [32,467]

 

 

Military of lower ranks [nizhie chiny]

94,175

 

Foreigners

14,006

 

Students in schools and university

15,337

 

Last six lines SUBTOTAL

 

175,109

GRAND TOTAL

>444,731

[SOURCE = Rashin:277-8]

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TABLE??:

1846:1869; Population Growth in Saint Petersburg

Year

Men

Women

Total

1846

327,178

154,178

481,352

1856

319,463

171,345

490,808

1864

313,443

225,679

539,122

1869

376,523

290,503

667,026

[SOURCE = SemPP,ed.,ggr-xtx slovar,4:450]

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*1858:1st new.nsx.xtx G/KMB/1858:Pop

*1858:Russian population in the 50 provinces of the Empire (excluding Finland), 72,600,000

*1863:Russian population = 61,175,900 [Rashin,25]

G/KMB/1869:Population of Saint P

*1885:3rd new.nsx.xtx

*1898:PRS| Histoire et Géographie - Atlas général Vidal-Lablache, Librairie Armand Colin contained this population map of European Russia

*1900:Russian Population by Class (expressed as percentage)

NB! Only nos. 1, 2, 5a, 6, & 7a represent formal Imperial Russian social estates [sosloviia]

1.   Peasants

Krest’ian’e; krestianstvo [krx]

77.1

2.   Middling Urbanites

Meshchan’e; meshchanstvo [mww]

10.7

3.   Foreigners

Inorodtsy [gjn]

6.6

4.   Cossacks

Kazaki; kazachestvo [kzk]

2.3

5a. Nobles &
5b. State Servitors

Dvorian’e; dvorianstvo [dvr] &
Chinovniki; sluzhashchie; chinovnichestvo [qnv]


1.5

6.   Clergy

Dukhoventsvo [dxv]

0.5

7a. Merchants &
7b. Honorary Citizens

Kuptsy; kupechestvo [kpq] &
Pochetnye grazhdaniny [pgr]


0.5

8.   Others [declasse?]

Drugie [etc.; including raznochintsy?]

0.8

[Source:Pdct:139]

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Demographic TABLE
MAJOR NATIONAL GROUPINGS
UNDER RUSSIAN & SOVIET RULE
IN RECENT TIMES

The left column numbers the peoples in rough numerical order of their bulk within the full census of the Soviet Union.  Then comes the English name of the peoples themselves.

The third column indicates the language group within which the people's language is classified.

CE = Northeastern Caucasus
CS = South Caucasus
CW = Northwestern Caucasus
GW = High West Germanic
II = Indo-Iranian
IN = North Iranian
Sm = Semitic
SB = Balto-Slavic or Slavonic
SE = East Slavic or Slavonic
SS = South Slavic or Slavonic
SW = West Slavic or Slavonic
RI = Romance, Italic or East Romance
UF = Finno-Ugric
UM = Ural-Altaic, Mongolian
UT = Ural-Altaic, Turkic

Column four indicates the English name for the "national" language of the people indicated.  Column five identifies SOME of the central locations where the indicated people are concentrated. It must be noted in this connection that the modern world has resulted in national groups distributing themselves over broader and yet broader territories.  National "minority" identity probably does originally result from people's having a shared experience of geographic proximity over a certain period of time.  Modernization, however, has meant mobility.  Especially in big cities the world over, great multicultural centers arose.  In the cities listed in column five below, "native" populations are sometimes in a minority.   In our time over 3/4 of the population of Riga, Latvia, is Russian.  Half the population of Kazakhstan is Russian.  One-third the population of Uzbekistan is Russian.  Column five works best in conjunction with the Geographic TABLE.

Column six lists predominant religious affiliation:

Bdd = Buddhist
BL = Buddhist-Lammite
Jd = Judaic
MH = Moslem/Islamic (Shii)
MU = Moslem/Islamic (Sunni)
OC = Uniate (Orthodox liturgy, Catholic hierarchy)
OE = Eastern Orthodox
OR = Russian Orthodox
PL = Protestant (Lutheran)
PM = Protestant (Mennonite)
RC = Roman Catholic

01 Russians SE Russian Moscow, Saint Petersburg OR
02 Ukrainians SE Ukrainian Kiev, Khar'kov OR OC
03 Uzbeks UT Uzbek Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent, Fergana MU
04 Belorussians SE Belorussian Minsk OR RC OC
05 Tatars UT Tatar Kazan, Astrakhan, Crimean Peninsula MU
06 Kazakhs UT Kazakh Almati [Alma-Ata] MU
07 Azery UT Azery Baku MH MU
08 Armenians Ar Armenian Yerevan Ar
09 Georgians CS Georgian Tbilisi [Tiflis] OE OR
10 Moldavians RE Romanian Kishinev OE
11 Lithuanians SB Lithuanian Vilna, Kaunas RC
12 Jews GW Sm Yiddish Hebrew Odessa; Historical "Pale of Settlement" Jd
13 Tadzhiks II Tadzhik Diushambe MU
14 Germans GW German Middle Volga River basin PM PL
15 Chuvash UT Chuvash Cheboksary OR
16 Turkomans UT Turkoman Ashkhabad MU
17 Kirghiz UT Kirghiz Frunze, Kokand MU
18 Latvians SB Latvian Riga PL
19 Daghestanians CE Makhachkala MU
20 Mordvinians UF Mordvin Saransk OR
21 Bashkirs UT Bashkir Ufa MU
22 Poles SW Polish RC
23 Estonians UF Estonian Tallinn, Tartu (Dorpat, Derpt) PL
24 Udmurts UF Udmurt Izhevsk OR
25 Chechens CE Chechen Groznyi MU
26 Mari UF Mari Ioshkar Ola OR
27 Ossetins IN Ossetin Central Caucasus OE MU
28 Komi UF Komi Syktyvkar OR
29 Komi Permiaks UF Komi Perm. Kudymkar OR
30 Koreans Korean Bdd
31 Bulgarians SS Bulgarian OE
32 Greeks Greek OE
33 Buryats UM Buryat Ulan-Ude BL
34 Yakuts UT Yakut Yakutsk OR
35 Kabards CW Kabardinian OR
36 Karakalpaks UT Karakalpak Aral Sea, SW shores MU
37 Gypsies II Romany --
38 Uigurs Uyghurs UT Uigur Kazakhstan, Eastern MU
39 Hungarians UF Hungarian RC
40 Ingush CE Ingush MU
41 Gagaus UT Gagaus OR
42 Karelians UF Karelian OR
43 Tuvinians UT Bdd
44 Kalmyks UM Kalmyk BL
45 Romanians RE Romanian OE
46 Karachai UT Karachai MU
47 Adygei CW
48 Kurds II Kurdish MU MH
49 Finns UF Finnish PL

 

Mironov,1:Table 1.2 measures the proportion of Ethnic Russian by Region in 1897
Mironov,1:Table 1.3 measures the ethnic population of the Russian Empire, 1719-1914

 

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UNDER CONSTRUCTION:

TABLE:
USSR, Western Europe, and North America
POPULATION of LANGUAGE GROUPS in 1983
(in millions)

Language group

Language

USSR

W.Eur

N.Am

Germanic, High West

Yiddish

000.247

00.064

0.377

Romance,East

Romanian

000.055

20.158

0.025

Romance,East

Moldavian

003.106

00.000

0.000

Slavic,East

Russian

158.062

00.144

0.221

Slavic,East

Ukrainian

036.547

00.365

0.430

Slavic,East

Belorussian

007.576

00.185

0.003

Slavic,West

Polish

000.345

36.728

1.010

Slavic,West

Czech

000.005

09.907

0.155

Slavic,West

Slovak

000.001

04.849

0.112

Slavic,South

Serbian

000.000

08.920

0.006

Slavic,South

Croatian

000.000

06.638

0.033

South Slavonic

Serbo-Croatian

000.004

01.395

0.209

Slavic,South

Bulgarian

000.253

07.913

0.005

Slavo-Baltic

Lithuanian

002.958

00.000

0.091

Slavo-Baltic

Latvian

001.438

00.000

0.018

Indic (Indo-Aryan

000.005

00.106

0.374

THIS TABLE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
[Source: 8x11:nsx "World Language Census---1983"]

Bibliography

*--The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire [E-TXT]
*--Russia's Orient: Imperial Borderlands and Peoples, 1700-1917
*--James W. Warhola, Politicized Ethnicity in the Russian Federation: Dilemmas of State Formation