neuronts.htm

Organizing notes for Neuroanatomy Lecture 4/1/99

Anatomical position

Body planes

median (midsaggital)

sagittal (parasaggital)

frontal (coronal)

transverse (horizontal, cross)

Anatomical directions and positions

inferior (caudal)

anterior (ventral)

posterior (dorsal)

medial

lateral

The human nervous system is divided into 2 parts:

Central Nervous System (CNS) -

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) -

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

meninges

pia mater
arachnoid
subarachnoid space
dura mater

brain

cerebrum
hemispheres
corpus callosum
cortex

gyrus

sulcus

each cerebral hemisphere is divided into lobes:

frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

primary cortical areas:

precentral gyrus
postcentral gyrus

homunculus

Heschl's gyrus

association areas:

sensory
motor
auditory - Wernicke's area

prefrontal cortex - Broca's area

ventricles

CSF
choroid plexus

subcortical structures

basal ganglia
substantia nigra
thalamus

brainstem

midbrain
pons
medulla

cerebellum

spinal cord

foramen magnum

nerves

neurons

gray matter
white matter

projection fibers

efferent fibers

afferent fibers

association fibers
commissural fibers

glial cells

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

spinal nerves

cervical

thoracic

lumbar

sacral

coccygeal

cranial nerves

12 pairs total; 6 important for communication:

V. Trigeminal

VII. Facial

VIII. Auditory

IX. Glossopharyngeal

X. Vagus

XI. Accessory (or spinal accessory

XII. Hypoglossal

Collateral blood supply

circle of Willis

purpose:

blood brain barrier

ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

interconnectivity in the brain

centrality of central nervous system

hierarchy of neuraxial organization

laterality of brain organization

- bilateral anotomical symmetry

- unilateral fnctional differences

- contralateral sensorimotor control

structural and functional specialization

topographical organization in cortical pathways

plasticity in the brain