I. Review: Three Types of Religion


Founder based, Tribal, and State


New Religions


II. Shamanic Culture in Japan


Religious Experience may be induced but not controllable

relation ritual practice and religious experience


Shaman, Shamaness - magatama, bow and arrow, mirror-disk


Shamanic trance or possession - spontaneous or ritual process charisma, or power that exudes the presence of the deity


Shamaness, the musician, the saniwa-hito (interlocutor), and the saniwa, temenos (sacred space)

Sandplay Therapy, Talk Therapy


Mystical visions, yume 

angry deities; kami


Shamanic messages as oracles from the gods


Miko, Nuru (formalized within a ritual system, leadership in the village), and Yuta


Serpents, Dragon, and Shamanesses