Review and Elaboration:


Kierkegaard: Existential Self - Religious: Despair, Sin, & Faith (knight of faith, and the leap of faith)


Jacques Lusseyran, And There Was Light

Light and Dark, both inner and outer

Resistance to evil, both inner and outer, physical versus spiritual

Body-Heart-Mind(-Spirit): How does one know something, what does it mean to know?


Bhagavad Gita: Empirical Self (maya: illusion), True Self (atman-Brahman: Reality)

Dark: Attachment to illusion

Light: illumination, dispersion of illusion, liberation (moksa)

karma without attachment

Frankl: Meaninglessness and Meaning (moral) - finding meaning wherever available

Cannot know the "Super-meaning" directly


Jung: Light Dark

ego Self

conscious unconscious

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ego, personal unconscious (shadow), collective unconscious

individuation: integration of ego with the unconscious

"the religious factor of integration"

vs. Freud's view of the conflict between Eros vs. Thanatos, Life vs. Death


Archetypes: Powerful psychic forces welling up from the collective unconscious

to manifest themselves as mystical images and religious experiences, forceful dreams, highly charged myths

Modes of Knowing: Jung's Four Personality Types 

(linear) thinking, (affect) feeling, (body) sensation, intuition

(This view of four personality types and their different modes of knowing became assimilated into 

the larger culture through the Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator Test, often used by corporations.)


Individuation: The process of balancing and integrating:

ego and Self; conscious and unconscious; light and dark