“Games in Politics”

Political Science 378

Spring 2015

Location: MCK 229

Instructors: Prof.  Mikhail Myagkov, 931 PLC

TR 12:1320

Office Hours Tuesdays 845-1145

e-mail myagkov@uoregon.edu

 

GTF: Micah Black; micahb@uoregon.edu; Office Hours W 11-12 PLC 837

GTF: Ksenia Bergantz; kseniab@uoregon.edu ; Office Hours M 12-1 PLC 837

 

 

Questions for Midterm 2 are here

 

Questions for the first midterm exam ( 04/28) are here

 

Up-to-Date Scores are here (updated 05/28)

 

 

General Description

 

Most political processes consist of parties (voters, politicians,  you name them) making decisions that affect various aspects of  peoples and societies lives.  Thus, the outcomes (and their respective utilities) for every participant depend upon everyone’s actions. It is, therefore, becomes important for each political player to affect other players’ actions in a way that the best possible outcome is attained for that player. In other words we can view “politics” as the processes by which we all try to influence each other’s behavior. In the process of influencing each other decisions we often play “games” with other people. This course focuses on the foundations of “Game Theory” as modeling tool to study these particular political situations. Some of the materials in this course are analytical – that is, they provide "tools" by which one can address a wide range of specific instances. Other materials are psychological or cognitive – that is, they address attributes of humans as they engage in politics. Finally, a part of this class will be devoted to learning about laboratory experiments design. Students will have an opportunity to participate in a laboratory experiments that would illustrate how methods and models of game theory can test political processes in a controlled laboratory environment..

 

Requirements and Grading

 

Class attendance (10%), in-class quizzes (15%), and participation in laboratory experiments (5%), two midterm exams (25% each) and a 7-9 pages final essay writing is required (20%). The quizzes will be in the form of multiple choice type questions covering basics of in-class lectures and discussions. It will be administered four times during the class. All quizzes will be open books/notes. Midterms will be on April 28th and May 21st. The essays will be due on the last day of classes.

Essays can be in the form of articles/book review from reading materials posted on class web site or  (preferably) a student can pick his/her own topic of interest related to the main subject of the class. It can be a political/economic or other similar situation that can be analyzed from game theoretic point of view. During the course of the class I will provide you with multiple examples of such topics, and will provide you with a template of how to tackle them.

Students are also expected to spend at least three hours a week to search online (or elsewhere) for political examples that fit the theories and models considered in class. A list of such examples, and relative references should be submitted with the final essay. 

 

Incompletes: All the work (essays) should be complete by the due date. An incomplete grade may be given in some cases if there is evidence of some kind of emergency (medical/family) that prevented the student from completing the work on time. It is instructor’s discretion whether or not to grant such a request. If the request is granted then the student has to sign an agreement regarding the date of work completion or a failing grade can be given.

 

Communications

 

Please, do not hesitate to stop by during my office hours. Due to the large size of the class all questions and/or concerns should first be emailed to one of the GTFs. If a GTF can not resolve the issue, please contact me via email, and, very importantly, include “PS378” into the subject line of your email.

 

 

 

Practical Topics (tools):

 

Theory of Games; Experimental Design

 

 Required Book:

 

“Analyzing Politics” by Mark Bonchek and Kenneth Shepsle

 

Additional Articles to Read (required) will be posted on class web site.

 

Please visit this site

 

Daily Schedule and Readings:

 

Week 1. The concepts of Modeling an Rationality. Representation of Political Processes, Components of a Game. Prisoner’s Dilemma. Cooperation.

 

Readings: Shepsle 1-41. 

 

Split or Steal Game ( Prisoners Dilemma)

 

Game Theory and Evolution

 

Nuclear Deal with Iran

 

Conflict in Ukraine through the lens of Game Theory

 

Crimea and Theory of Games

 

Game Theory and Voting

Week 2. Representation of Political Processes (continued), Preferences and Utilities, Group Choice Analysis, Majority Rule. Spatial Models of Majority Rule, Analysis of Extensive Form Games, Solutions for Extensive Forms, Agendas, Condorcet Winners

 

Readings: Shepsle 42-150.

 

Collective action in California

 

Excellent Article on “Math. Of Elections”

 

Article on Median Voter Theory

 

Kenya’s example of PD Game

 

Obama Israel Games

 

Voting and Game Thoery

 

Week 3. Analysis of Strategic Form Games, Nash Equilibria, Strategic Behavior: Sophistication, Misrepresentation, and Manipulation. Voting Methods and Electoral Systems. Representation versus Governance

 

Redings Shepsle 156-191.

 

The paper on “Mindreading and Manipulation” is here

 

The “Flying Club” article

 

Evolution of the number of Parties

 

 

An Extensive form Game of war with Iran

A good piece on Iran’s doctrine

 

 

Week 4.  Information. Games with Incomplete and Imperfect Information. Median Voters Theory and the Importance of Public Opinion Polls. Information Revelation, and Electoral Games with Incomplete Information.

 

The Danger of Information Breakdown between Russia and the US

 

Iran Agreement and Game between the White House and Congress

 

What does the left want from Hillary?

 

Collective Action in Asia

 

Hillary Clinton and Median Voters Theory

 

An example on Campaign Finance Game

 

Readings: Shepsle: 191-262.

 

 

Week  5. Cooperation, Two-Person Cooperation ,Pork-Barreling, Cooperation under repeated play, Inducing Cooperation. Prisoner’s Dilemma vs. Stag Hunt model. Midterm exam.

 

 

Prisoners Dilemma in Sports and Drugs

Stag Hunt

Slides for week 5

 

 

Week 6. Collective Action, The Problem of Representation, Logic of Collective Action, Political Ideology and Belief Systems, Theory of Voting and Collective Action. Models of Public Goods.

 

Readings: Shepsle: 262-355.

 

Voting and Coalitions

Nepal Earthquake Victims Help Themselves

Walmart found to be sourcing bottled water from drought-stricken California

Slides for week 6

 

 

Week 7. Bureaucracy and Intergovernmental Relations, Niskanen’s Model, Bargaining, Agenda Setting Power, Principals and Agents, Leadership.  Institutions and Legislatures.

 

Readings: Shepsle: 356- 473

 

“Election Selections” Article

 

Principal Agent Model and Financial Crisis

Australia and the principal-agent problem

The principal-agent problem at Apple

NSFBudgetArticles, 1 2 3

Slides for week 7

 

Week 8.  Cognitive aspects of decision making. Behavioral Game Theory and its implications for politics. Prospect Theory. Altruism and Altruistic Punishment.  Ultimatum Games. Methods of Laboratory Experiments.

 

Readings: Shepsle: 473- end

 

 

Prospect Theory and Political Risk Taking

 

Mindreading and Manipulation in PD Games

 

The paper on “PD Games and Prospect Theory” is here

 

Original Prospect Theory paper by Kahneman

 

Why do we take risks?

 

Psychology and International Relations

 

More TBA

 

News Reports Discussed in Class:

 

To be Added Daily.

 

 

Week 9. Experimental Design in Political Science. Methods and Models of experimental research. Examples: Prospect Theory; PD Games; Ultimatum Games etc.

 

Excellent survey article on experimental methods in Political Science

 

An example of fMRI based experiments that explain behavior in auctions

 

Experimental Instructions for International Experiment (Tuesday the 26th evening through Wednesday the 27th noon)

 

 

 

 

 

More Relevant Online Information

 

 

Dating and Prisoner’s Dilemma

Prisoner’s Dilemma and “Games of Trust”

“Partisan” Game of Chicken

“Football Strategy and Game Theory”

Monkeys and Fairness

Game Theory of Swing States