Date |
Events in Mir |
Jewish Historical Events |
European Historical Events |
| 1345 |
Mir mentioned in records |
|
Around this time, the area was taken over by the large kingdoms of Lita |
| 1569 |
By 1569 Mir was a possession of R. Radzivil-Sirotka |
|
Political union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus' and Samogitia with Poland establishing the Commonwealth of Poland |
| 1581 |
|
Council of the Four Lands formed in Poland- Jewish autonomy |
|
| 17th century |
Early 17th Century, Jews began to settle in Mir, under the jurisdiction of Nesvizh |
|
|
| 1618-1648 |
|
|
Thirty Years' War |
| 1648-1655 |
|
|
Chmielnicki Massacres |
| 1654 |
|
|
Eastern Poland, White Russia & Lithuania conquered by Russia. Jews exterminated or expelled. |
| 1673 |
Taxes owed by the Jews of Lithuania to state institutions and debts to other creditors were occasionally collected at the Mir fairs. |
|
|
| 1685 |
Catherine Sapieha of the Radziwill family instructed the administrator of the town to respect the rights of the Jews |
|
|
| 18th century |
Jews paid more poll taxes, indication population growth |
|
|
| 1764 |
|
Council of Four Lands abolished by royal act |
|
| 1772 |
|
|
First Partition of Poland. All of Belarus is incorporated into the Russian Empire, with the exception of a small northwestern corner, taken by Prussia |
| 1772 |
|
|
Galicia is joined to Austria |
| 1776 |
|
|
Most Belarusan cities and towns are deprived of their Magdeburg Statutes of self-government. |
| 1775-1783 |
|
|
American Revolution |
| 1789-1792 |
|
|
French Revolution |
| 1791 |
Beginning of Pale of Settlement in Russian territories |
|
The Constitution of May 3 merges the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus', and Samogitia into a unitary state. |
| 1793 |
|
|
Second partition of Poland. |
| 1795 |
Mir under Russian rule |
|
Third Partition of Poland |
| 1806 |
Over 800 Jews in Mir |
|
|
| 1812 |
|
|
Napoleon's march into Russia |
| 1815 |
Mir Yeshivah founded |
|
|
| 1858 |
Population 1464 |
|
|
| 1827 |
|
Conscription of Jews - 25 years "cantonists". Some Jews were even abducted at the age of 12, but time of service was reckoned from the age of 19. |
|
| 1820s |
|
Special tax on 'kosher' meat and on Sabbath candles |
|
| 1830-1831 |
|
|
Poland at war with Russia |
| 1851 |
Jews of Mir build wooden synagogue |
|
|
| 1840 |
|
Damascus Blood Libel |
|
| 1842 |
|
Jews of Poland forced to discharge military service in person like Russian Jews |
|
| 1843 |
|
Bnai Brit founded in America |
|
| 1845 |
|
Law forbidding the traditional Jewish mode of dress in Poland, as in Russia |
|
| 1848 |
|
Full Emancipation of Jews in France |
French Revolution |
| 1853-1856 |
|
|
Crimean War |
| 1856 |
|
Ha-Maggid - first Hebrew weekly established in Russia |
|
| 1861 |
|
|
Abolition of serfdom in Russia |
| 19th century |
Habad Hasidism acquired considerable influence in Mir early in century |
Haskalah - Jewish enlightenment in Russia |
|
| 1860 |
|
Alliance Israelite Universelle formed in Paris - chief program the defense of Jewish rights |
|
| 1861-1865 |
|
|
US Civil War |
| 1863-1864 |
|
|
Guerrilla war in Kingdom of Poland: Lithuania, Ukraine
and Belarus against Russia |
| 1860s-1941 |
Immigration to Palestine (see this site) |
|
|
| 1868 |
|
Jews receive emancipation in Austria |
|
| 1869 |
|
Jews receive emancipation in Northern German Confederation |
|
| 1870 |
|
Agricultural School Mikveh Israel founded in Palestine |
|
| 1871 |
|
Jews receive emancipation in Southern Germany |
|
| 1872 |
|
Society for the Spreading of Enlightenment among the Jewsof Russia |
|
| 1873 |
|
Union of American Hebrew Congregations formed |
|
| 1875 |
|
Hebrew Union College at Cincinnati opened |
|
| 1877-1878 |
|
|
Russo-Turkish War |
| 1880 |
|
ORT established in St. Petersburg |
|
| 1880s |
|
Hobebe Zion (Lovers of Zion) established with large centers in Odessa & Warsaw |
|
| 1881-1882 |
|
|
Pogroms in Russia - start of 2 decades of immmigration to America |
| May 1882 |
|
|
'Temporary Rules' (the 'May Rules') which confined the Jews to the towns and townships of the Pale and forbade their settling in the villages. |
| 1880s |
Immigration of Mirers to US |
|
|
| 1886 |
|
Jewish Theological Seminary opened in NY |
|
| 1887 |
|
Petach Tikvah founded by Jews from Jerusalem |
|
| 1890 |
Mir Congregation on Lower East Side in New York |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| 1894-5 |
|
Trial of Captain Alfred Dreyfus in France |
|
| |
|
|
|
| 1895 |
|
Theodore Benjamin Zeev Herzel writes his book 'Jews' State |
|
| |
|
|
|
| 1897 |
|
World Zionist Organization founded |
|
| Aug. 1897 |
|
First Zionist Congress in Basel |
|
| 1897 |
|
Hativah chosen as national anthem |
|
| 1899 |
|
Jewish Colonial Trust founded |
|
| 1901 |
50 year old wooden synagogue destroyed by fire |
|
|
| 1901 |
|
Jewish National Fund founded |
|
| 1902-1914 |
|
29 new settlements started in Palestine with funds of the Zionist Organization |
|
| 1903 |
|
|
Pogrom in Kishinev |
| 1904-1935 |
Continued immigration to America. |
|
|
| 1905 |
1463 people living in Mir most poor |
Jewish Encyclopedia completed |
|
| 1905-1906 |
|
|
Pogroms |
| 1905-1914 |
|
750,000 Jewish immigrants from Russia to US |
|
| 1908 |
Jewish library founded in Mir |
|
|
| 1912 |
|
Haddassah founded in NY |
|
| 1914 |
|
Joint Distribution Committee - included American Jewish Joint Distribution (Relief Committee) and relief committees in neutral countries |
|
| 1914-1918 |
|
|
First World War |
| 1914- 1921 |
Mir Yeshiva headed by R. Eliezer Jedah Finkel, moved to Poltava, in the Ukraine |
|
|
| 1917-1918 |
|
|
British troops capture Palestine from the Turks |
| Nov. 2, 1917 |
|
Balfour Declaration |
|
| Feb. 1917 |
|
|
Revolution broke out in Russia |
| 1917 |
Yiddish elementary school and kindergarten in Mir founded |
End of czarist government brought the repeal of anti-Jewish laws. |
|
| Nov. 11, 1918 |
|
Polish Republic restored |
|
| 1918-1921 |
|
|
Russian Revolution |
| 1919-1921: |
|
|
The Russo-Polish War results in the partitioning of Belarus between the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and Poland |
| 1919-1920 |
|
|
Polish-Soviet War
Soviet invasion defeated, Republic of Poland remains intact till 1939 |
| Sept 1920 |
|
|
Polish victory at the Neiman River |
| 1921 |
2,074 Jews (55% of the population) living in the Mir |
|
|
| 1922 |
As Belarus is divided, Mir becomes Polish town. |
|
Poland victorius in war against Soviet Union. Polish Belarus and Soviet Belarus
divided on the west of the Dnieper |
| 1928 (January) |
Total Population of Mir 3,741 |
|
|
| 1929 |
365 Businesses in Mir |
|
Pogroms in Palestine |
| 1936 |
|
World Jewish Congress founded |
|
| 1936-1939 |
|
|
Pogroms in Palestine |
| 1939 |
Pop. approx. 2,300 |
|
|
| 1939 |
|
|
Belorus reannexed from Poland
4th partition of Poland
Soviet sphere of interest |
| Sept. 1,1939 |
|
|
Germany invades Poland |
| Sept. 17, 1939 |
|
|
Red Army moves into West Belarus |
| 1939 |
Mir Yeshiva teachers and students excape to Vilnius |
|
|
| January 1940 |
All the factories and trading enterprises were nationalized by state. |
|
|
| June, 22, 1941 |
|
|
German invasion of Russian territory |
| June 1941 |
Germans capture MIr |
|
|
| June-August 1941 |
All the territory of Belarus was occupied by German troops |
|
|
| November 9, 1941 |
German soldiers from the 8th Company, Infantry Regiment 727, actively assisted by the local Belorussian police under the command of Semion Serafinowicz murdered approximately 1,500 Jews at several different sites in Mir. |
|
|
| May 1942 |
Remaining Jews confined to ghetto in Mir Castle |
|
|
| Summer 1942 |
Oswald Rufeisen warned of impending liquidation of ghetto and provided weapons to Jews. |
|
|
| August 10, 1942 |
About 200 Jews escaped from ghetto in Mir |
|
|
| April 1943 |
|
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
|
| August 1943 |
|
Bialystok Ghetto Uprising |
|
| Sept. 1943 |
|
Vilna Ghetto Uprising |
|
| June-July 1944 |
|
|
Red Army and Partisans cleared all the territory of Belarus.
During the war about 2.230.000 people (every fourth resident of Belarus) were killed in Belarus. 209 towns and 9.200 villages were burned down or ruined. More than 10.000 of factories, 2.000 hospitals, 219 libraries were destroyed. More than 380.000 people were taken away to Germany.
|
| by Sept. 1944 |
|
|
Belorus regained by Soviets |
| May 8, 1945 |
|
|
War in Europe offically over |
| 29 Nov 1947 |
|
UN partitions Palestine |
|
| 14 May 1948 |
|
State of Israel is declared |
|
| 1948 |
|
War of Independence |
|
| 1949-1950 |
|
Operation Flying Carpet
50,000 Jews from Yemen flown to Israel and 1,770 Jews from Aden. |
|
| April 1950 |
|
Operation Ezra & Nechamia
130,000 Jews flown from Iraq to Israel. |
|
| 1956 |
|
Sinai Campaign |
|
| June 1967 |
|
Six Day War |
|
| Oct 1973 |
|
Yom Kipur War |
|
