Date |
Events in Mir |
Jewish Historical Events |
European Historical Events |
Source |
| 1345 |
Mir mentioned in records |
|
Around this time, the area was taken over by the large kingdoms of Lita |
Ivrit |
| 16th century |
By 1569 Mir was a possession of R. Radzivil-Sirotka |
|
|
|
| 1569 |
|
|
Reunited under Polish Rule |
Ivrit |
| 17th century |
Early 17th Century, Jews becan to settle in Mir, under the jurisdiction of Nesvizh |
|
|
|
| 1618-1648 |
|
|
Thirty Years' War |
|
| 1673 |
taxes owed by the Jews of Lithuania to state institutions and debts to other creditors were occasionally collected at the Mir fairs. |
|
|
|
| 1648-1655 |
|
|
Chmielnicki Massacres |
M&M |
| 1654 |
|
|
Eastern Poland, White Russia & Lithuania conquered by Russia. Jews exterminated or expelled. |
M&M |
| 1673 |
taxes owed by the Jews of Lithuania to state institutions and debts to other creditors were occasionally collected at the Mir fairs. |
|
|
|
| 1685 |
Catherine Sapieha of the Radziwill family instructed the administrator of the town to respect the rights of the Jews |
|
|
|
| 18th century |
|
The Frankist movement is founded in Podolia |
|
Ivrit |
| 18th century |
|
Podolia is the cradle of Hasidism |
|
Ivrit |
| 1700-1760 |
|
Israel Baal Shem Tov - Besht
Beginning of Hasidism |
|
M&M |
| 1720-1797 |
|
Gaon of Vilna |
|
Ivrit |
| 1764 |
|
Council of Four Lands ceased to exist by royal act |
|
|
| 1766 |
Population decreased to 326, including the surrounding area. |
|
|
GE |
| 1772 |
|
|
First Partition of Poland |
|
| 1772 |
|
|
Galicia is joined to Austria |
M&M |
| 1775-1783 |
|
|
American Revolution |
|
| 1789-1792 |
|
|
French Revolution |
|
| 1793 |
|
|
Second partition of Poland. |
|
| 1795 |
|
|
Third Partition of Poland |
|
| 1795 |
Ruzhany under Russian rule |
|
|
|
| 1827 |
|
Conscription of Jews - 25 years "cantonists". Some Jews were even abducted at the age of 12, but time of service was reckoned from the age of 19. |
|
M&M |
| 1820s |
|
Special tax on 'kosher' meat and on Sabbath candles |
|
M&M |
| 1830-1831 |
|
|
Poland at war with Russia |
POG
|
| 1830-1831 |
52 Jews were farming in the Districts of Western Russia including Letichev (Podolia) |
|
|
|
| 1840 |
|
Damascus Blood Libel |
|
M&M |
| 1842 |
|
Jews of Poland forced to discharge military service in person like Russian Jews |
|
M&M |
| 1843 |
|
Bnai Brit founded in America |
|
LZ |
| 1845 |
|
Law frobidding the traditional Jewish mode of dress in Poland, as in Russia |
|
M&M |
| 1844 |
A proposal known as Razbor - "to declare Jews as useful". 10,000 Jews applied for status as colonists. Agricultural colonies in Volhynia, Podolia and Kiev established. |
|
|
|
| 1844-1864 |
Between 1844-1852, 19 Jewish argicultural colonies were established. |
|
|
|
| 1847 |
Population 1,467 |
|
|
|
| 1848 |
|
Full Emancipation of Jews in France |
French Revolution |
M&M |
| 1850 |
Agricultural colonies, Pavlova and Constantinova were established nearby. |
|
|
|
| mid 19th century |
Textile mills established. There were also tanneries, mills and breweries, A very high percentage of businesses were in Jewish ownership. |
|
|
|
| 1853-1856 |
|
|
Crimean War |
|
| 1856 |
|
Ha-Maggid - first Hebrew weekly established in Russia |
|
M&M |
| 19th century |
|
Haskalah - Jewish enlightenment in Russia |
|
M&M |
| 1860 |
|
Alliance Israelite Universelle formed in Paris - chief program the defense of Jewish rights |
|
M&M |
| 1861-1865 |
|
|
US Civil War |
|
| 1863-1864 |
|
|
Guerrilla war in Kingdom of Poland: Lithuania, Ukraine
and Belarus against Russia |
POG |
| 1860s-1941 |
Immigration to Palestine (see this site) |
|
|
|
| 1868 |
|
Jews receive emancipation in Austria |
|
|
| 1869 |
|
Jews receive emancipation in Northern German Confederation |
|
|
| 1870 |
|
Agricultural School Mikveh Israel founded in Palestine |
|
M&M |
| 1871 |
|
Jews receive emancipation in Southern Germany |
|
|
| 1872 |
|
Society for the Spreading of Enlightenment among the Jewsof Russia |
|
M&M |
| 1873 |
|
Union of American Hebrew Congregations formed |
|
M&M |
| 1875 |
|
Hebrew Union College at Cincinnati opened |
|
LZ |
| 1877-1878 |
|
|
Russo-Turkish War |
|
| 1880 |
|
ORT established in St. Petersburg |
|
LZ |
| 18?? |
Rabbi Mordechai Gimple Jaffe was rabbi in Ruzhany before going on aliyah to Eretz Israel. |
|
|
SF |
| 1884 |
Abraham Kestin was a correspondent to Hamagid. |
|
|
SF |
| 1885 |
An orituary for Yakov Mordecai ben Arieh Leib Piones appeared in Hamelitz. The writer was Ahron Pines. |
|
|
SF |
| 1885-1886 |
11 families emigrated from Pavlova and Constantinova to Moshav Ekron in Palestine. |
|
|
|
| 1880s |
|
Hobebe Zion (Lovers of Zion) established with large centers in Odessa & Warsaw |
|
M&M |
| 1881-1882 |
|
|
Pogroms in Russia - start of 2 decades of immmigration to America |
M&M |
| May 1882 |
|
|
'Temporary Rules' (the 'May Rules') which confined the Jews to the towns and townships of the Pale and forbade their settling in the villages. |
M&M |
| 1882 |
|
BILU - Beth Iaakob Leku Unelkah movement established at Kharkov |
|
M&M |
| 1884 |
|
Jewish Technical School at Zhitomir closed |
|
M&M |
| 1886 |
|
Jewish Theological Seminary opened in NY |
|
M&M |
| 1887 |
|
Petach Tikvah founded by Jews from Jerusalem |
|
M&M |
| 1890s |
|
ICA - Jewish Colonization Association incorporated by Baron Maurice de Hirsch |
|
M&M |
| 1894 |
Dr. L. Pines was local deputy for the Eretz Israel farmers and workers support association. |
|
|
SF |
| 1894-5 |
|
Trial of Captain Alfred Dreyfus in France |
|
|
| 1894-1911 |
Immigration to Argentina sponsored by Baron Hirsch. |
|
|
|
| 1895 |
|
Theodore Benjamin Zeev Herzel writes his book 'Jews' State |
|
M&M |
| 1897 |
Population 3,599 (71% of total population) |
|
|
|
| 1897 |
|
World Zionist Organization founded |
|
LZ |
| Aug. 1897 |
|
First Zionist Congress in Basel |
|
|
| 1897 |
|
Hativah chosen as national anthem |
|
LZ |
| 1899 |
|
Jewish Colonial Trust founded |
|
M&M |
| 1900s |
|
Mizrachi Orthodox party under the leadership of Isaac Jacob Reines |
|
M&M |
| 1901 |
|
Jewish National Fund founded |
|
M&M |
| 1902-1914 |
|
29 new settlements started in Palestine with funds of the Zionist Organization |
|
M&M |
| 1903 |
|
|
Pogrom in Kishinev |
|
| 1904-1935 |
Immigration to America. |
|
|
|
| 1905 |
|
Jewish Encyclopedia completed |
|
M&M |
| 1905-1906 |
|
|
Pogroms |
|
| 1905-1914 |
|
750,000 Jewish immigrants from Russia to US |
|
M&M |
| 1906 |
|
American Jewish Committee founded |
|
M&M |
| 1906 |
|
Bezalel School in Jerusalem founded |
|
M&M |
| 1909 |
|
Tel-Aviv founded |
|
M&M |
| 1911-1913 |
|
Beilis Trial |
|
M&M |
| 1912 |
|
Haddassah founded in NY |
|
LZ |
| 1914 |
|
Joint Distribution Committee - included American Jewish Joint Distribution (Relief Committee) and relief committees in neutral countries |
|
M&M |
| 1914-1918 |
|
|
First World War |
|
| |
|
American Jewish Congress founded |
|
LZ |
| 1915 |
|
Zion Mule Corps made up of 600 Palestine refugees in Egypt which fought in Gallipoli. On disbandment formed nucleus of the Jewish Legion for service in Palestine. |
|
M&M |
| 1917-1918 |
|
|
British troops capture Palestine from the Turks |
|
| Nov. 2, 1917 |
|
Balfour Declaration |
|
|
| Feb. 1917 |
|
|
Revolution broke out in Russia |
|
| 1917 |
|
End of czarist government brought the repeal of anti-Jewish laws. |
|
M&M |
| Nov. 11, 1918 |
|
Polish Republic restored |
|
|
| 1918-1921 |
|
|
Russian Revolution |
|
| Jan.1, 1919 |
|
|
Belorussian S.S.R. set up |
|
| 1919-1920 |
|
|
Polish-Soviet War
Soviet invasion defeated, Republic of Poland remains intact till 1939 |
|
| Sept 1920 |
|
|
Polish victory at the Neiman River |
POG |
| 1921 |
Population 3,717 (66% of total pop. - 2,400 was Jewish) |
|
|
WOWW |
| 1921 |
|
World ORT Organization established |
|
LZ |
| 1922 |
|
|
Poland victorius in war against Soviet Union. Polish Belarus and Soviet Belarus
divided on the west of the Dnieper |
POG |
| 1922 |
|
High Commissioner of Palestine declares Hebrew as an offical language on a par with English & Arabic |
|
|
| 1924 |
|
Palestine Jewish Colonisation Association founded by Baron Rothschild |
|
|
| April 1925 |
|
Hebrew University in Jerusalem formally opened |
|
|
| 1929 |
|
|
Pogroms in Palestine |
LZ |
| 1936 |
|
World Jewish Congress founded |
|
LZ |
| 1936-1939 |
|
|
Pogroms in Palestine |
LZ |
| 1939 |
Pop. 3,900 |
|
|
|
| 1939 |
|
|
Belorus reannexed from Poland
4th partition of Poland
Soviet sphere of interest |
|
| 1939 |
|
|
White Paper - British report recommending against partition of Palestine |
|
| Sept. 1939 |
|
|
Germany invades Poland |
|
| June 1941 |
Germans capture Ruzhany. |
|
|
|
| June 22, 1941 |
|
|
Germany invades Russia |
|
| late June 1941 |
Jews were transferred to the Volkovysk transit camp. |
|
|
EJLBDH |
| Nov-Dec 1941 |
All 3,000 Jews were deported to Treblinka and Aushwitz. |
|
|
EJLBDH |
| April 1943 |
|
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
|
LZ |
| August 1943 |
|
Bialystok Ghetto Uprising |
|
LZ |
| Sept. 1943 |
|
Vilna Ghetto Uprising |
|
LZ |
| by Sept. 1944 |
|
|
Belorus regained by Soviets |
|
| May 8, 1945 |
|
|
War in Europe offically over |
|
| 29 Nov 1947 |
|
UN partitions Palestine |
|
|
| 14 May 1948 |
|
State of Israel is declared |
|
|
| 1948 |
|
War of Independence |
|
|
| 1949-1950 |
|
Operation Flying Carpet
50,000 Jews from Yemen flown to Israel and 1,770 Jews from Aden. |
|
LZ |
| April 1950 |
|
Operation Ezra & Nechamia
130,000 Jews flown from Iraq to Israel. |
|
LZ |
| 1956 |
|
Sinai Campaign |
|
|
| June 1967 |
|
Six Day War |
|
|
| Oct 1973 |
January 1940 All the factories and trading enterprises were nationalized by state.
1941-1945 The Great Patriotic War.
June-August 1941 All the territory of Belarus was occupied by German troops.
German soldiers are bursting into a Belorussian village, 1941.
June-July 1944 Red Army cleared all the territory of Belarus.
During the war there were killed in Belarus about 2.230.000 people (every fourth resident of Belarus). It was ruined and burned down 209 towns, burned down 9.200 villages. It was destroyed more than 10.000 of factories, 2.000 hospitals, 219 libraries. More than 380.000 people were taken away to Germany.
January 1954 |
Yom Kipur War |
|
|