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(1) National Commission on Civic Renewal. A Nation of Spectators: How Civic Disengagement Weakens America and What We Can Do About It. Washington, D.C.: 1999. http://www.puaf.umd.edu/Affiliates/CivicRenewal/finalreport/table_of_contentsfinal_report.htm
(2) U.S. Department of Education. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. national Denter for Education Statistics. The NAEP 1998 Civics Report Card for the Nation, NCES 2000-457, by A.D. Lutkus, A.R. Weisee, J.R. Campbell, J. Mazzeo, and S. Lazer. Washington, D.C.: 1999. http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/]; National Association of Secretaries of State. New Millennium Project Part I: Youth Attitudes on Policies, Citizenship, Government and Voting. Washington, DC: 1999. http://www.stateofthevote.org/mediakit.html
(3) Robert Putnam. "The Strange Disappearance of Civic America," The American Prospect, Vol. 7, Issue24, December 1, 1996. http://www.prospect.org/print/V7/24/putnam-r.html
(4) Stephen Hess. "Media to Government: Drop Dead," Brookings Review, Winter 2000, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 28-31 http://www.brook.edu/press/review/winter2000/hess.htm; The Pew Center for the People and the Press. "Internet Sapping Broadcast News Audience," June 11, 2000, Washington, D.C.: 2000. http://www.people-press.org/media00rpt.htm; Thomas E. Patterson, DOING WELL AND DOING GOOD: How Soft News and Critical Journalism Are Shrinking the News Audience and Weakening Democracy-And What News Outlets Can Do About It. The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, January 12, 2001, Cambridge, MA. http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/presspol/publications/webpapers.htm
(5) The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. Audiences Fragmented and Sceptical, February 5, 2000, Washington, D.C.: 2000. http://www.people-press.org/jan00mor2.htm
(6) The Pew Research Center. "The American Voter 2000: Dissatisfied? Distracted? Or Just Don't Care?" Friday, July 14, 2000, Washington, D.C. http://www.brook.edu/comm/transcripts/20000714.htm
(7) Jan Schaffer. "The Media and Civic Engagement," keynote address to Public Faces of Philanthropy Conference, Northern California Grantmakers Conference, San Francisco, CA, June 22, 1999. http://www.pewcenter.org/doingcj/speeches/s_grantmakers.html
(8) Stuart Hall. "The Spectacle of the 'Other'," in Stuart Hall (ed.), Representation: Cultural Representations and Signyfying Practices, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publicaitons, 1997, p. 245; Tim O'Sullivan, John Hartley, Danny Saunders, Martin Montgomery and John Fiske. Key Concepts in Communication and Cultural Studies, New York: Routledge, 1994.
(9) "God's Country," by Joan Didion, The New York Review of Books, November 2, 2000.
(10) "What is Compassionate Conservatism and Can it Transform America," a Heritage Foundation Lecture, No. 676, July 24, 2000. http://www.heritage.org/library/lecture/hl676.html
(11) Benjamin Barber. Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984, p. 4. Also, for views of Barber on the connection between citizenship and education see "The public purpose of education and schooling [videorecording]: a symposium". Seattle, Wash. : Institute for Educational Inquiry, c1996.
(12) John Dunn (ed.). Democracy: The Unfinished Journey, 508 BC to ad 1993, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
(13) Anne Kronheiser. "On Benjamin R. Barber," in CIVNET Journal, January-February 1999, Vol. 3, Number One. http://www.civnet.org/journal/vol3no1/revakorn.htm
(14) Benjamin Barber. A Place for Us, New York: Hill and Wang, 1998, p. 25.
(17) A Place for Us, p. 72-73.
(18) Sheilah Mann (ed.), PS: Poltical Science and Politics: Essays on Civic Education, Sept. 1997. http://www.apsanet.org/CENnet/PS/
(19) Sheilah Mann. "Political Scientists Examine Civics Standards: An Introduction," in Sheilah Mann (ed.), PS: Poltical Science and Politics: Essays on Civic Education, Sept. 1997. http://www.apsanet.org/CENnet/PS/mann.cfm
(20) Richard Merelman. "Symbols as Substance in
National Civics Standards," in Sheilah Mann (ed.), PS: Poltical Science
and Politics: Essays on Civic Education, Sept. 1997. http://www.apsanet.org/CENnet/PS/merelman.cfm
(Center for Civic Education, National Standards for Civics and Government)
(21) Margaret Branson. "The Education of Citizens in a Market Economy and Its Relationship to a Free Society," paper delivered to the International Conference on Western Democracy and Eastern Europe: Political, Economic and Social Changes, Spree Hotel, East Berlin, Germany, October 14 -18, 1991. http://www.civiced.org/education.html
(22) Robert Dahl. A Preface to Economic Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985, p.50.
(23) Benjamin Barber. "Jihad Vs. McWorld," Atlantic Monthly, March 1992.
(24) Barber. A Place for Us, p. 27.
(25) Benjamin Barber. "Jihad Versus McWorld," New York: Times Books, 1995.
(26) Barber. A Place for Us, p. 73.
(27) Civic Practices Network. http://www.cpn.org/cpn/index.html
(28) Civic Practices Network. "The New Citizenship." http://www.cpn.org/cpn/sections/new_citizenship/new_citizenship_intro.html
(29) Civic Education Network. American Political Science Association. http://www.apsanet.org/CENnet/
(30) Harry Boyte. "Beyond Deliberation: Citizenship as Public Work," Civic Practices Network. http://www.cpn.org/cpn/sections/new_citizenship/theory/boyte.html
(31) Sheilah Mann. "Political Scientists Examine Civics Standards: An Introduction," in Sheilah Mann (ed.), PS: Poltical Science and Politics: Essays on Civic Education, Sept. 1997. http://www.apsanet.org/CENnet/PS/mann.cfm
(32) Jay Rosen. Getting the Connections Right: Public Journalism and Troubles in the Press, New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1999.
(33) Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. "Fear and Favor in 2000: How Power Shapes the News," A Special Report. http://www.fair.org/ff2000.html
(34) Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. "Fear and Favor in 2000: How Power Shapes the News," A Special Report. http://www.fair.org/ff2000.html
(35) Robert McChesney. Rich Media, Poor Democracy, Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1999.
(36) Bill Moyers. advance publicity by the University of Illinois Press. http://www.press.uillinois.edu/f99/excerpts/mcchesney/advance.html
(37) McChesney. Rich Media, Poor Democracy, p. 285.
(38) McChesney. Rich Media, Poor Democracy, p. 2.
(39) McChesney. Rich Media, Poor Democracy, p. 3.
(40) ABC World News Tonight. "McCain Hammers Christian Leaders: Bush Calls Rival’s Attack ‘Shameless’," February 28, 2000. http://204.202.137.111/sections/politics/DailyNews/bush_bobjones000228.html
(41) Kellner, Douglas. Television and the Crisis of Democracy, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990.
(42) Russ Baker. "Stealth TV," The American
Prospect, Vol. 12, Issue 3, Feb. 12, 2001. http://www.prospect.org/print-friendly/print/V12/3/baker-r.html;
"Selling our children: channel one and the politics of education,"
Michael W. Apple, in Capitalism and the information age : the political economy
of the global communication revolution, edited by Robert W. McChesney, Ellen
Meiksins Wood, and John Bellamy Foster.
Publisher: New York, NY : Monthly Review Press, c1998;
Author: Apple, Michael W
Title: Official knowledge: democratic education in a conservative age / Michael
W. Apple
Publisher: New York : Routledge, c2000
(43) See F. Jameson. "On Magic Realism in Film," Critical Inquiry, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1986.