V. Crisis and Protest: The “Pre-Revolution”
A. The Failure of Institutional Reform: Calonne's Reforms and the Assembly of Notables
B. Things Fall Apart: The Upheavals of 1788 and 1789

Image: Satire of the “Assembly of Notables” (22 February 1787)
Image: Alexandre Debelle (1805-1897), La journée des Tuiles [7 June 1788] (1890)
Image: Arthur Young (1741-1820)

VI. From Estates General to National Assembly
A. The Question of Voting: Answering Sièyes
B. A Turning Point: The Tennis Court Oath (20 June 1789)

From Constitutional Monarchy to Republic

Read for discusison in class: The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (26 August 1789) in Censer & Hunt, 45-47, Louis-Marie Prudhomme, “On the Influence of the Revolution on Women” (1791), in Censer & Hunt, 79-81, and Marie Olympe de Gouges, The Rights of Woman (1791) [Canvas]

I. Introduction: Jacques-Louis David’s Tennis Court Oath

Image: Inaugural Ceremonies at the Estates General, 5 May 1789
Image: Jacques-Louis David, The Tennis Court Oath
Text: An Annotation of The Tennis Court Oath
Image: The Tennis Court as it appears today

II. Dismantling the Seigneurial Order in Rural France
A. Pressure from Below: The ‘Great Fear’ and the Storming of the Bastille
B. The August Decrees and the Declaration of the Rights of Man

Excursus: Top Ten Grievances on the Eve of the Revolution
Image: An Eighteenth-Century View of the Bastille
Image: The Storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789
Text: The August Decrees (1789)
Image: The Salle du Manège, seat of the National Assembly

III. Disussion: The Declaration, Prudhomme, and Marie Olympe de Gouges

Image right: Jean-François Carteaux (1751-1813), Louis XVI, roi de France (1791). 306 cm x 322 cm. Musée nationale du Château de Versailles. This equestrian portrait of Louis XVI is typical of the complex blend of revolutionary and monarchical symbolism that characterized the first phase of the revolution in France. The king's equestrian pose continues an ancient mode of representing royal authority visually. Louis also wears medallions of the Orders of Saint-Esprit and of the Golden Fleece. But his uniform is red, the color of the city of Paris, not white, the color of the French royal dynasty. In his right hand, Louis carries an épée with the legend La Loi, as if to suggest that the king's authority is no longer absolute, but an executive office in the service of a sovereign legislature. Image source: L'Histoire par l'Image.

IV. Sources of Unity
A. Euphoria and Revolutionary Possibilism
B. Symbolizing Unity: The Revolution's First Anniversary (14 July 1790)

Map: The Départements of Revolutionary France (1790)
Image: Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of Lafayette at the Festival of the Federation (1790)

V. Sources of Division
A. Religion: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the Emergence of Counterrevolutionary Opposition
B. Politics: Clubs, Legislation, and the ‘General Will’
C. Power: Local versus Central Authority
D. Class: Nobility under the Constitutional Monarchy

Image: Commemorative Plate on the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790)
Map: Non-juring priests, by department (1791)
Image: The Jacobin Club (Exterior)
Image: The Jacobin Club (Interior)
Image: An Assignat (1791)
Image: A Coffer of Assignats
Image: Louis-Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, a.k.a. Philippe Égalité