The Process of Genocide

Read for discussion in class: Bergen, War & Genocide, chapter 7; and
• Gitta Sereny, Into That Darkness, parts II-III

I. The Concentration Camp Universe
A. Phases in the Development of the Camp System
B. Diversity of the Camp System
C. Labor versus Genocide: Contradictions of the Camp System

Map: 'Wild' Concentration Camps (1933-1934)
Map: Major Concentration Camps and Satellite Camps (1939-1945)
Chart: The Changing Composition of the Emsland Camps (1933-1945)

II. Discussion: Sereny, Into That Darkness, parts II-III

Photo: The Treblinka Memorial 

III. The Process of Genocide
A. Industrial Idiom: Mass-Produced Death
B. The “Operation T-4” Model
C. “Operation Reinhard”
D. Technologies of Genocide

Chart: Holocaust Victims by Country of Origin
Graph: Places of Death in the Holocaust
Chart: Camps and Vicitms

AktionReinhard

Ghettos and Extermination Camps in Poland, 1941-1944

Map: Nazi Camps and Sites of Execution
Map: The Buchenwald Concentration Camp (1945)
Map: The Stutthof Concentration Camp (1945)
Map: The Mauthausen Concentration Camp (1945)
Map: The Ravensbrück Concentration Camp (1945)
Image: Theodor Eicke, Inspector of Concentration Camps
Image: Oswald Pohl, Head of the "Economic and Administrative Main Office" (Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungs-Hauptamt, or WVHA)

Chart: Floorplan of Hartheim Castle (Operation T4)
Chart: Floorplan of the Chelmno "Castle"
Map: Chelmno, 1941
Aerial Photo: Chelmno, 1941
Photo: Chelmno Gas Van, 1945
Photo: "Saurer" Van

Chart: Flow Chart for "Operation T4"
Chart: Flow Chart for "Operation Reinhard," Auschwitz, and Majdanek

Map: Belzec, December 1942
Map: Sobibor, June 1943
Aerial Photo: Sobibor, ca. 1942
Map: Treblinka, ca. August 1943

Map: Auschwitz-Birkenau, August 1944
Aerial Photo: Auschwitz-Birkenau, 13 September 1944
Aerial Photo: "Krematorium II" and "Krematorium III," 25 August 1944
Photo: "Selektion" in Birkenau, ca. June 1944
Photo: "Selektion" in Birkenau, ca. June 1944
Photo: "Selektion" in Birkenau, ca. June 1944


Murder Rates in “Operation Reinhard”
 
Belzec
Sobibór
Treblinka
1st period of operation:
17 March-June 1942
16 May-July 1942
23 July-28 August 1942
Estimated capacity (each):
150-200
140-160
450-600
Number of gas chambers:
3
3
3
Total Victims (1st period):
100,000
90,000
215,000
Conversion period:
May-June 1942
November-December 1942
August-September 1942
2nd period of operation:
21 July 1942-January 1943
December 1942-December 1943
November 1942-December 1943
Number of gas chambers:
6
6
6
Estimated capacity (each):
200-250
200-250
200-250
Total victims (2d period):
600,000
240,000
700,000
Total: High estimate (Adam):
700,000
330,000
915,000
Total: Low estimate (Hilberg):
550,000
200,000
750,000

Sources: Uwe D. Adam, Judenpolitik im Dritten Reich (Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 19720); Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, rev. ed., 3 vols. (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1985).