Presentations authored or co-authored by members of the Freyd Dynamics Lab at the
|
Allard, C. A., Freyd, J. J., & Goldberg, L. R. (2005).
Are All Traumatic Events Equal? Further Research Using the BBTS. Poster to be
presented at the
21st Annual Meeting of the International Society
for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto ON, Canada, November 2-5, 2005.
Gray, M., Cromer, L, Freyd, J.J. (2005) Betrayal trauma,
acculturation & historical grief in Native Americans. Poster to be presented
at the 21st
Annual Meeting of the International Society
for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, November 2-5, 2005.
Klest, B. & Freyd, J.J. (2005) Dissociation and Memory
for Neutral and traumatic Stories. Poster to be presented at the 21st Annual
Meeting of the
International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, November 2-5, 2005.
Martin, C.G., Cromer, L., Filgas-Heck, R. & Freyd, J.J.
(2005) ADHD Symptomatology and Teachers' Perceptions of Maltreatment Effects.
Poster
to be presented at the 21st Annual Meeting of the International
Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, November
2-5, 2005.
![]() |
Allard, C. A., Freyd, J. J., & Goldberg, L. R. (2005).Are All Traumatic Events Equal? Further Research Using the BBTS.Full Poster:
The Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey (BBTS; Goldberg & Freyd, 2004) assesses
potentially traumatic childhood and adulthood experiences, which can be
categorized as high in betrayal (HB) or low in betrayal (LB) depending on
whether the perpetrator was close or not close to the respondent. Previous
research has provided support for betrayal trauma theory (Freyd, 1996) in
revealing that, while LB predicts psychological distress in adulthood, HB
traumas explain significantly more of the predictive variance. In the present
study, changes in the BBTS were introduced in an effort to increase its
interpretability and validity, and further tests of betrayal trauma theory
are being conducted. Our preliminary findings are consistent with previous
research in that HB events significantly predict higher levels of dissociation,
depression, and anxiety symptoms than do LB events. In our sample of young
adults, childhood HB events alone, and not events experienced in adulthood,
predict increased symptomatology. Furthermore, those childhood HB events
that were directly experienced explain the most variance, whereas those
that were witnessed or heard about do not contribute to the predictive associations.
These findings have implications for conceptualizations of traumas, their
sequelae, and their treatment. |
![]() |
Gray, M., Cromer, L, Freyd, J.J. (2005).Betrayal trauma, acculturation & historical grief in Native Americans.Full Poster:
Since European contact, Native Americans have experienced loss of life,
land, and culture causing intergenerational trauma and unresolved grief
(Yellow Horse Brave Heart & DeBruyn, 1998). Not surprisingly, identification
with Native American heritage has been found to be affected by the individual's
level of acculturation, or resistance to, dominant white culture, as well
as ownership of traditional customs and beliefs (Garrett & Pichette,
2000). Acculturation studies in the extant literature report ways to measure
acculturation and discuss the relationship between acculturation and psychological
health. They do not however, examine the relationship of acculturation to
intergenerational trauma. The current research documents prevalence rates
of historical grief and betrayal trauma to better understand how these relate
to acculturation. Native Americans in Oregon (N=45) participated in the
study. Participants completed the Historical Losses Scale (Whitbeck et al.,
2004), Native American Acculturation Scale (Garrett & Pichette, 2000)
and the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey (Goldberg & Freyd, under review).
As predicted betrayal trauma is negatively correlated to acculturation r
= .27, p <.05, meaning that Native Americans who are less acculturated
to dominant white culture experience more trauma. Results are discussed
in relation to historical losses and Native American diversity. |
![]() |
Klest, B. & Freyd, J.J. (2005).Dissociation and Memory for Neutral and traumatic Stories.Full Poster:
Previous research has consistently found a positive correlation between
history of trauma and dissociation, and recent research (DePrince and Freyd,
1999; 2004) suggests that people who score high on a measure of dissociation
may have enhanced abilities at dividing attention and suppressing traumatic
information from consciousness. The current study set out to replicate these
findings using more complex stimuli than have been used previously. Fifty-two
subjects, half scoring high and half low on the Dissociative Experiences
Scale, watched neutral videos while listening to neutral and trauma related
stories. High dissociators remembered significantly more than low dissociators
when listening to neutral stories, and performed no differently than low
dissociators when listening to trauma related stories. This interaction
was significant, t (50) = 1.72, p < .05 (one-tailed), and this finding
is consistent with previous research. |
![]() |
Martin, C.G., Cromer, L., Filgas-Heck, R. & Freyd, J.J. (2005).ADHD Symptomatology and Teachers' Perceptions of Maltreatment Effects.Full Poster:
Stimulant medication sales increased 500 percent between 1991 and 1999 (U.S.
Drug Enforcement Agency, 2000). The American Academy of Pediatrics has called
the increase in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis
an epidemic (2000). Is ADHD over-diagnosed? Is it misdiagnosed? Weinstein
et al. (2000) report that ADHD presentation in children resembles trauma
symptoms. Further, maltreated children are often diagnosed with both ADHD
and PTSD (McLeer et al., 1994; Famularo et al., 1996). Phenotypic similarity
between ADHD and trauma symptomatology calls etiology into question. Because
of teachers' important roles in children's lives, this study examines teachers'
views about this dialectic. Teachers (N = 156) worldwide (85% U.S., 7.1%
Canada, 3.2% Asia, 1.3% from Australia and 4.5% unidentified) completed
an internet survey and described maltreatment effects on students. Responses
were compared to ADHD diagnostic criteria. For neglect 74.1% of learning
and 72.8% of behavioral effects identified were also ADHD symptoms. For
abuse, 56.9% of learning and 55.4% of behavioral effects identified were
also ADHD symptoms. Implications for neglected and abused children identified
as having ADHD are discussed. |
Betrayal Trauma Research |
Our Full Text Articles on Trauma |
AAAS 2004 presentations |
ISTSS 2004 presentations |
APA 2004 Annual Meeting presentations |