Ptolemy (and the Greeks)===> Geocentric Models

Ptolemy was not the originator of the geo-centric model, rather, he was the one
who developed the most sophisticated version of the geo-centric model. His model
was one of essentially wheels turning on wheels with the Earth sitting inside of
the smallest wheel:
Each planet appeared to move on an circle known
as an epicycle whose center
connected to a
larger circle known as the deferent.
This convoluted construction led to
retrograde motion by adjusting the rate at which the planet moved along its epicycle
and the rate at which the center of the epicycle moved along the deferent.
However, the motions of the planets in the sky are not modeled well by simple circular
motions such as above. To further model nonsteady speeds of planets in
their orbits, equants and
eccentric
were introduced (see above). The breaking of the elegant notion of uniform motion along a
circle was a major sticking point of the Ptolemaic model.
The model although cumbersome (and silly by today's standards),
served its purpose in that it was consistent with the
observations and physics of the day.