Part II: General Essay on the course. Half of the credit for this essay will be based on your analysis/argument and half on your use of supporting evidence (that is, reference to specific ancient sources whether written or monumental).

What were the most important factor(s) that promoted urbanization in each of these periods:

• the Ancient Near East,
• in the Greek city state,
• in the Roman Empire (after Augustus) and
• in the High Middle Ages (after AD 1050)?

Though you may re-use the same factor for different periods, you must develop at least four different ones in your essay.

[Suggestion: consider the roles of religion, consensual government, control of water, administration of law and justice, etc.]