"There is an immense literature." With these encouraging (or, perhaps, ominous) words from the brief bibliography appended to the article "Oxford Movement" in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, I began my quest. The sesquicentennial year of 1983 was just beginning, promising a sudden spate of books and articles on the subject that would not only make the literature even more immense but also provide an obvious cut-off for the chronological scope of the book. (As it turned out, I was able to include many later items, through 1987; the total number of citations is 5,688, including the many interpolations that came to light during the year-long process of preparing the manuscript.) The first task was to define the scope of the project, and the easiest way to explain the decisions made is by way of commentary on the book's title.
The Oxford Movement
Many have used the term "Oxford Movement" so loosely that it means the entire Catholic movement in the Church of England, from 1833 to the present; many others have defined it more narrowly, taking their cue from the title of R. W. Church's classic study, The Oxford Movement: Twelve Years, 1833-1845. For purposes of this book, I have defined "Oxford Movement" as referring to the first, or "Tractarian," generation of the Catholic movement, beginning with Keble's Assize Sermon of 1833 and ending with the Gorham Judgment of 1850 -- the latter being a decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which confirmed Keble's worst fears. I have also included those writings referring to a later period which use the term "Oxford Movement," "Tractarian," or "Puseyite/Puseyism" in their title. However, I have not included titles where "Oxford Movement" is used to mean F. N. D. Buchman's Oxford Group (Moral Rearmament); or "Tractarian," to refer to Ludwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
... and Its Leaders
By "leaders," I mean John Keble, John Henry Newman, and Edward Bouverie Pusey. For Keble and Pusey, I have tried to list everything written about them, whether in connection with the Oxford Movement or not; for this reason, some items cited were published before 1833. For Newman, it would be both impossible and irrelevant to follow the same course. I have therefore limited the Newman citations to the following categories:
1) items dealing exclusively or primarily with the first (Anglican) half of his life;
2) items dealing with aspects of his life that were especially important in his Oxford period (e.g., preaching, poetry, use of history);
3) general studies by recognized Anglican authors (presumed to have at least a qualitative emphasis on the first half of his life);
4) bibliographic studies, including exhibit catalogs.
Since Newman's Apologia pro Vita Sua is not only by Newman but also about him and the Movement, I have included both major editions of the text and commentaries on it. However, because of the large number of items, many of which do not refer directly to the biographical or theological content of the work, I have placed these in an appendix rather then have them complicate the basic sequence of citations.
A Bibliography
I have attempted to present as comprehensive a bibliography as possible, including books, pamphlets, theses, chapters in books, periodical articles, manuscripts, microforms, and tape recordings. (I did not find any motion pictures or filmstrips.) The only materials excluded because of format were articles in general circulation newspapers and those in magazines designed primarily for a particular parish or diocese.
... of Secondary and Lesser Primary Sources
The major primary sources which have been excluded (with the exceptions noted below) are the separately published works of the "leaders" named above, and the following collective works: The British Critic (a periodical edited by Newman); The Lives of the English Saints; Lyra Apostolica (poems by Keble, Newman, and others); and Tracts for the Times. Since the less prominent members of the movement (including R. H. Froude, whose prominence was so brief that he is easily forgotten or overlooked) are not easily identifiable by all who might wish to do so, it seemed useful to include their "primary" works along with the "secondary" works of others. Since one of the purposes of this bibliography is to chronicle people's interest in the Movement, I have included those editions of the major primary sources published after the death of the author, or translations published at any time.
Format
The sequence of entries is chronological, thus providing a history of interest in the Movement. Within each year, entries are arranged as follows: first, books and other separately-published items, arranged by author; next, chapters in books (including articles in encyclopedias), arranged by editor (or, in some cases, by title); finally, articles in periodicals, arranged by periodical title. At the end of the chronological sequence are several special categories: works in preparation; works in press; and "bibliographic ghosts," i.e., questionable citations that could not be verified from any standard source. As mentioned above, an appendix lists major editions of Newman's Apologia and a large number of commentaries on it.
As much as possible, the authors' names are given as they appear in the publication, with full name given in the author index. In the case of an anonymous work whose authorship has been identified, the full name is given in brackets. If the last name only is given, the full forenames are given in brackets; and, in the case of bishops referred to by forename(s) and title, the surname is given in brackets. In the title section of the citation, forename or initials are supplied in brackets when last name only is given (except for well-known figures), and all persons referred to by ecclesiastical title are identified by name. Likewise, all dates given in terms of the liturgical calendar are identified by the corresponding dates from the civil calendar.
Although this is not an annotated bibliography in the usual sense of the term, there are many annotations. Some explain a title that is incomplete, ambiguous, or misleading; others explain how the subject of the work cited is related to the Movement. Most annotations are bibliographic, relating the item to earlier or subsequent appearances of the same material; or relating an item to another written in reply to it, and vice versa.
To enable the user to find specific items within the chronological sequence, there are three indexes: by author, subject, and periodical title. The author index includes personal and corporate authors, pseudonyms, anonyms, and titles of works published separately without any of the foregoing. The subject index includes form headings, e.g., Lectures, Letters, Novels, Reminiscences, Sermons, Theses. The index by periodical title (including annuals) should be a useful feature, since many of the nineteenth-century articles were published anonymously and reflect the "personality" of the magazine as well as that of the author.
Acknowledgements
I should like to express my appreciation to the American Theological Library Association, the University of Oregon Graduate School, and the University of Oregon Library Faculty for financial assistance. I should also like to thank H. Boone Porter, Editor of the The Living Church, and Geoffrey Rowell, Chaplain of Keble College, Oxford, for their interest and encouragement throughout the course of the project, and for reviewing portions of the prefatory material. I am also indebted to Gwen Averley, editor of the Nineteenth Century Short Title Catalogue; Peter Cobb, co- editor of Revolution by Tradition [no. 5211]; and Jean H. Slingerland, executive editor, The Wellesley Index, for sharing bibliographical information not yet published; and to James David Earnest for permission to quote from his and Gerard Tracey's John Henry Cardinal Newman: An Annotated Bibliography of His Tract and Pamphlet Collection [no. 5O98]. An additional note of appreciation is due Joanne Halgren, Interlibrary Loan librarian at the University of Oregon, for obtaining a number of the items cited.
It would be impossible to list the many people who have supplied information by mail; however, I should like to pay tribute to the following individuals and institutions for graciously responding to three or more requests: Oscar Burdick and Judy Clarence, Graduate Theological Union Library, Berkeley, California; Prof. R. W. Franklin, St. John's University, Collegeville, Minnesota; Prof. John R. Griffin, University of Southern Colorado; Linda Hartig, Nashotah House Library; Elinor S. Hearn, Archives of the Episcopal Church; Peter Meadows and H. R. Smythe, Pusey House, Oxford; Warren C. Platt, New York Public Library; Catherine B. Richard, Oriel College Library, Oxford; Gloria Sieben, St. Mary of the Lake Seminary Library, Mundelein, Illinois; Newland F. Smith, United Library, Garrett- Evangelical Seabury-Western Theological Seminaries, Evanston, Illinois; Prof. G. B. Tennyson, University of California, Los Angeles; Sr. Therese, O.S.B., Mt. Angel Abbey Library, St. Benedict, Oregon; Prof. Frank M. Turner, Yale University; and the library staffs of the Bodleian Library, Oxford; the British Library; Duke University; Fordham University; Gonzaga University; Harvard University; Library of Congress; New York Public Library; Princeton Theological Seminary; St. Louis University; University of California, Berkeley; University of Iowa; University of Minnesota; University of Portland; and Yale University.
Lawrence N. Crumb
University of Oregon Library
Eugene, Oregon 97403