550-450 BCE: Laozi, first great Daoist
350-250 BCE: Zhuangzi, second great Daoist

Daoism: Laozi and Zhuangzi

1. Laozi and Zhuangzi, the founding figures of Daoism

Laozi: The Old Master

1. The Popularity of the Laozi
2. The legend of the Book of Laozi, otherwise known as:
3. The Daodejing (Book of the Way and the Power/Virtue)
4. The emergence of the myriad things out of the unspoken Dao

1. Oneness and Twoness: Yin and Yang Nonduality
   1. Activity and Receptivity; Light and Dark
   2. Differentiation and Oneness; Being and Nonbeing
   3. Peak and Valley; Male Principle and Female Principle
2. Verse and the Expression of Daoist Philosophy

Zhuangzi: The Village Master

1. The Book of Zhuangzi
2. The Character Zhuangzi versus the Author Zhuangzi
3. The Problem: Mental Static
   1. Too much thinking, wrong-headed thinking
   2. Great Understanding and Little Understanding (p. 32)
4. Perspectivalism -> Dissolution of Boundaries -> Oneness (pp. 40-41, 44, 38)
5. Living in the Dao: The Hinge and the Socket (p. 35)
6. Populating the Dao:
   1. Cook Ding (pp. 45-46)
   2. Crippled Shu and the Madman of Chu (pp. 61-62)
   3. Woodworker Qing (p. 129)
7. Three Uses of Language
   1. Logical Analysis: Beginning, This & That (pp. 38, 35)
   2. Language of Scale: Myth
      1. The Kun Fish and the Peng Bird (p. 23)
      2. The Quail and the Peng Bird (p. 25)
   3. Paradox (p. 38)

• Laozi (Lao Tzu) vs Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu)
• Retreat from world vs Living in the world but not be of it
• Laozi: agrarian ideal - return to small farming communities
• Both emphasize Undoing, rather than Doing, but Zhuangzi is more internal than Laozi