Name: __________________________ Date: _____________


1.
The idea that changes in behavior and body occur as a result of biologically based changes that follow an orderly sequence is referred to as:
A.
development
B.
veridical transformation
C.
maturation
D.
the Piagetian theory of development


2.
Most psychologists believe that development, like intelligence or personality, reflects the action and mutual influence of genes and environment. The most important question concerning nature and nurture is:
A.
How much does each contribute?
B.
How do nature and nurture interact
C.
How can environmental factors be maximized?
D.
Which is more important, nature or nurture?


3.
The neurological basis for critical periods lies in both the _____ and _____ of neuron connections.
A.
stimulation; deactivation
B.
sprouting; pruning
C.
integration; regeneration
D.
condensing; reassigning


4.
At an early point in their lives, it has been argued that Siamese cats will attach themselves to one person and hate all others. While they may tolerate others, there is only one person they will truly like. It is also believed that there is a time frame during which the cat will become attached to that special someone. Thus, it appears that there exists a _____ in Siamese cats.
A.
sensitive period
B.
critical period
C.
development constraint
D.
behavioral invariance


5.
I believe that one's capability to feel love is greatly based on the experiences a person has growing up, particularly from 4-6 years of age. I also think that there are experiences subsequent in time that can affect the development of the feeling of love. Those experiences, however, are not nearly as powerful as the 4-6 age range. I am arguing for:
A.
sensitive periods
B.
critical periods
C.
development constraints
D.
behavioral invariance


6.
The notion of stages assumes that, as development occurs, the person changes:
A.
quantitatively
B.
qualitatively
C.
predictably
D.
both a and b


7.
According to one view, development is _____, characterized more by steady and gradual change than by major transformations.
A.
ongoing
B.
continuous
C.
discrete
D.
cumulative


8.
Cross-sectional studies are useful for providing a snapshot of _____,but are limited in that they do not directly assess _____.
A.
age changes; age differences
B.
age differences; age changes
C.
innate ability; environmental influence
D.
environmental influence; innate ability


9.
We often hear that there exist different age groups, such as Gen Xers, Baby Boomers, and Millenials. The psychological term for such things is:
A.
confounding variable
B.
cross-correlated factor
C.
cohorts
D.
interdependent variables


10.
During prenatal development, during which period is the individual capable of sustaining life on its own?
A.
gestation
B.
embryonic
C.
germinal
D.
fetal


11.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages of prenatal development?
A.
fetal, embryonic, germinal
B.
embryonic, germinal, fetal
C.
germinal, fetal, embryonic
D.
germinal, embryonic, fetal


12.
Environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus are referred to as:
A.
toxins
B.
teratogens
C.
rooting factors
D.
pharmacologicals


13.
The most recent research indicates that women _____ should abstain from alcohol because the detrimental effects seem to be highest during the _____ of pregnancy.
A.
trying to conceive; the first few weeks
B.
in the first trimester; the embryonic period
C.
in the second trimester; the embryonic period
D.
in the third trimester; the fetal period


14.
The pace of development is believed to be affected by:
A.
environmental stimulation
B.
culture
C.
genetics
D.
hormone levels


15.
To better understand the cognitive capabilities of infants, new methods were introduced. Which is NOT one of those methods?
A.
orienting reflex
B.
habituation
C.
sensory adaptation
D.
fixation time


16.
Research indicates that, as an infant habituates to stimuli, his or her sucking rate:
A.
increases
B.
declines
C.
stabilizes
D.
becomes erratic


17.
The ability of infants to recognize their mother's voice occurs:
A.
at 1 month
B.
at 2 months
C.
at 2 weeks
D.
prenatally


18.
According to Piaget, knowledge:
A.
is innate
B.
comes from experience
C.
is, for the most part, a reflection of one's culture
D.
is invented


19.
Piaget referred to _____ as the interpretation of actions or events in terms of one's present schemas.
A.
assimilation
B.
accommodation
C.
cognitive processing
D.
compromise functions


20.
Piaget argued that _____ is the modification of schemas to fit reality.
A.
assimilation
B.
accommodation
C.
cognitive processing
D.
compromise functions


21.
A child of what stage is incapable of seeing the world from anyone else's viewpoint or perspective?
A.
sensorimotor
B.
preoperational
C.
concrete operational
D.
both a and b


22.
The idea that objects exists independently of us and independently of them being seen is referred to as:
A.
conservation
B.
object permanence
C.
formal operational thought
D.
both a and b


23.
According to Piaget, during the ____ stage, children are capable of mentally manipulating internal representations of objects in ways that are reversible.
A.
preoperational
B.
formal operational
C.
concrete operational
D.
abstract operational


24.
The ability to manipulate abstract and concrete objects, events, and ideas mentally occurs during the _____ stage.
A.
sensorimotor
B.
preoperational
C.
concrete operational
D.
formal operational


25.
Which is NOT a criticism of Piaget's theory?
A.
he overestimated the capacities of children and infants
B.
he focused too heavily on rational thinking
C.
he assumed that a child's thinking was at one stage or another
D.
all are criticisms of Piaget's theory


26.
According to the information-processing approach to cognitive development, _____ refers to the process of executing mental processes with increasing efficiency.
A.
metacognition
B.
transitivity
C.
operational maximization
D.
automatization


27.
The problem of long-term memory in older people appears to be due to:
A.
encoding information
B.
retrieving information
C.
learning
D.
expressing knowledge implicitly


28.
Of the following, which is likely to show a deficit by older people?
A.
remembering a string of digits
B.
memory of events between the age of 10 and 30
C.
multi-tasking
D.
all of the above are deficits exhibited by older people


29.
According to the textbook, fluid intelligence peaks in _____ and crystallized intelligence _____.
A.
childhood; decline after adolescence
B.
adolescence; plateaus during late adulthood
C.
mid-adulthood; increases throughout most of life
D.
none of the above


30.
If you want your child to be able to perform sign language like a “native,” you will need to start them before:
A.
adolescence
B.
they start college
C.
they start elementary school
D.
they finish college