Judicial Power

Section 1. The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in
such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both
of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at
stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their
continuance in office.

Section 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this
Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their
authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a
party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another
state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under
grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens
or subjects.

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state
shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before
mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such
exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be
held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within
any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.

Section 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in
adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason
unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason
shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted.