In lieu of a test, a student may opt to turn in a
written paper, length, 6-8 pages based on multiple outside references
(grading
<a href="http://pages.uoregon.edu/~imamura/123cs/exams/paper_rubric.html">
rubric</a>).
The paper may be a report on some topic rather than a research paper. 
Students must speak with the Instructor (me) before settling on 
a topic and writing a paper.