WARTHOG 2023

Categorified Coulomb Branches

Workshop on Algebra and Representation Theory, Held on Oregonian Grounds

July 10-14, 2023
University of Oregon
Eugene, OR

Expected background and suggested reading

For this WARTHOG workshop to be effective, we decided that students should be familiar with algebraic geometry and coherent sheaves before the workshop begins. Similarly, we hope students are familiar with homological algebra. Do not worry if you do not have this prerequisite yet, it should not be difficult to read up before the workshop begins, but you should definitely expect to put in some time to get practice with this material. One should expect that the workshop will review the important facts and give examples — no one is expected to be an expert — but we cannot expect anyone who's never seen a coherent sheaf or an interesting short exact sequence of coherent sheaves to be able to follow most of the lectures.

The main topics in our background list, sorted in order of priority, are:

  • Algebraic geometry and coherent sheaves (essential).
  • Elements of homological algebra (very important).
  • Additional algebraic geometry (optional but advantageous).
  • Representation theory (optional but advantageous).

    For each of these we'll give a list of concepts, like coherent sheaf or adjoint functor, and we indicate whether we want participants to be well-practiced with the concept (internalized the definition, worked examples and exercises) or just familiar with the concept (thought about the definition, seen examples, have a feeling for what goes into it). Work your way down the priority list; if you already know the essential material, use your prep time to read ahead on the optional material, or to become more well-versed with the concepts you're only familiar with.

    We will be setting up a Googlegroup for this workshop, and we hope this will be a useful forum to ask questions or find online study groups. We give some references and guidance for reading below. Note also that Wikipedia does a good job with many mathematical definitions.


    Algebraic Geometry and Coherent Sheaves. Essential. Everything here should be well-practiced.

  • Quasi-projective variety, vector bundle, smooth vs singular locus.
  • The structure sheaf OX, OX-modules.
  • Coherent sheaves, subs and quotients thereof, morphisms between.
  • The pushforward and pullback of coherent sheaves.

    References: the standard reference [Ha] is a good one, chapters II.1-5. Another good reference with exercises is [Va], Chapters 13 and 16.1-3. For a gentle first introduction, see [Sh] Chapter 1.

  • [Ha] R. Hartshorne, Algebraic Geometry, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer (1977).
  • [Va] R. Vakil, The Rising Sea: Foundations of Algebraic Geometry.
  • [Sh] I. Shafarevich, Basic Algebraic Geometry I, Springer (2013).

    Homological Algebra. Very important. There is a huge amount of machinery under the hood (e.g. abstract triangulated categories, construction of the derived category) which makes the subject more technical to learn, but isn't really used much in computing examples. We want to focus on applications in algebraic geometry.
    Well-practiced:

  • Abelian category. Exact sequence.
  • (Cochain) complex, cohomology of complexes.
  • Left and right exact functors, adjoint functors.
  • Higher derived functors of left (or right) exact functors.
    Familiar:
  • Limits and colimits.
  • Derived categories. Derived functors between them.
  • (More advanced) t-structures.

    References: The goal is perhaps to understand [Hu] Chapter 3, while returning to chapters 1 and 2 or to other references as needed, while not overemphasizing their machinery. Another good reference is chapters 1 and 2 of [Or]. The notes [Ca] give a loose exposition of this material, with examples and applications in algebraic geometry. A solid and comprehensive textbook is [We], but with no applications to algebraic geometry.

  • [Or] D. Orlov, Derived categories of coherent sheaves and equivalences between them, Russian Math Surveys (2003).
  • [Hu] Huybrechts, Fourier-Mukai transforms in algebraic geometry, Oxford Mathematical Monographs (2006).
  • [We] C. Weibel, An Introduction to Homological Algebra, Cambridge studies in advanced mathematics (1994).
  • [Ca] A. Caldararu, Derived categories of sheaves: a skimming, Lecture notes on arXiv (2005).

    Additional algebraic geometry. Advantageous, but optional. Begin with familiarity, and gain practice if time.

  • Locally free sheaves, and flat sheaves.
  • Cohomology of sheaves, but mostly as an example of a derived pushforward.
  • Serre duality.
  • Equivariant sheaves.

    References: [Ha], [Va] Part V, [Ca]. Perhaps more references will be added here later.

    Representation theory. Advantageous, but optional. Again, this is a huge field with a massive amount of machinery going into the proofs, but we will more be interested in using the results and playing with examples than knowing how they are proven. Begin with familiarity, and gain practice if time. Focus on GLn.

  • Algebraic groups, and simple algebraic groups.
  • Cartan and Borel subgroups.
  • Weights and roots.
  • The highest-weight classification of finite-dimensional representations.

    References: An efficient route through this material can be found in [Ta], Chapters 1-3. The classic reference is [FH], Chapters 11-13 and 15.

  • [Ta] J. Taylor, Finite Reductive Groups.
  • [FH] W. Fulton and J. Harris, Representation theory: a first course, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer (1991).


    Notes on further pre-reading

    Even though one of the most-studied objects in this workshop will be the affine Grassmannian, there is not an immense amount to be gained by reading up on it beforehand. It is hard to find an appropriate introduction with exercises, and there are many distracting technicalities. The techniques for working with the affine Grassmannian will be introduced during the workshop. Participants who are still interested in gaining familiarity with the affine Grassmannian could try the short survey [El].

  • [El] C. Elliot, The affine Grassmannian.

    Of course, the expert participant is encouraged to read the papers on which this workshop will be based (see below), though this is not expected of most participants.


    Additional references

    The content of the lectures will be aimed at understanding the following papers (but you will not need to read them):

  • [CW] S. Cautis and H. Williams, Cluster theory of the Coherent Satake Category.
  • [CW2] S. Cautis and H. Williams, Canonical bases for Coulomb branches of 4D N=2 gauge theories.

    More topic-adjacent references to come.