Maa

Sh - sh

sh n. Letter combination representing the Maa voiceless alveopalatal fricative [ʃ]. NOTE: Some words that start with sh may be found under the letter c in this dictionary. This is because in central and southern Maa dialects, Camus and North Samburu, [ʃ] is in an allophonic relationship with the affricate [tʃ], which is represented by the letter c. ɛncán rain. ɛnâ shá this rain. Míntóki ashalú mɨ́kɨ́yɨm aké kʉnâ báa. Don't become weak, lest these events pass you by. (Pk). Íyaú ɛldɛ̂ shatá mátɨpɨk ɛnkɨ́má. Bring that piece of firewood so that we can put it in the fire. See: ɛn-catá ‘Firewood’.

a-shá₁ [North]: a-cá. PF: -sha (without an extra -a at the end). v.prog. 1 • To rain. Ɛ́táshá ŋolé tɛ Nárɔk. It rained yesterday in Narok. (Pk). Tʉ́mʉra shʉ́mátá ɛ́ nkaji amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kɛ́sha. Plaster the roof of the house because it is about to rain. Ɨ́ncɔɔ ɛlɛ̂ ɔtasháíkíá nɛ́ákʉ́ kɛ́ɨ́lɨ́bɨ́lɨb ɨnkɨ́laní ɛnɛɛ́yɨm. Let this one pass who was rained on and his clothes became wet. Kɛ́nyɔ́rɨ ɨnkʉjɨ́t oshî táatá amʉ̂ kɛ́sháɨ́ta. The grass is green because it is raining. Áísídáí enkíjiapɛ oshî táatá amʉ̂ kɛ́sháɨ́ta. The weather is good because it is raining. Kóre tɛ nɛ́tashá ŋolé ánáátá kinotô ɛnkárɛ́ nekíntukúyie inkíshú. If it could have rained yesterday, we could have gotten water that we (could) spray/wash cows with. (W). ashá mɛtúdūŋī ɔldîâ enkíôk To rain very heavily (lit: to rain until the ear of a dog is cut). acakɨ́ To rain on (S). See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain (noun)’.

2 • To dance. In SN, this word more centrally indicates 'dance' than does a-rány. See: a-rány ‘To sing and dance’; a-pirrí ‘To jump up and down’; a-igurán ‘To play, sing’.

shááâ ideo. Sound made by a boiling liquid. Ɛgɨ́ra emóti ajó shááâ tɛ nákatá. The pot is boiling. (lit: The pot is saying "shaa" right now.).

shaakê [North] adv. [North] Usual, always, as usual. Kémelók alɛ́ retétī shaakê. This fig tree is sweet always. (SN).

shâî Variant: sháái. Nom sg: form listed above. kk clearly has two moras in this word.. n. Tea. Ɛbɛbɛ́k ɛná sháī olêŋ. This tea is very weak/think. (W). Átóóko ɛnâ shái ŋolé. I drank this tea yesterday. (W). Nákítok téyiarakɨ́ siî íyíé kʉlɔ̂ payianí sháai. Woman, make tea for these men. Borrowed word: Swahili chai 'tea'; via Arabic shay, via Turkish, via Mandarin Chinese cha. Or from Portuguese via Japanese via Mandarin Chinese cha.

shakéni Nom sg: shákeni. Acc pl: shakeniní, ɨl-cakeniní. Nom pl: shákeniní, ɨl-cákeniní. n. Witness, evidence, declaration, testimony. Nánʉ́ táatá ólo aitayú shákéni. I am the one who will give a testimoney (testify; lit. remove testimony). (Pk). Áíkíyíéúní níló aakʉ́ olcákéní tɛ nkigúana. You are wanted to be a witness in the meeting. (Pk). Máapé doí íntayú shákéni peê ɛrɨshá lɛlɔ̂ tʉŋaná. Let us go and you give your evidence so that peace will be made between these people. See: a-ishakenú ‘To testify’. Syn: shákénisho ‘Testimony’.

shákénisho n. Testimony. Népūōnū náa tanáa ɛ́sáâ ɛ́ shákénisho They come [to church] if it is the session for testimonies.

a-shál [North]: a-cál. v. 1 • To be physically weak, lazy; unable to work. Óre ɔltʉŋáni ɔshál nɛ́mɛ̄ɨ̄dɨm ataása esíáai. A weak person is not able to work. Káke ɛshál ɛnâ áyíóní; ɛnɛ́mɛ́ɨ́dɨ́mʉ nɨnyɛ́ olkúoo. But this boy is very weak; he cannot even carry a kid/lamb. (Pk). Ɛ́táshálá. He is just about to die. ɔltʉŋáni ɔshál a person who is weak/lazy/unalbe to work.

2 • [North] To be worn out, tired (the condition coming on graduatlly). acalá To be worn out, weakened (S).

3 • To be wet. Míntóki abukoó inkáríák ti áji amʉ̂ kɛ́ɨ́táshal. Stop pouring out (containers of) waters because it makes the house wet. (Pk).

4 • To be irritable. Káshāl olêŋ. I am very irritable (eg., said by a woman during the time of her menstrual period).

5 • To be financially or materially poor. Entókí náɨ́dɨ́m ɨltʉŋaná ɔ́ɔ́shal taá kɨ́ntayu pɔɔkɨ́. We are all going to contribute what is affordable, even to the weakest among us. (Pk). Ɛshál. He is poor.

a-shalú v.incep. To become weak. Míntóki ashalú mɨ́kɨ́yɨm aké kʉnâ báa. Don't become weak, lest these events pass you by. (Pk).

a-ɨtashalúó v.cause v.incep v.mid. To make one's self weak. Ant: a-gól ‘To be strong, hardworking’. See: a-naʉrá ‘To be tired’; a-ɨrɛbúk ‘To be damp’; a-naná ‘To be weak’; kɛ́rɛ́buk ‘Wet’; a-ɨlɨbɨlɨ́b ‘To be wet’.

a-shám [North]: a-cám. v. To love, like, be fond of. Káshām olpayíán. I like the man. (S). Káshām kʉlɔ̂ pagási amʉ̂ kéísupáti. I like these workers because they are good. (SN).

a-shamá v.mid. To agree. See: a-nyɔ́rr ‘To want, like, love’.

shankúl ideo. The sound made by water when sth. dips into it. Étéjó ɛnkárɛ shankúl peê edoikí oltúâ The water made the sound "shankul" when a frog dipped into it. See: a-ɨshankúl ‘To splash water’.

shaŋáā Nom sg: sháŋaá. Acc pl: in-caŋaaní. Nom pl: in-cáŋaaní. n. Usage: negative. Very strong, locally-distilled liquor, made from maize, sugar, etc., like whisky; moonshine. Kéokí shaŋáā. The whiskey will be drunk. Kɛ́pɨ́ ɛná sháŋaá. This whiskey is strong. Borrowed word: Swahili chang'a 'whiskey'.

a-shé [North]: a-cé. v.prog. 1 • To spread a fresh skin or hide using pegs. Ɛgɨ́ráɨ́ áashe olconí lɔ́ ɔladúóó kɨ́tɛ́ŋ. [lɔ́làdúóó kɪ̀tɛ̀ŋ] The hide of the ox that was slaughtered early today is being spread using stick pegs. (Pk). Áshéto. She spreads it (a skin) out. (W).

2 • To lift up, put upright.

3 • To perpetuate sth., typically negative or evil. Óyíēe, émintóki áashe enkárúóísho. Men! Stop perpetuating sth. evil! (Pk). See: a-cé [North] ‘To stretch sth. out’; a-ɨtashé ‘To make stand; stop’; a-sheikí ‘To straighten up on’; a-lɔ́ ‘To spread (eg. clothes to dry in the sun)’.

a-sheikí v. 1 • To straighten up sth. on a flat horizontal or vertical surface.

2 • To perform an action persistently.

a-sheikinó v.mid. 1 • To do persistently, perfrom an action repeatedly or continuously. Míntóki asheikinó osínkólíó amʉ̂ mmíkírét. Stop singing/doing music persistently because it doesn't help you. (Pk).

2 • To confine oneself to a certain activity or place. Míntóki doí asheikinó ɛnâ báɛ amʉ̂ mɛáta tɨ́pat. Stop confining yourself to this affair because it is useless. (Pk).

3 • To lie straight on sth. Káshéíkínó lkitánda. See: a-shé ‘To perpetuate’; a-reikí ‘To keep on doing sth.’.

a-shɛ́p [North]: a-cɛ́p. v. 1 • Traverse; walk alongside. Ɛ́ɨ́lɛ́pá ɔlŋɔ́jɨnɛ ashɛ́p oreyíét. The hyena has gone up the ravine.

2 • Pursue s.o. with an intention of distracting or obtaining an objective. Usage: metaphorical. Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlmʉrraní ashɛ́p ɔlɨkâɨ̂ aorú entítō The warrior is opposing the other one to refuse him to get married to a girl. See: ɔl-ashɛpáni ‘Pursuer’.

a-shɛ́r [North]: a-cɛ́r. Variant: a-shɛ́rr. [North]: a-cár. v.prog. 1 • To belch, burp. Ɛ́tɛ́shɛ́rá ɛnkáyíóní náají peê eraposho kʉlɛ́. The boy belched after drinking milk, and he was satisfied. Kóre peê iwók ɛnâ sóda nají kókikóla náa ɨ́shɛ́r olêŋ. When you drink this soda called Coca Cola you will belch. (W).

2 • To make a unique sound (typically of a morran), to announce entrance into a place, indicte surprise, or annoyance. Ɛtɛ́shɛ́rá náají ɔlmʉrraní peê ɛjɨŋʉ́ ɛnkají áŋ. The warrior made a unique sound when he came into our house. (Pk).

3 • (of bulls) To make a sound of pride, boasting, aggression, in order to call on other bulls to fight or get his own way. Kóre peê eraposho olóíŋóní ɔ́tʉpʉshá náa kɛ́shɛr. When a bull which is pround is satisfied/fed up (and wants to fight), it will "grunt". (W).

a-shɛ́t [North]: a-shɛ́t, a-cɛ́t. v.prog. 1 • To build. Ɛ́shɛ́t. He will construct, make, build(something). Ɛgɨ́ráɨ́ áashɛt ɛnkájí. The house is being built. (Pk). Ɛshɛtʉ́. He will build it for himself. Óu tɛ́shɛta ɛnɛ̂ wúéjî ɛ́ nkají. Come and build this part of the house. (Pk).

2 • To weave; plait (hair, make hair into braids). Ɛ́gɨ́rāɨ̄ áashɛt ɔlmʉ́rráni ɨlpápɨ́t. The warrior is having his hair plaited. (Pk). Ɛshɛtɨ́ta ɨrmʉ́rrân ɨltaɨkân lɛnyɛ̂. The warriors are making their pigtails. (Pk).

3 • To improve one's knowledge or ability, with the intent of achieving a goal. Áshɛ́t kaán matáa náákʉ ɔlaɨgúɛ́nani. I will "build" (improve) myself until I become a chief. (W).

a-shɛtá v.mid. To be made. Káke ɛshɛ́ta áaɨtɔbɨrakɨ intukutukí náaīshopito ɛlɛ̂ mʉrraní. The concave shoes that this warrior are wearing are well made. (Pk). See: a-pɨyáɨ́ ‘To plait’; a-ɛ́n ‘To tie, plait’.

shɛtáni Nom sg: shɛ́tani. n. Satan, devil; chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell. Mɛ́nyɔ̂r shɛ́tani inkiaasîn sídân. Satan does not like good deeds. See: ɔl-ɔɨrírūā ‘Devil, jiin, spirit’. Borrowed word: Arabic shet'ani 'jiin'? English satan?. See: ɔl-ɔɨrírūā ‘Devil’.

a-shɛtʉ́ v. To build for oneself or one's family. Ágɨ́ra ajó peê ashɛtʉ́ áí. I am planning to build a house for myself. (Pk).

shíáát Nom sg: shiáát. Acc pl: shíáátí. Nom pl: shiaatí. adj. Beautiful, good, interesting. ɛnkɛ́ráí shíáát good/beautiful child. Éíshīāāt osésên káke kémūōī. Physically she is beautiful, but she is sick. Áátaa embúku shíáát. I have a good book. (ie. It has a nice cover, or is interesting to read.) (Pk). See: sídáí ‘Good, beautiful’; súpat ‘Good’.

a-shɨ́k v. To fart.

a-shɨ́l [North]: a-cɨ́l. v. 1 • To watch or look at for a long time with keen observation; appraise, scrutinize, inspect. Képúó intóyîê áashɨl ɨlmʉ́rran. Girls are going to appraise warriors. (Pk).

2 • To check for sth. quickly. One may look quickly for lost livestock in other people's herds. The quickness of the inspection is possible because everyone knows his own animals very well.

a-ɨtɨshɨ́l To show.

a-shɨlʉ́ v.dir. To choose, pick out, select.

a-shɨlaá v.dir. To appraise, scrutinize, check, select, heed, choose with care. See: a-ɨtʉdʉ́t ‘To offer for comparison’; ɛn-cɨ́látá ‘Scrutiny, appraisal’.

a-shɨlaá v.dir. To take sth. along with one. See: a-shɔrɔɔ́ ‘To carry off’.

a-shɨlʉ́ v.dir. To pick sth. out, choose. Ágɨ́ra ashɨlʉ́ eŋúdi áí tɛ kʉ́na. I am choosing my stick from (among) these. (Pk). Ágɨ́ra ashɨlʉ́ ɛnkɨlâ tɛ kʉ́na. I am choosing the best cloth from these ones. (Pk). See: a-shɨ́l ‘To scrutinize’.

shímpi Nom sg: shímpî. Acc pl: in-címpiî. Nom pl: in-címpií. [West] Acc sg: shʉmpɨ. n. Salt. Éísīdāī ɛndáâ náíshamʉ shímpi. Food that tastes salty is good. Syn: ɛn-abɛlɨ́, ɛn-aɨsʉ́kʉt, ɛ-makát, ɛ-mʉnyán ‘Salt’. See: em-bolíêî ‘Salt lick’. Etymology: <Swahili, chumvi ‘Salt’.

a-shɨpá v.mid. To be happy, pleased, experiencing pleasure or joy. Kɛ́shɨ́pa ɛná titó. This girl is happy. (W). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛldɛ́ páyian ɛtɨshɨpɛ́. That man went happy. Áshɨ́pa olêŋ tɛ nkárakɨ́ esíáai níntáyio. I am very pleased with the work you have done. Shɨpáí ɛná kítok. This woman is pleasant. (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔshɨ́pa a person who is happy/pleased/joyful. Óre siî nɨnyɛ́ néméítókīnī áashɨpakino. And even him, he will not be happily received. Ant: a-goró ‘To be angry’. See: a-ŋɨdá ‘To be happy’; a-nyɔ́rr ‘To love, be pleased with somebody or sth.’.

shɨpɨ́shɨp n.pl. Slender branches. Tákedo shʉ́márotó íntayú nɛna shɨpɨ́shɨp nátɨ́pɨ́ka. Go to the roof of the house and get me those slender branches I have put (there).

shipunóti Nom sg: shípunóti. Acc pl: shipunót. Nom pl: shípunot. adj. Restrict: people. Pleasant. ɔltʉnáni shipunóti A pleasant person. See: a-shɨpá ‘To be happy’.

a-shó [North]: a-có. PF, SUBJN: sh. v. To spread sth. out (eg. a skin); straighten. ashó olconí To spread a hide when still fresh so as to straighten it. Ɛ́táshó enkítok olconí The woman has straightened the skin. Tásho ɛsʉntái méítokí airrugó. Straighten up the wall so that it will not be bent. See: a-shé ‘To spread out a skin’.

a-shó v.mid. 1 • To be flat, level, plain.

2 • To be in good condition (of an animal). In S, ɛnkɨ́tɛ́ŋ nacô is a cow fit for sacrifice.

3 • To be free from physical and moral defect; exercising or showing good judgment (of a person). Ɔltʉŋáni ocô is a person that can be elected to lead others or can perform some rituals on behalf of the whole community or age-set. ɔlaigúɛ́nani oshô ɛlʉkʉnyá a leader with a sound mind. See: a-có [North] ‘To be straight; sacred’.

a-tashɛ́ Variant: a-tacɛ̂. v.mid.pf. To be physically strained, exhausted. ɔltʉŋáni ɔtacɛ̂ / ɔtashɛ̂ a person who is strained (Pk). Átáshe tɔɔ́ nkíshu kʉnâ óloŋi pɔɔkɨ́. I am physically strained (exhausted) looking after cows all these days.

a-shɔ́l [North]: a-cɔ́l. v.prog. 1 • To melt (trans). Ɛgɨ́ra enkítok ashɔ́l ɛɨ́látá tɛ nkɨ́ma The woman is melting fat in (using) the fire. Ɛgɨ́ra olkunoní ashɔ́l esekenkêî. The blacksmith is melting iron. (Pk). Áshɔ́lɨ́ta ɛŋɔrnɔ̂. I am melting butter. (Pk). See: ɛn-cɔ́látá ‘Liquefication’; a-wán ‘To melt’.

2 • To make a bad situation get worse. Kéyéwuo dúóó aké nɨ́nyɛ ɛlɛ́ páyian ashɔ́l ororei ? amʉ̂ etarúóítie dúóó aké ɨmbáa. This man just came to make things go from bad to worse because things were already spoiled. (Pk). See: a-inyál ‘To spoil’.

a-shɔlá v.mid. To melt (intrans). Ɛgɨ́ra ɛyɨlatá ashɔlá. The fat is melting. (Pk).

a-shɔlʉ́ ɛnkɔŋʉ́ v.dir v.phrase. 1 • To remove the eye.

2 • To stab or poke in the eye. Mɛnyɨkákɨ oldía empuús amʉ̂ kɛ́shɔlʉ́nɨ̄ ɛnkɔŋʉ́ A dog cannot get near to a cat because it will have its eye poked. See: a-kúrt ‘To poke’; a-rém ‘To pierce’.

a-sholól v. To keep sth. in waiting. Tóoko ɛnkárɛ̄,́ míntóki asholól. Drink the water, don't keep it in waiting.

a-shololó To keep watch; beware.

áa-shɔm v.pf v.pl. To go (subjunctive). peê kítûm áashɔm so that we can go. See: a-ló ‘To go’; shɔ́mɔ ‘Go!’.

shɔ́mɔ [North]: cɔ́mɔ, shɔ́mɔ [Maralal]. v. 1 • Singular perfective form of lo(t) 'go to, go'. Tone varies depending on subject: Áshɔmɔ. I went. Ɨ́shɔmɔ. You (sg) went. Ɛshɔmɔ́ He went. Kɨ́shɔmɔ̂. We went. Ɨ́shɔ́mɔ̂. You (pl) went. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ ɨlabaák. The healers left. (W). Ɛshɔmɔ́ inkíshu áre ɛmpárɛ̂t káke mayíólo ajó aa taá nabô náshɔmɔ́ atúá olêŋ. Two cows have gone to the shamba, but I don't know which one has gone way inside (the garden). (W). kʉndâ óloŋi oŋwán naáshɔmɔ̂ recently four days ago (lit: those days four that have gone).

2 • Singular imperative form of 'go'. Shɔ́mɔ bɔɔ́ Go outside! (Pk). Shɔ́mɔ ɔldɨrɨ́sha. Go to the window. (W).

3 • To have died. Kɛ́shɔ́mɔ. He has died. (S).

4 • To be over with, have passed, no longer in effect. Ɛpɔ́kɨ́ta ɔlcátá láátuunó ɔlápa ɔshɔmɔ́. The tree that I planted last month is reviving. (W).

ɛ́n-cɔm Plural imperative of 'go'; 'You all) go!'. Ɛ́ncɔm ɛ́nyaakɨ́ kʉlɛ́. You all go and bring (me) milk. See: cɔ́mɔ [North] ‘Go (Perfect[ive] or Imperative)’; a-ló ‘To go to’.

shoó Nom sg: shóo. n. Herding, pasturing, business of looking after cattle. Kɛ́ātā oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání óiŋuaa shoó esúmash. A person who comes from herding is mostly hungry. (Pk). Kéítóki ɛná áyíóní ayɛŋɨyɛŋá amʉ̂ ɛ́tárá shóo. This boy is going to rest because he is tired of herding. (lit: ... because herding has beaten him.) (Pk). See: in-coó ‘Herds’.

a-shɔ́r [North]: a-cɔ́r. v. To press, rub, smoothen, massage.

a-shororó v.mid. To mix together. Ɛ́mɨncɔ́shɔ taá inkíshú eshoróro. Do not let the cattle mix together.

a-shɔrɔɔ́ [North] Acc sg: a-shɔrɔɔ́ [Maralal]. v.dir. 1 • To carry off. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkárɛ́ ɔ́ɔnkʉ́ta ashɔrɔɔ́ isúut. The run-off is carrying off the rubbish. (Pk).

2 • To brush against, press away. Míkíntóki taá doí ashɔrɔɔ́ tɛnílo. Stop brushing against me as you go. (Pk).

a-shɔrʉ́ v.dir. To bring, carry toward point of reference. Ɨ́ncɔrʉ́! Bring it! (W). See: a-shɨlaá ‘To take along with’.

a-shoroyiokí v.dat. To go off to sth. Ashê olêŋ kɨ́tɛ́rɛ́wáká ɛlɛ̂ áshê otoshoróyioki. Thank you for bringing me this calf that went with other people's cows. (Pk).

shórúéísho Nom sg: shorúéísho. n. Friendliness. Kɛ́dʉ́pa ɛlɛ́ lɛ́ɛ̂ náa sídáí shorúéísho ɛ́nyɛ This man is great and his friendliness is good. (Pk). See: shórúétisho ‘Romantic friendliness’; en-córéísho ‘Friendliness’.

shórúétisho n. Romantic friendship; friendliness. See: ɛn-cɔrúɛ́t ‘Female friend’; ɛn-córúétisho ‘Friendliness in a man-woman relationship’.

shúɛl ideo. The sound made by a stick while beating. Éjó eŋúdî shúɛl náoshíéki oldîâ. The stick will sound "shuɛl" when it is used to beat a dog. See: a-ishúɛ́l ‘To beat’.

a-shúk [North] Acc sg: a-cúk, a-shúk [Maralal]. v. 1 • To return sth.; bring back. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkáyíóní ashúk ɔláshê. The boy is returning a calf. (Pk). Etúshúko oláshe. He returned the calf. (W). Átúshúko nkɛ́rai. I have sent the child back. (SN). Etúshúkúnye. She returned. (W). Ɛgɨ́ráɨ́ áashuk ɨlashɔ́ ɔlálɛ́. The calves are being returned to their fold. (Pk). See: a-cúk ‘To bend, return’.

2 • To bend (roofing sticks in constructing a house). Néshūkī ɛnkají. The house is roofed (permanently). (Pk -W). Ɛgɨ́ra intásatí áashuk ɛnkají. The women are making the house roof. (lit: The women are bending the house.) (Pk). Ɛgɨ́rāɨ̄ áashuk ɨlɔ́ɔm lɛ nkají. The rafters of the roof are being bent. (Pk). See: a-gɨ́l; a-kórd; a-kɔrɨ́ny; a-olól ‘To bend’; a-irrúg ‘To bend down’.

3 • To bend sth. flexible that will stay in the bent position. Note: rope, strap, wire, fold a shirt sleeve back

a-shukó [North] Acc sg: a-shukó [Maralal]. v.mid. To go back, return. See: a-itó ‘To go back’.

a-shukokí v.dat. To return sth. to s.o. Ashê ɔlɛ̂ŋ tɛ nkárakɨ́ ɔlapá áshê líkítúshúkókō. Thank you very much for the straying calf that you have returned to me. (Pk). Ekéjō peê ashukokí ɛnapá pálāī. He seems to want to return the letter to me.

a-shukoó v.dir. To return sth. towards a place away from the point of reference. Ágɨ́ra ashukoó ɛldɛ̂ áshê mɛshɔ́mɔ ɔlkɛjʉ́. I am returning that calf towards the river. (Pk).

a-shukú v.dir. In some suffixed forms: -shukun. 1 • To return sth. hither; refer sth. to s.o. Ɛnashê sápʉk kíshukú tɛ nkárakɨ́ ɛrámátata nɨncɔɔ̂ iyíóók kʉnâ ɔ́lɔŋɨ pɔɔkɨ́. We are giving our great gratitude to you for having taken care of us all these days. (Pk). Ɛ́gɨ́ra ɔláígúɛ́nání ashukú ɨ́nâ báɛ peê épôô emúrûâ áaiguanarɛ. The chief has referred (returned) that issue so that it can be dealt with by the people of the area. (Pk).

2 • To bend sth. hither. Ɛ́gɨ́ra ɛndá áyíóní ashukú ɔlŋɔ́sɨ́lá lɔ́ lchaní. That boy is bending a branch of a tree (to this side).

a-shukó v.mid. To return.

a-shukunyé v.dir v.mid. To return hither, towards point of reference (intrans). Ágɨ́ra ashukunyé alotú áŋ. I am returning back home. (Pk). Ɛáta ɨnâ kɛráí ɛlʉ́kʉnyá amʉ̂ eipírrīō sokóni néshukúnye ɛ́ɨ́tʉ̂ élô aɨmalɨmál. [ɛ̀ɨ̀tʉ̀ èlò] That child is responsible because she ran to the market and returned without going to goof off.

a-shukorí v.dir v.mid. To return thither (away from the point of reference) (intrans). Ágɨ́ra ashukorí aló áŋ. [aló ! áŋ] I am returning home. (Pk). Syn: a-rríny ‘To return’.

shúka n. The sheets traditionally worn wrapped around the body, one over each shoulder, then a third over the top of them. These are typically red, though with some other colors (eg. blue) and patterns (eg. plaid). Pink, even with flowers, is not shunned by warriors.

shukú lɛrá [Purko] n. Giraffe (lit: the one that bends acacia trees down). See: ɔl-carkúk ‘Giraffe’.

a-shʉlá In some suffixed forms: -shʉlar. v.mid. To be mixed. See: a-cʉ́l [North] ‘To live together’.

áa-shʉla v.mid.pl. To get together, be together. Képuonú táatá ɨlámala pɔɔkɨ́ áashʉla. All the ceremonial grouping will get together today. (Pk). Kɛ́áta apá ɨnkatítin nɨ́shʉ́lála ó lpurkó? Was there a time when you lived together with IlPurko?

a-shʉlarɛ́ v.mid v.inst. To live with, stay with. Káló ashʉlarɛ́ pakɨ́tɛ́ŋ láí. I am going to live with my friend. (Pk). Kɨ́tʉshʉlátɛ. We have come together. Elóíto enkíne ashʉlarɛ́ inkɛrá. The goat is going to join the sheep. (Pk). This is considered a good concept. See: a-cʉ́l [North] ‘To live together’. Ant: a-gɛlarí ‘To move away alone’.

a-ɨtʉshʉ́l v.cause. To mix (sth.).

a-shʉ́m v. 1 • To store, keep.

2 • To raise up.

a-shʉmá v.mid. To go up. Nɨ́shʉmárɨ aɨ́m Enkorropîl You go up passing Enkorropil. (C). Nɨ́shʉmakínō. You go up to it. (C).

shʉ́márotó Nom sg: shʉmárotó. Acc pl: ɨn-cʉmát. Nom pl: ɨn-cʉmát. Variant: shúmároto. n. Roof. Tákedo shʉ́márotó íntayú nɛna shɨpɨ́shɨp nátɨ́pɨ́ka. Go to the roof of the house and get me those slender branches I have put (there). (Pk). See: shʉ́mátá (ɛn-kají) ‘Roof’; kerepaji ‘Roof’.

shʉ́mátá Nom sg: shʉmatá. Acc pl: ɨn-cʉmát. Nom pl: ɨn-cʉmát. n.r. 1 • On top of. Etíí emótonyí shʉ́mátá ɔ́ lchaní. The bird is on top of the tree. (Pk). Tʉ́dʉ̄mʉ̄ ɛnkalámu natíí shʉ́mátá e mɨ́sa. Pick up the pen that's on top of the table. Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlpáyian ayɨ́k eŋúdi tɛ shʉmatá ɛnkáji. The man is placing the stick on top of (the roof of) the house. (Pk).

2 • Above, over. Ɛ́ɨ́má emótonyí shʉ́mátá ɛnkají. The bird has passed above the house. Etíī ɔlasʉráí shʉ́mátá olowuarú mára. The snake is above the leopard. (W).

3 • Top. Shɔ́mɔ ɛncʉ́mátá oldóínyó amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ etíí inkíshu. Go to the top of the hill because there the cows are. (Pk).

4 • Roof of a house.

5 • Sky. Ɛgɨ́ra shʉmatá aɨpʉsʉ́ amʉ̂ ɛgɨ́ra ɨnkátampo áaiwuaŋa. 'The sky is becoming blue because the clouds are clearing off.'.

6 • Heaven. Usage: religious. Etíí ɛnkáí shʉ́mátá. God is in heaven. Shʉ́mátá ɛnkaŋ ɛnkáí Heaven is the home of God. (W). See: shʉ́márotó ‘Roof’; képér ‘Sky’; a-shʉ́m ‘To store, keep’.

shʉ́mátá ɛnk-ají n. Roof; top of the house. Tʉ́mʉra shʉ́mátá ɛnkáji amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kɛ́sha. Plaster the roof of the house because it is about to rain. (Pk). See: shʉ́márotó ‘Roof’; kerepaji ‘Roof’.

a-shʉ́r [North]: a-cʉ́r. v. 1 • To take cover or shelter from rain. Káshʉ́r tɛná áji peê máashaɨkɨ́. I am going to stay away from rain in this house so that I will not be rained on.

2 • To stay away from.

a-shʉrakɨ́ v.dat. 1 • To daringly go, not minding about the rain. Káshʉ́rákɨ aló amʉ̂ kɛ́gɨ́ra amutú. I will daringly go when it is raining because it is getting late.

2 • To take shelter under. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’.

a-shʉ́rt₁ v. To destroy, annihilate, exterminate. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkɨ́ma ashʉ́rt ɛnkɔ́p. The fire is destroying the land. (Pk).

a-shʉ́rt₂ v. To peel off; remove cover, strip bare (eg. a tree of its leaves; a person of his/her clothes). Áshʉ́rtʉ́ enkopitó tɛ nchɛ́tā. I will peel the bark (in a single sheath) from the stick. (W). Átʉ́shʉ́rta ɛnchɛtá. I removed (the inner part of) the stick. See: a-shʉ́t ‘To peel’.

a-shʉrtaá v.dir. To shake off sth. as you move forward.

a-shʉrtʉ́ v.dir. To come to destroy; to pull off or out.

a-shʉ́t v.prog. 1 • To peel sth.; remove sth. by peeling away an outside covering, eg. a hand from glove, an arm from a sleeve, a sword from a sheath (but not removing a sword from an animal carcass). Áshʉ́tɨ́ta ɛnkají. I am plucking it (eg. grass) from (the roof of) a house. This implies that sth. is plucked over and over so as to leave the place devoid of it, eg. removing all the grass from a roof by plucking it. See: a-shʉ́rt ‘To peel’.

2 • To jump over.

a-shʉtarí Variant: a-shʉrtarí. v.dir v.mid. 1 • To leap away. Ɛtʉshʉtári doí nɨ́nyɛ ɨlɔ̂ ashé aɨŋataá ɨlkʉlîê. That calf has leapt away ahead of others. (Pk).

2 • To fall out of a sheath or socket. Táduaa aké mɛ́shʉtári ɔlalɛ́m tɛ ncáshûr. Take care lest that sword fall out of the sheath. (Pk). See: a-pukú ‘To emerge’.

3 • To gain or lose weight.

a-shʉtʉ́ v.dir. To extract, remove from a tight covering. Átʉ́shʉ́ta ɛncatá. I pealed the stick. Átúshútūā ɔlálɛ́m. I removed the sword (from its sheath). Áshʉ́tʉ́ olgísōī tɔlkímojíno. I will remove the ring from the finger. (W). ashʉtʉ́ ɛnkáɨ́ná tɛ mbɛnɛ́ to remove a hand from a pocket (Pk).