Europe in the World at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century
Five issues:
1. How will the social contract hold up?
2. Toward European Union, but what kind?
3. The challenge of multi-ethnic society
4. Europe East and West
5. Europe, the United States, and the larger world
Margaret Thatcher
neo-liberalism
welfare state consensus
2. European integration and the
Expansion of the European Union
European Coal and Steel Community (1953)
Treaty of Rome | "Common Market" (1957)
Robert Schuman | Jean Monnet
“The Six”: France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg
hopes:
•supranational institutions
(= powers delegated by national states to overarching institutions)
•spillover effect from limited beginnings to increasing number of functions
steps toward European union (1):
expansion=new member states
(2014: 28 member states--Croatia the latest)
1973: north (GB, Ireland, Denmark)
1980s: south (Greece, Spain, Portugal)
2000s: east (former Communist countries)
steps toward European union (2):
closer integration
1986 Schengen agreement (open borders)
1993 Maastricht treaty (EU, European Central Bank)
2002 monetary union in effect (Euro)— optional participation ("Euro zone")
five issues for the future of the European Union:
1. the future of the nation state
2. backlash movements against EU (right and left)
3. expansion: is the EU overextended?
4. the democratic deficit
5. the EU’s role in the world (catastrophic failure in Bosnia)
anti-immigrant (and anti-EU) parties:
France: National Front (LePen)
Austria: Austrian Freedom Party (Haider)
Ian Buruma, Murder in Amsterdam
Hanif Kureishi, My Son, The Fanatic (1997)
The French scholar Olivier Roy is right: Islam is now a European religion.
How Europeans, Muslims as well as non-Muslims, cope with this is the question
that will determine our future.
--Ian Buruma, Murder in Amsterdam (35)
Cold War | Atlantic alliance (NATO)
end of the transatlantic era?
unilateralism | multilateralism
preemptive warfare | international institutions
“Europeans are from Venus, Americans are from Mars?”