Maa

Y - y

y Letter representing the Maa lightly-articulated palatal glide /y/.

a-yá₂ In some suffixed forms: -yar, -yak. PF: -wá. v.prog. 1 • To move sth. from one location to another; carry, take. Nɛ́yá inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ ó isirkôn. He took their cows and donkeys (ie. for his own posession). Ɛ́yá enkítok ɛndáa ɛmányátá. The woman takes food to the warrior village. Ɛyákɨ̄ ɔlpáyian ɨnkɛ́ra ɛndáa. The man will take food to/for the children. Ɛyákakɨ́ dúóó inkíshú embolíêî námɛ̂j. The cows were brought to the salt-lick (for licking). (Pk). Ɛyáwūā ŋolé nɨ́nɨ̂ oltulét olóíto ailísh aɨtaá enkúkúrí. Yesterday my mother brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. (Pk). Ɨ́yaʉ́! Bring it! (W). See: a-náp ‘To carry’; a-wá ‘To have moved sth.’.

2 • To marry (of a man). Áayá ɔlpáyian. The man will marry me. (lit: The man will take me.).

3 • To steal. Ɛ́yá ɨlmʉ́rrán inkíshú oó l-Kokóyo. The warriors will steal cows of (from) the Kikuyu.

4 • To ache, hurt. Káayá ɔlálaɨ olêŋ. My tooth hurts a lot. (lit: The tooth carries me a lot.).

4 • To cause to die. Kɛ́yáɨ́ta oltíkáná ɨltʉ́ŋáná olêŋ tɔɔ́ nkuapí ɔlɔ́ɔrɔ́ɔ́k. Malaria is killing a lot of people in Africa. (lit: ... in the countries that are black). (Pk). Note: sense 1 take Note: sense 2 marry Note: sense 3 steal

a-yá ɛnkárɛ To drown; be carried by water.

a-yáɨ́ v.pass. To be taken away. Ɛyáɨ́ ɨntáɨ́ oséro. You will all be taken/carried away to the bush.

a-yakɨ́ v.dat. To take to, carry to, bring to. Nyáakɨ́ shɔ́mɔ íyakɨ́ ɛnkákuiyia ɛnkʉrmá. Go again and bring maize to your grandmother. (W). Nyáakɨ́ shɔ́mɔ íyakákɨ ɛnkʉrmá. Go again and get me maize. (W). Kááyákɨ̄ ɛ́nadúóó tóki níkítíáka. I will bring you the thing you told me. Kɛ́yáka. He brought it to her. (S).

a-yayíé v.inst. 1 • To carry with. Káyāyīē ɛlɛ̂ bɛ́nɛ́ ɛnâ dáa. I will carry this food in this bag. (Pk).

2 • To include. Kɛ́nárɛ́ nɛ́yayíéki ɛnâ kɨlâ inkulîê. It is better to include this cloth in with the others.

3 • To take from.

a-yaʉ́ v.dir. Variant: a-yɛʉ́. [North]: a-yao. To bring. Nɨ́kɨyaʉ aké tɛ síaŋau. We will bring them in a calabash. Óre ɨsɨŋát ɔɔ́ ntarɛ́ náa ɛyáʉ olkúlup. The sneezes of the sheep+goats bring mucous. (W). Káló ayaʉ́ ɛnkáɨ́ amʉ́kɛ amʉ̂ nɛ́ná ɛnkáɨ́. I am going to get the other shoe because one is here. (Pk). Shɔ́mɔ íyaʉ́ olkídóŋét máídoŋó ilmerégēshī. Go and bring the burdizzo so that we (can) castrate the rams. (Pk).

a-yayú v.mid v.incep. To be able to be taken away by force. Ɛ́táá doí kɛ́yáyū amʉ̂ ɨmɛɨshɔrʉ́nɨ̄ tɛ sidáí. It is now takable by force because it cannot be given out in a good manner.

a-yároyú v.dir v.mid v.incep. Ɛyároyú ɛnâ tókí ámaâ naá mɛ́ɨ́shɔ́rʉ́nɨ́ tɛ sidáí. This thing can be taken by force and we can get it smoothly. (Pk). See: -wa ‘Take (perfective)’; a-náp ‘To carry’.

a-yág v.s. To pause; subside. Míntóki aŋás ayág, ɨ́rɔrɔ́ doí oóntiŋíé. Don't pause, speak until you finish. (Pk). Ɛ́yágá ɔlpayíán ɛngórô amʉ̂ áɨ́sápʉk náají. The man's anger subsided because it was too much then. (Pk).

a-yagaá v.dir. To subside; go down slowly; abate, decrease. Ɛyagáa ɛnkárɛ te néguar. Water subsides when it stops raining. Ɛyagáyie ɛnkárɛ amʉ̂ kɛ́kuɛtɨ́ta náají. Water subsided because it was running then. (Pk). Ɛyagáa eŋórô. The anger subsides, the fury cools.

a-yagarí v.dir v.mid. To subside, eg. level of water going down.

a-yagíé v.inst. To leave sth. calm, in abeyance; be at peace. Mányaakɨ́ áayagie ɛlɛ̂ árrabal amʉ̂ ɛtasápʉka. Let us leave this quarrelling and be calm, because it has become too much. (Pk).

a-yagʉ́ v.dir. To take one's time.

a-yagɨyág v. To move leisurely. Ɨ́yágɨ́yágʉgʉ. You all come leisurely this way. See: a-yág ‘To pause’; ɛnk-ɨ́yágɨ́yag ‘Bobbing of head’.

ɔl-yáhúdí Nom sg: ɔl-yahudí. Acc pl: ɨl-yahúdi. Nom pl: ɨl-yáhudi. n. Jew, Jewish person. Etymology: < Kiswahili yahudi ‘Jewish person’.

e-yáhúdí Jewish girl or woman.

a-yám [North]: a-yɛ́m. v.prog. To marry (of a man). Kɛ́yam ɔlpáyian inkitúáak kúmok. A man will marry many wives. Nétií apá ɔlpáyian ɔ́yamá esiankíki. A long time ago, there was an (old) man who married a young woman. Áyámɨ́ta enkitók áɨ́. I am marrying my wife. (Pk). Ɛyámɨ́ta ɔlmʉrraní ɛnkitók. The warrior is married to the woman. (W). aisúr entítō peê mɛ́yámɨ́ To speak ill of a girl so that she does not get married (Pk).

a-yamá v.mid. To be married (of a woman). Kɛ́yáma ɛná kítok amʉ̂ ɛldɛ̂ ɔlpáyian lɛ́nyɛ. This woman is married because that is her husband. (Pk).

a-yamakɨ́ v.dat. To marry to. Ɛyámákɨ́ ɔlpáyian ɔlayíóni lɛnyɛ́. The man has to make his son marry. (Pk). See: a-rík ‘To lead, marry’.

áa-yamakino v.pl. 1 • To get wives for each other. Ɛgɨ́ra kʉlɔ́ ɔ́lashara áayamakino. These two brothers are marrying for (ie. getting wives for) each other. (Pk).

2 • To intermarry. See: a-yám ‘To marry’.

a-yanyɨ́t v. 1 • To respect, pay respect, honour, revere, reverence; obey. Eyéwuo oltúlet tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ́p lɛ́mɛ́yányit inkɛ́râ intóiwúó. A bad generation has come to the world where children do not respect parents. (Pk). Áyányit nanʉ́ ɨmpápá. I obey (respect, honor, revere) my father. (Pk). Ɨ́kɨ́yanyɨtɨtâ. We respected them. (S).

2 • [North] To avoid immoral joking in the presence of a blood relative of the opposite sex. See: a-níŋ ‘To obey’.

a-yáŋ [North]: a-yɛ́ŋ. v.prog. 1 • To breathe. Ɛɨtʉ́ ɛyɛ́ amʉ̂ kɛ́gɨ́ra ayáŋ. It has not died because it is breathing. (Pk). Káyáŋáā empúrúó. I will breathe the smoke. Íyaŋá! Breathe! (as in a doctor's office). Íyaŋʉ́ empúrúó. Breathe out the smoke!

2 • To puff. Kɛ́yaŋ olêŋ. He puffs a lot. Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-yɛŋ (Vossen 1989:196), from Proto-Teso-Lotuko-Maa *-yɛŋ 'breathe' (Vossen 1982:339); believed by Ehret to be a loan from an early Rub-related language. Proto-Nilo Saharan *háːŋ 'to breathe' (2001: 613).

a-yaŋɨyáŋ To breathe in and out. Nɛ́ná entóki nagɨ́ra ayaŋɨyáŋ. Here is sth. that is breathing in and out. (Pk). See: a-ɨpaŋɨpáŋ ‘To pant’.

ɛ-yárárotó Nom sg: ɛ-yárárotó. Acc pl: i-yararót. Nom pl: i-yararót. n. 1 • Captivity. Óre apá ɨltʉ́ŋáná pɔɔkɨ́ ɔtɨmɨrakɨ́ nɛ́yáɨ́ ɛyárárotó. All the people that were defeated were taken into captivity. (Pk). Óre apá peê áâ ɔlɛ́ɨ́lɔ órere náa mɛ́nyɛ́ apá oyarárotó. He became of that people because his father went into captivity. (Pk).

2 • Captive.

ɔ-yárátá Nom sg: ɔ-yaratá. Acc pl: ɨ-yarát. Nom pl: ɨ-yarát. n. 1 • Flat stretch of land, especially at the end of a valley. Ɛ́ntɛrɛʉ ɨntaré ɔyárátá amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ etíī ɨmbɛnɛ́k nɛ́nyɔrrɨ. Take the goats and sheep to the flat stretch of land because that is where leaves that are green are. (Pk).

2 • Name of a dry-season month in the Maasai calendar, when there is an occasional shower which keeps the valleys in grass. In March or August, depending on Section and climactic conditions.

yárotó [North] v. [North] To go for sth. that one has been promised. See: a-yá ‘To take’.

ɛ-yárúnotó₁ Nom sg: ɛ-yarúnotó. Acc pl: i-yarunót. Nom pl: i-yárunot. n. Captive, treasure, spoil, booty. Ɨmɛmayíána áɨ́kátá iyarunót náoruní kʉlɨ́káɨ́ tʉ́ŋáná. Spoils (captives) are never blessed because they are taken away from other people. (Pk). See: a-yá ‘To take’.

ɛ-yárúnotó₂ n. Taking towards, beating towards, pushing towards. Tápala doí ɛnâ yárúnotó inó náâ ɛnâ áló aké ílótú. Stop your pushing towards me ... See: a-ár ‘To beat’.

i-yasát n.pl. Deeds, acts. See: ɛ-ásátá ‘Deed’.

ɔ-yátī n. 1 • Non-native resident of an area; foreigner; alien. Óre ɔltʉŋáni pɔɔkɨ́ ólô amány ɛnkɔ́p nɛ́mɛ̂ ɛnɛnyɛ̂ náa ɔyáti tɛ́ɨ́na kɔ̂p. All persons who migrate(s) to some country which is not theirs is a non-native resident of that area. (Pk).

2 • A child whose mother has died; orphan. Ɔyátɨ oshî ɛndá áyíóní amʉ̂ ɛtúá apá ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ náa kɛ́ɨ́bá inkáínito ɛ́ naíú. This boy has been an orphan because his mother died and the co-wives of birth hate him . This noun refers to a child whose mother has died and is now loved only by its father, but not much by the other wives of his father, ie. the co-wives of the child's deceased mother.

a-yɛ́ PF: -tua. v. To die, extinguish (Imperfective). Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlashé ayɛ́. The calf is dying. (Pk). ...náa kɛ́ɨ́kash apá nɨ́ncɛ, ɛɨtʉ́ ɛyɛ́ lɛlɔ̂... ...were better themselves, those ones did not die... Ɛgɨ́ra ɔltáā ayɛ́. The lamp is getting extinguished. (Pk). Nɛ́yɛ̄ té íne. It died just there (in that instant). (Pk). See: túá ‘Die (Perfective)’; a-ɨ́sh ‘To die’; a-itianyá ‘To die’; túá ‘Dead’.

a-yɛ́k v.prog. 1 • To weigh down, tire. Káagɨrâ ɛlɛ́ bɛnɛ́ ayɛ́k. This bag is tiring me/weighing me down. (Pk). Káayɛkɨta ɛlɛ́ órika. This chair is tiring me (it makes my muscles tired as I try to hold it up).

2 • To trouble, bother. Káayɛkɨta ɔlpayian. The man is bothering me (and I am not interested). Káagɨrâ kuná kɛ́rá áayɛk. These children are bothering me. (Pk). Ɛtɛ́yɛká iyíóók ɛlɛ́ tʉŋani. This person has become a trouble to us. ɔltʉŋáni ɔyɛ́kɨ̄shɔ̄ a person who is troublesome. See: a-nyamál ‘To fuss’.

ɔ-yɛ́kɛny Nom sg: ɔ-yɛ́kɛ̂ny. Acc pl: ɨ-yekényī. Nom pl: ɨ-yékenyí. n. Baboon. Átódúaa ɔyɛ́kɛny oipidíto tɔɔ́ lkeék. I have seen a baboon jumping from tree to tree. (Pk). Syn: lɛ́nkʉ́rbany ‘Baboon’. See: ɔ-ɛ́kɛny ‘Baboon’; l-ótim [North] ‘Baboon’.

a-yɛkɛnyá Perfective: -tɛyɛkɛ. v.mid. To toil. Ágɨ́ra ayɛkɛnyá peê atúm ɛndáa. I am toiling so that I could get food. Ɛtɛyɛ́kɛ ɛnkɛwaríé pɔɔkɨ́n. He toiled all night.

ɛ́-yɛ́kɛ́nyata n. Toil. Tápala ɛ́yɛ́kɛ́nyata entóki nímítúm. Stop toiling to get things that you will not get (ie. that are impossible to get). (Pk).

a-yekú v.dir. To come early. Táyekú peê kíyôk. Come early so that we can go early. (Pk). See: a-yók ‘To go early’.

a-yɛ́l v. 1 • To smear. Tálama ɨlɔ̂ sɨkɨráɨ míkíyélie aké lɛlɔ sampʉlalɨ́ lɛnyɛ́na. Stay away from that snail lest it smears its slime on you. (Pk).

2 • To smear sth. or some part of the body with oil. Ɛgɨ́ra ayɛ́l ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ ɨlatá. A child is being smeared with oil. Oiling is done with sheep oil, vaseline, etc., in order to soften the skin.

3 • To adopt an adult taken on a raid into your family. Óre apá ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɔáruní tɔɔ́ njiorín náa kɛ́yɛlɨ́. People gotten from raids are adopted. (Pk).

4 • To plunder.

a-yɛ́m [North] v. [North] To marry (of a man). See: a-yám ‘To marry’.

a-yɛmakɨ́ [North] v.dat. [North] To arrange the marriage of, marry off.

a-yɛmɨcɔ́ [North] v.apas. [North] To get married.

ɛ-yɛ́nátá n. Knot. See: a-ɛ́n ‘To tie’; ɔ-ɛnɛ́t ‘Knot’.

a-yɛ́ŋ [North] v. [North] To breathe. See: a-yáŋ ‘To breathe’.

a-yɛŋɨyɛŋá [North]: a-yɛŋɨɛŋá. [Chamus]: a-yɛŋɛɛŋá. v.mid. 1 • To take a rest, take a break. Káŋás ayɛŋiyɛŋá amʉ̂ átánáʉ́rɛ. I am first taking a rest because I am tired. (Pk).

2 • To be relaxed. ɔltʉŋáni ɔyɛŋɨ́yɛ̄ŋā a person who is relaxed (who takes a rest).

a-yɛŋɨyɛŋʉnyɛ́ v.dir v.mid. To (perhaps metaphorically) move steadily toward the point of reference. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ puán nayɛŋɨyɛŋʉ́nyɛ. Give me life that comes steadily.

a-yɛ́p [North] v. 1 • [North] To cut out using a pattern or template.

2 • [North] To chase a defeated opponent or prey over a long distance. Kɛ́yɛ́pá. He followed it. (S). ayɛ́p sɛ́rɛ́ To follow the course of a watercourse.

ɔ-yɛ́rátá Nom sg: ɔ-yɛratá. Acc pl: ɨ-yɛrát. Nom pl: ɨ-yɛrát. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨ-yarát. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨ-yarát. n. Valley. Ɛ́ntɛrɛʉ ɨntaré ɔyɛ́rátá. Take the goats to the valley. (Pk). Usage: Ɔ-yɛ́rátá is shallower than e-nóŋótó.. See: e-nóŋótó; em-púkúroto; e-úlulû ‘Valley’.

Yɛ́sʉ̂ [West] [South] Acc sg: Yɛ́sʉ. Nom sg: Yɛ́sʉ̂. n.prop. Jesus. Borrowed word: Swahili? Yésu 'Jesus'.

-yêû v.subjn. come (subjunctive). See: a-lotú ‘To come’.

a-yewuo v.pf. Variant of -ewuo, perfect/perfective verb root for 'come'. Áyéwuo ayíé olkér láló ayɨ́ɛ́ŋ. I have come to get a castrated ram from him to slaughter. (Pk). Eyéwuo oltúlet tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ́p lɛ́mɛ́yányit inkɛ́râ intóiwúó. A bad generation has come to the world where children do not respect parents. (Pk). See: a-lotú ‘To come’.

ɔ-yɛ́yáɨ́ [West] n. [West] Porcupine. See: ɔ-yɨ́yáɨ́ ‘Porcupine’.

a-yeyú v. 1 • To stop letting out milk or water; go dry (of animals or women lactating, a spring of water). Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkɨ́tɛŋ ayeyú amʉ̂ imeékūrē ɛ́átâ kʉlɛ́. The cow is about to stop letting out milk because it does not have more milk.

2 • To swell. Áagɨrâ ɛnkaɨná ayeyú. My arm is swelling. (Pk). See: e-yó ‘It has gone dry (of milk)’; a-poŋú ‘To swell (stomach)’.

-yi [North] asp. [North] Inceptive aspect; dialect variant of -ú(n). Kóŋóroyi. It can be stabbed. (SN). See: -ú ‘Inceptive suffix, Central Maa’.

-yi [North] dir. [North] Motion toward suffix. See: -ʉ́ ‘Towards’.

a-yɨ́k₁ v. To place sth. on top of sth. else. Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlpáyian ayɨ́k eŋúdi tɛ shʉmatá ɛnkáji. The man is placing the stick on top of the roof of the house. (Pk).

ɛ-yɨ́kátá ɔɔ́ rúátin Raising of the beds. See: a-ɨ́k ‘To suspend, hang up’; a-ililí ‘To suspend’.

a-yɨ́k₂ v. To overcook. Ɛ́ɨ́torrónô ɛncɔlatá ɛ́na ɨ́látá amʉ̂ ɛyɨka. The melting of this fat is bad because it is overcooked. (Pk).

ɛ-yɨkái v. 1 • Elevation. Óre ɛyɨkái ɛ́lɛ dóínyó náa áɨ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂. The elevation of this hill is bad. (Pk).

2 • Pride. Óre taá siî nɨnyɛ́ ɛyɨkái nɛ́mɛ́ɨ́shɔ̄ ɔltʉŋáni eboitarɛ́ ilkulíe. Pride does not let s.o. stay well with others. (Pk). Syn: ɛ-ŋɨ́da, ol-wuasá ‘Pride’. See: a-ɨk ‘To suspend, hang up’.

a-yɨ́m v.prog. To pass through. See: a-ɨ́m ‘To pass through’.

a-yɨmakɨ́ v. To discuss, mention, talk about sth. Ágɨ́ra ayɨmakɨ́. I am talking about/discussing it. (W). Áayɨmákɨ. He will talk about me. (W). Kɨ́ɨ́makɨ́. [kɪ́ɪ́màkɪ́, two initial moras] He will talk about you. (W). Kɨ́ɨ́mākā ŋolé. He talked about you yesterday. (W). Kɨ́shɔmɔ́ entúmo áayɨɨmakɨ enekinkô tenékitum iropiyianí. We went to the meeting to discuss how we will get the funds. (W). See: a-ɨmakɨ́ ‘To mention, expose’.

yɨ́yáí₁ adj. Black and white pattern. Ɨ́ncɔɔ́kɨ ɛndâ kɨlâ yɨ́yáí maishópo. Give (me) that cloth with black and white pattern to wear. (Pk). See: ɔ-yɨ́yáí ‘Porcupine’.

ɔ-yɨ́yáí₂ Nom sg: ɔ-yɨyáí. Acc pl: ɨ-yɨ́ya. Nom pl: ɨ-yɨ́yâ. [West] Acc sg: ɔ-yɛ́yáɨ́. n. Porcupine. Kɛ́pɨ́ ɔshɨ̂ ɨmbáâ ɔ́ yɨ́yáí. [ɔ́yɪ̄yā̄ī̄] The spines of a porcupine are sharp. See: ɔ-yɔ́yáí ‘Porcupine’; ɨ́yáɨ́ [North] ‘Porcupine’.

e-yó v.pf. It has gone dry (of milk). See: a-yeyú ‘To go dry’.

a-yɔgɨyɔ́g [West]: a-yogiyóg. v.prog. To be restless. Ɨ́ntashɔ doí, míntóki ayɔgɨyɔ́g. Stand still, don't go all over the place. (W). Eyógíyógíto ~ Ɛyɔ́gɨ́yɔ́gɨ́ta. He is being restless (eg. a student sitting in a classroom seat). (W). Note: W allows either + or -ATR form (tested with progressive suffix).

a-yók v.prog. To go early in the morning. Most typically this verb implies leaving the house, going out of the house, early in the morning. Káyōk aló sukúul. I will go early in the morning to school. Néyok aár ɨlkʉlɨ́kāɨ̄. Very early in the morning he went to fight the others. Ɛ́táyóó ajó áár ɨlkʉlɨ́kāɨ̄ nɛ́ɨ́tʉ ɛ́ɨ́nɛ́pɨ. He went early in the morning and attempted to fight the others but did not find them. Éyókíto sukúul. He is going early in the morning to school. (W). Eyókíyókíto. He continuously goes early in the morning, every morning. (W). Átáyoo. I have gone early. Ɛ́táyóó. He/she has gone early. Táyoo! Go early! Ɛnâ taá ɛntɔnatá ɔ́ɔ̄ lɔmɔ́n ncɛ́rɛ mátayookinotó tenê. This is the conclusion of the conversation, that we meet in the morning right here. (Pk). See: a-yookí ‘To go somewhere early’.

-yoo v.pf. Perfect(ive) and subjunctive form of a-yók; to have gone early. See: a-yók ‘To go early’.

a-yookí v v.aux+Simple-Infinitive. do.early.

1 • To go to a specific place early in the morning. Táyookóki peê kípúó. Get to me very early in the morning so that we can go. (Pk). Áyóóki Naɨrɔ́bɨ. I will get to Nairobi very early in the morning. Áyóóki ɔ́lɛ̂ Sánkan. I will get to Ole Sankan very early in the morning. Eyoókīnī ɔ́lɛ̂ Sánkan. Ole Sankan will be reached early in the morning. Eyookínō inkítuaak. Women will visit each other in the morning.

2 • To do sth. early in the morning. Néyookí aár ɨlkʉlɨ́kāɨ̄. Very early in the morning he fought the others. Ɛtayoókō aár ɨlkʉlɨ́kāɨ̄ He went early in the morning to fight the others Early in the morning he fought the others. Ɛtayoókō ajó áár ɨlkʉlɨ́kāɨ̄ nɛ́ɨ́tʉ ɛ́ɨ́nɛ́pɨ He attempted to fight the others in the morning but did not find them He attempted to go early in the morning and fight the others but did not find them. Káyóóki ɨ́nâ síáai I will do that work in the morning. Eyoókīnī esíáai Work will be done early in the morning.

1 • Note: Hyp: Sense 1 functions as an Auxiliary verb

2 • Note: Hyp: Sense 2 is an Extended Intransitive See: a-yók ‘To go early to do sth.’.

yóópe [South] n. [South] Corner of a woman's skirt. See: ol-cóloi ‘Corner of a cloth’.

a-yɔ́p v. 1 • To cover. See: a-ɨyɔ́p ‘To cover’.

2 • To have intercourse.

ɔ-yɔ́yáí Nom sg: ɔ-yɔyáí. Acc pl: ɨ-yɔyaîn. Nom pl: ɨ-yɔ́yaîn. n. Porcupine. See: ɔ-yɨ́yáí ‘Porcupine’.

a-yúk v.prog. v.prog. To swing, wield, wave sth. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkáyíóní ayúk eŋúdi. The boy is swinging/wielding a stick. (Pk). Áyúkíto olosíri. I am swinging a rope. (W). Lɛ́ldɛ́ ɔltʉŋáni lɨ́kɨ́gɨ́ra ayúk ánaa ékíyíóló. There is s.o. waving at you as if he knows you. (Pk). Áyúkíto ɛnkáíná. I am waving. (W). In W, áyúkíto, without enkáíná following, is understood to mean 'I am swinging sth. (eg. a club)'. The default meaning is not that one is waving one's own hand.

2 • v.prog. [North] To fan a fire.

3 • v.prog. [North] To treat a sick person by divination.

4 • v.prog. [North] To turn green (of trees just before the rains).

in-yúnyûn [Purko] [Purko] Nom pl: in-yunûn. n.pl. Small insects or creatures which collectively have the appearance of a moving mass. Usage: colloq. Ɛ́ɨ́pʉ́tâ dúóó inyunyûn náata inkopír ají. A lot of insects (or creatures) with feathers have filled the house. (Pk).

a-yupuyúp Variant: a-ipiíp. v. To be in flames; ablaze. See: a-ipiíp ‘To be in flames’.

a-yutuyút [Purko] v. [Purko] To rub. See: a-utu'út ‘To grind’.