Maa

T - t

t Letter representing the Maa non-impolosive voiceless alveolar stop /t/.

ta- Variant: to-; tɔ-; te-; tɛ-; ti-; tɨ-; tʉ-. asp. 1 • Perfective or perfect aspect prefix on Class I verbs; co-occurs with a Perfect(ive) aspect suffix such as -a(k)/-o(k), the Middle Perfect(ive) -ɛ, or the Instrumental/Motion-Away Perfect(ive) -ie(k). Áatɔnyɔ̂ ɨláɨ́sʉ́ɨsʉ́ɨ́. The ants (sp.) bit me. (W). Áataanyúá néítu abáʉ́. He waited for me, and I never arrived. (W). Etápéjóki kʉnâ naaɨ́gára áatumoki. The ɛnaɨgára pieces have been roasted nicely. (W). Ɛtáánáʉ́rɛ̄̀ ɛnkɛráí. The child became sleepy. (W). Etuŋúáyie inkíshú ɨnâ kítok nɛ́mɛ́áta ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá. That irresponsible woman has left the cows. (W).

2 • Imperative prefix on Class I verbs. Áyīā shɔ́mɔ naá tásayiā̀ ɛnkÁí. All right, go and pray to God. Túduŋoyú ɨncɔɔ́kɨ aló. Cut yourself, so that you let me go. Tʉ́dʉtā̀ ɛnâ saêî ɔ́ ɛnâ nkáɨ́. Compare this bead with this other one. (K Pk). Tʉ́dʉ́tā̀ nkitábu o nkáset. Choose either the book or the cassette. (S). Tʉ́dʉtá/Tʉ́dʉtā̀ aná saé ɔ́ ána nkáɨ́. Compare this (string of) beads with this other (to choose the one you want). (SN).

3 • Irrealis situation. amʉ̂ káɨ́dɨm ataányʉ because I can wait. Népūpōī, ometúduŋoyú ɔlmʉ́rráni ɛnámʉkɛ. People went, until the shoe of a warrior became cut. [Non-perfect(ive) Middle + Inceptive formation]. Mátʉdʉmʉ́! Let's pick it up!

-tá Variant: -tûâ. asp. Plural Perfect(ive) aspect or Subjunctive mood suffix. Kɛ́ɨ́rɔ́bɨ ɛlɛ̂ ŋɔ́nɨ́ mmɛɨtɨamakɨ́tā inkíshú. This bull is not easily sexually aroused so it does not mount the cows. (Pk). ɨnadúóó kíshú nikítereutûâ those cows that we brought.

taá v.pf. 1 • Perfect(ive) form of the verb 'be, become'. Eé kɛ́sɨ́pa taá. Yes, it is true.

2 • Subjunctive form of the verb 'be, become'. Ɨnkɛ́ra áainéí ɛ́táá taá nanʉ́ inkóloŋi ánaa peê agɨlʉ́ embénéyíó. My children it is only a few days until I die. (lit: My children it is only a few days so that/until I break a leaf.).

3 • Imagine it could be the case that. Olcúma taá ɛnyaálɨ mɛtáa íjīō ɛnkɨkɛ́! Imagine that it is the iron bar that is chewed to be like a toothbrush. Íyíé taá ólo agór kɛwɔ́n. Imagine you are going to hang yourself.

4 • Form of 'be' used in cleft sentences, questions, etc., indicating exclusive focus. Néjo "Káa taá kiâs?" He said, "What then shall we do?". Káa taá kiâs néínepúakɨ́ iyíóók? What are we going to do, we have been caught? (Pk). Emúóyíáa iloiŋók, káke mayíólo ajó álɔ̂ taá ósiokí aishíú. The bulls are sick, but I don't know which one will heal first. (W). Óre taá enikinkô ámátaŋasie enkóítóí. So then what we are going to do is get to the footpath before them. See: áâ; a-rá; a-akʉ́ ‘Be’.

ɔl-táa₁ Nom sg: ɔl-táâ. Acc pl: ɨl-táaí. Nom pl: ɨl-táaí. n. Lamp, bulb, lighting in vehicles. Ɨ́nuáá ɔltáa amʉ̂ kímísímís doí áji. Light the lamp because it is dark here in the house. (Pk). See: ɛn-kɨ́láŋɛ́t ‘Lamp’; o-sitíma ‘Power’.

n-táa [North] [North] Button, as an ornament.

táa₂ v.pf. v.subjn. 1 • Suppletive imperative form of a-akʉ́ 'to become'. Táa íyīē ŋotó nakitéjo, níákʉ íyīē ŋotó leuú. You become the mother of the hare, and you the mother of the hyena. (Pk). Táa ɛmáyian. Become a blessing. (Pk).

2 • Subjunctive auxiliary verb. Olesére amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kárɛ̄ʉ̄. "Goodbye, because I am going to drive them away.". See: ɛ́-táá ‘To have become, be about to become’; a-akʉ́ ‘To become’.

ɛ́-táá [West]: ɛ-táá. v. v.aux. 1 • Perfect(ive) of áâ 'be'; to have become. Ɛ́táá taá apá tɔ́tɔna tɛná âŋ, amʉ̂ ɛ́táá apá nɨnyɛ́ ɛnkâŋ ínyī. You stay in this home because it has become your home. Ɛtáá mʉsána ɛná mʉ́katɛ. This bread has become old. (W).

2 • To be about to become. Tʉ́mʉra shʉ́mátá ɛ́ nkají amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kɛ́sha. Plaster the roof of the house because it is about to rain. (Pk). Ɛ́ntasotú ɨmálasin amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kɛ́ɨ́ŋʉrákɨ̄nɨ̄ ɛnapá kɛ́ráí inyî ɨntaléŋo. Collect beer gourds because it is about time for your child to go through initiation. Ɛ́táá kíŋórua ɛmpɨ́dɨ́ŋ. You have looked for the back of my neck. (KS). See: a-rá ‘To be’; táa ‘Imperative 'be'’.

tááisére [North]: téísére. [Chamus]: táiséére. adv. Proximate future time; tomorrow, in a few years to come. Áló Nairóbī tááisére. I will go to Nairobi tomorrow. Áló ɛnkárɛ́ Narɔk tááisére tɛ́nɛ́kɛnyʉ. I will go to Narok tomorrow. (Pk). Ɨ́kɨ́ɛ́l nkɛ́ráí téísére. We will smear the child (with oil) tomorrow. (SN). See: táisíére [North] ‘Tomorrow’; idia ɔlɔ́ŋ ‘Distal future’; mɛtábaɨkɨ́ ‘Tomorrow’.

taákē Strong warning. Taákē nɨ́lám nkɛ́rɑ áinêî. I warn you stay away from my children (daughters).

l-táâm [North] [North] Nom sg: l-taám, l-táâm. [North] Acc pl: l-táámî. [North] Nom pl: l-táamí, ltaamî. n. 1 • [North] Cylindrical big gourd with skin on both ends for storing honey, oil.

2 • [North] Large wooden log used as honey container.

n-táâm [North] [North] Small wooden log used as honey container; produced from the l-áɨ́lɨ́páɨ́ tree.

a-taaná v.mid. To be near. Mmɛ̂ gɨ́ra doí intáre áataana ɛ́mɨdɔ́l ajó ɛntɔ́nátá ó ldóínyó iyíóók kítíí nétíí nɨ́nchɛ ɛncʉ́mátá. The goats and sheep are not near; we are at the foot of the hill and they are at the top. (Pk). Ɛtatáana doí nɨnyɛ́ eníkipuoito. The place that we are going is getting closer. (Cm). Kɛ́tatáana. It has gotten close. (S). See: a-taanɨkɨ́ ‘To be near to’.

taáni Nom sg: táání. n. Someone. Eéwūō táání. Someone has come. Metíí taani. There is nobody in. ḿme taáni no one (W).

ɔl-taáni Acc pl: ɨl-taanak. [North] Nom sg: l-tááni. [North] Acc pl: l-tááná. [North] Nom pl: l-taaná. n. So-and-so (masculine). In S, the person in question and often his name are known. Etíí doí ɔltáání osíádí lóó lkeréri. So-and-so is the last in the queue. Ɛgɨ́ra oshî táatá nɨ́nyɛ ɔltáání atumokí ámaâ naá enotó esíái. So-and-so is succeeding because he has gotten a job. (Pk).

en-taáni In S, this is pejorative.So-and-so (feminine). See: ŋanía ‘So-and-so’.

ɛn-táani Nom sg: ɛn-táání. Acc pl: in-taanák. Nom pl: intaanák. n. Usage: informal. Lady who is nearby. Tíakɨ́ ɛntáani míkíncɔɔ amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ nátaanɨ́kɨ. Tell that lady who is nearby to give (some) to you, because she is nearer. (Pk).

ɔl-táani Man who is nearby.

a-taanɨkɨ́ v.dat. To be near to. Átáánɨ́kɨ amʉ̂ káɨ́dɨm aɨbʉ́ŋa. I am near to it because I can touch it. (Pk). Tíakɨ́ ɛntáani míkíncɔɔ amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ nátaanɨ́kɨ. Tell that lady who is nearby to give (some) to you, because she is nearer. (Pk). Kɛ́taánɨ́kɨ. It is near him. (S).

ɛn-taánī Nom sg: ɛn-táaní. n. Nearness. Éísídáí taá doí ɛntáaní amʉ̂ áítúmóki ataása intokitín kúmok tɛ nkatá nábo. Nearness is good because you can do so many things at the same time. (Pk). See: a-taaná ‘To be near’.

ɛn-táápáí Nom sg: ɛn-taapáí. Acc pl: in-táápa. Nom pl: in-táápa. n. Girl who has become pregnant before circumcision. Óre oshî ɛntáápáí naá entító nanʉtáyu mɛ́mʉ́ráta. Ɛntáápáí is a girl who becomes pregnant before circumcision. (Pk). In S when this happens, the child is aborted and the girl moves on with her life. It appears that for this group, sex between young girls and warriors is not a shameful thing, though pregnancy before circumcision is. See: a-áp ‘To become pregnant before circumcision’; ol-turpá ‘Child born from a girl pregnant before circumcison’.

táarr See: ol-momôî ‘Fruit’. [North] Nom sg: táârr. [North] Acc pl: táarrí. [North] Nom pl: táarrí.

n. [North] Whey. See: kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk’.

táatá adv. 1 • Today. Óu táatá ḿme tááisére. Come today, not tomorrow. (Pk). Nɛ́tɔ̄n táatá tɛ nkaɨná ɛ tatɛnɛ o lórīkā lɛ nkɨtɔɔ ɛ ɛ́nkAī. He sat today at the right hand of the seat of authority (throne) of God.

2 • Nowadays. Óre oshî táatá néméékúré kílótú aɨrɔrɔkɨ́ ánaa apá. Nowadays you don't come to see me like before. (Pk).

3 • Now, just now.

4 • Temporal point. néelíéki ɨláíkípia ɨ́nâ ɨ́nâ táatá. The Laikipia were adoted from that day. See: dúóó ‘Today’; anapârr ‘Today’.

tába [North] v.imp. 1 • [North] Get out of here! Come off it! (eg. said when s.o. is unwilling to accept the report of an interlocutor).

2 • [North] Keep away! Stay away! (eg. said to a sick person).

n-tabás [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tábas. [North] Acc pl: n-tabasí. n. [North] Lowland with trees, where a river disappears. See: n-kɨsɔ́rɔ [North]; wórr [North] ‘Swamp’.

l-tabílibíli [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tábílibíli, l-tábilibíli. [North] Acc pl: l-tabɨ́lɨbɨ́l. [North] Nom pl: l-tábɨlɨbɨ́l. n. [North] Type of insect that makes honey and looks like a bee, but bigger in size; wasp, hornet. See: l-ɛ́tʉ́rŋʉ́ŋ [North] ‘Type of bee’.

ɛn-tábóí Nom sg: ɛn-tabóí. Acc pl: ɨn-tábo. Nom pl: ɨn-tábô. n. Shameful and evil act; major mistake; trouble. Shameful acts include abusing your father. Pɛ́shɔ doí íntáyu íyíé ɛnâ sayíɛ́t inó amʉ̂ imɨ́kɨ́palákíní ɛntábóí naáíjó ɛnâ. It is useless for you to give your gift of appeasement, because you cannot be forgiven for such an evil act. (Pk). Áatɨpɨká ɛnkaí ɛntábóí. God has put me into trouble.

tácáláɨ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: tacaláɨ́. [North] Acc pl: tácala. [North] Nom pl: tácála. adj. [North] Worn out, tired. See: tásháláɨ́ ‘Lazy, wet’; a-cál [North] ‘To be weak’.

n-tácáláɨ́ [North] n. [North] Lazy person.

tádɛkɛnyá [West]: tɛ́dɛkɛnyá. adv. Early morning; the first couple hours after the sun has risen. Óu tádɛkɛnyá amʉ̂ káanyu, káke mílotú taá dáma amʉ̂ áɨ́dɨ́pa ɨna kátá ashɔ́mɔ. Come in the morning because I will wait for you, but don't come in the afternoon because I would have left by that time. (Pk). See: ɛnk-akɛnyá ‘Morning’; ɛ-nasiríé ‘Dawn’; kɛnyá ‘Someday in the future’.

Táduaa! v.pf v.imp. Take care! See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’.

ɔl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́lɨ Variant: ɔl-tagɨ́lɨgɨlɨ; ɔl-tágɨ́lɨgɨlɨ. Nom sg: ɔl-tágíligíli. Acc pl: ɨl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́l. Nom pl: ɨl-tágíligíl. [North] Acc sg: l-tagíligíli. [North] Nom sg: l-tágiligíli. [North] Acc pl: l-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́l. [North] Nom pl: l-tágɨlɨgɨ́l. n. 1 • Molar or premolar; large flat tooth in back of mouth. See: ɔl-alâɨ̂ ‘Tooth’; a-gɨ́l ‘To break’; ɨlálá lɛ́kɨshɨ́á ‘Upper front teeth’.

2 • Fang.

3 • Jaw from one side of the head, either upper or lower part; jaw bone. Kɛ́yá ɔltágɨ́lɨgɨlɨ mmɛ̂ ɛsɛ́dɛ́r anáa ɔlbɔ́ɔny. He took the jaw, not the cheek or the chin. (Pk).

4 • Jaw. See: ol-manyaálishôî ‘Jaw’; ɛ-sɛ́dɛr ‘Jaw’; ɔl-bɔɔ́ny ‘Chin’.

ɛn-tagʉ́lâî Variant: ɛn-takʉ́lâî. [North] Nom sg: n-tágʉlâî. [North] Acc pl: n-tagʉ́l. [North] Nom pl: n-tágʉl. n. Cheek.

l-tágule [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tágúle. [North] Acc pl: l-tagúlia. [North] Nom pl: l-tágulíá. n. [North] Forearm. See: ol-tákule ‘Forearm’.

n-tágule [North] 1 • [North] Forearm.

2 • [North] Ulna.

n-taídīīdī [North] n. [North] Robin. See: n-ámât n-kuwúó [North] ‘Warbler’; nakʉdɛ́l ‘Robin’.

ɔl-taɨká Nom sg: ɔl-táɨ̄kā. Acc pl: ɨl-taɨkân. Nom pl: ɨl-táɨ́kan. [North] Acc sg: l-toiká. n. Warrior's pigtail. Ɛshɛtɨ́ta ɨrmʉ́rrân ɨltaɨkân lɛnyɛ̂. The warriors are making their pigtails. (Pk). See: ol-masí ‘Overgrown hair’.

ɛn-táir Nom sg: ɛn-táír. [Purko] Acc pl: in-táirí. [Purko] Nom pl: in-táirí. [North] Acc pl: n-tairrí. [North] Nom pl: n-táirrí. n. Open shoes (sandals) made from tires. Óre oshî táatá nɛ́taá intáirí eishopí imeekúré aá ɨnamʉ́ka oóloníto anáá apá. These days people wear tire sandals, not leather sandals like before. (Pk). Borrowed word: English tire. See: ɛn-amʉ́kɛ ‘Shoe’.

l-takán [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tákan. [North] Acc pl: l-takaní. [North] Nom pl: l-tákaní. n. 1 • [North] Skillful person (esp. at singing).

2 • [North] Person skilled in any craft (eg. housebuilding).

n-tákánó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-takanó. n. [North] Expertise, ability, knowledge of a craft.

ɛn-tákeitá Nom sg: ɛn-tákeitá. n. Big horn (of an animal).

takúɛ́nya Acc pl: ɛntákúɛ́nya. greeting. Greeting addressed to a woman (by a man of any age to a woman, by a young woman to another young woman, or by a younger woman to an older woman). Yéíyio, takúɛ́nya. Mother, Hello. "Hi.". The response made to takúɛ́nya is íkó. Syn: éserîân [North] ‘Greeting to women’. See: sʉ́pa ‘Greeting’.

ɛn-takʉ́la Nom sg: ɛn-tákʉlá. Acc pl: ɨn-takɨl. Nom pl: ɨn-tákʉl. [North] Acc sg: tagʉ́láɨ. n. Cheek. See: e-sɛ́dɛr ‘Cheek’.

ɛn-tákule Nom sg: ɛn-tákúle. Acc pl: ɨn-takúlēn. Nom pl: ɨn-tákulén. [North] Acc sg: tágule. Variant: l-takule (B). n. 1 • Forearm, between the hand and the elbow. Káayá ɛntákúle, mmɛ̂ ilkímōjik anáa olóídolól. My forearm hurts, not the fingers or the elbow.

2 • [North] Elbow. See: ol-oidólol ‘Elbow’; en-kikokúá [South] ‘Elbow’; ɛ-rʉ́bátá ‘Joint’.

a-tál v. 1 • To survey, scout, reconnoitre. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlaɨkɨ́tak áatal ɛnkɔ́p. The scouts have gone to scout the land. (Pk). Shɔ́mɔ tátala ine peê tɛ néleŋ níkipuonú adúrie inkíshú. Go and survey there, if you find it green enough with pasture then we can take the cows. (Pk).

2 • To check.

3 • [North] To look across. See: ɔl-átálúnoni ‘Spy’; a-leén ‘To survey, scout’.

en-taláíshi n. Side. abarnishoré entaláíshi enkishómi to shave at one side of the gate of the kraal (Pk).

n-tálátá [North] [North] Nom sg: n-talatá. [North] Acc pl: n-talát. [North] Nom pl: n-talát. n. [North] Clavicle. This term is generally used by women. See: márɨ́sá [North] ‘Clavicle’.

n-talɛ́ [North] Nom sg: n-tálɛ. n. [North] Cloth worn by initiates after circumcision on the lower part of the body.

ɛn-taléŋōī Nom sg: ɛn-táleŋóí. Acc pl: ɨn-taléŋo. Nom pl: ɨn-táleŋo. n. 1 • Magical charm, associated with bewitching s.o. Ɛshɔmɔ́ doí apá ɔlásákútóní ayaʉ́ intaléŋo to láíboni naá lotú asakutushoré. The minor witch has gone to get the charms for witchcraft from a witchdoctor. (Pk).

2 • Solemn ceremony. Mɛyɨɛŋɨ́ áɨ́kātā ɔlkɨ́tɛ́ŋ lɛ́mɛ́ sinyáti tɔɔ́ ntáleŋo. An ox which is not of one colour for a sacred purpose is never slaughtered in any ceremony. (Pk). Kɛ́átáɨ́ intaléŋo tɛndá âŋ ɛmʉ́rátarɛ ɔɔ́ nkɛ́ra. There are solemn ceremonies in that home for the circumcisions of children. (Pk). Kɛ́ŋāɨ̄ lóewúó ɨntaléŋo inónōk. Who came to your party? (W).

a-ɨtaleŋoyíé To give sth. little.

ɔl-talɛ́t Nom sg: ɔl-tálɛt. Acc pl: ɨl-talɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨl-tálɛta. [North] Acc sg: l-talét. [North] Nom sg: l-tálet. [North] Acc pl: l-taléta. [North] Nom pl: l-táleta. n. A raised place, eg. mountain, tree, or man-made shelter, used to look at a far off area especially for approaching enemy; lookout, overlook, observation point. See: a-tál ‘To scout, survey, reconnoitre’.

ɛn-tálɨ́pá n. 1 • Background, history, lineage. Kérūk ɨlMaasáɨ́ ɛntálɨ́pá ɛ papaí linó. Maasai scrutinize the historical background of your father. (KS).

2 • Sacrifical gift, offering.

n-talóci [North] [North] Nom sg: n-táloci. [North] Acc pl: n-talócin. n. n. [North] Side of a gate of the homestead.

2 • n. [North] Lineage. See: ɛn-tɨ́pat ‘Lineage’.

ɛn-talɔ́ɨ́shɨ̄ Acc pl: in-taloishin. n. Gate-post, family gate-post. The family gate-posts are the posts of the family-gate into the kraal. A kraal may have a number of entrances, and each gate will belong to the family living immediately to the right and the left of the gate inside the kraal. The cattle of that family will go in and out of that gate; boys at circumcision are pulled back into their mother's house through the family-gate; members of that family will at all times tend to enter and come out through their own family-gate. Every entrance gate, en-kishómi, into a Maasai settlement, enk-áŋ, has two gate-posts, in-taloishin. One is on the right-hand side of the gate, ɛn-talɔ́ɨ́shɨ̄ ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́, the right-hand gate-post, the other is on the left-hand side of the gate, ɛn-talɔ́ɨ́shɨ̄ ɛ́ kédíányɛ́. Wives nos. 1, 3, 5, etc... of an elder live on the right-hand ɛn-talɔ́ɨ́shɨ̄; wives nos. 2, 4, 6... of an elder live in the left-hand side ɛn-talɔ́ɨ́shɨ̄. All these wives look after part of their husband's cattle herd. On the death of the elder the cattle will stay and be inherited by the ɛn-talɔ́ɨ́shɨ̄ side by which the animals were looked after when the elder was still alive. The cattle therefore do not cross or cut across from one ɛn-talɔ́ɨ́shɨ̄ to the other ɛn-talɔ́ɨ́shɨ̄ on the death of the owner. Children born on the right-hand side have different rights of inheritance than those born on the left. The ɔl-ayíóni bótór lɛ́ nk-áŋ, the senior boy of the settlement is usually the eldest son of the first wife living on the righthand side, though boys born on the left-hand side may have been born earlier and be older.

a-talʉ́ [North] v. [North] To be illegitimate (a person).

táma v.pf v.imp. Subjunctive and PF form of defective verb for 'eat'. Átama. I ate. See: a-ám ‘To eat’.

l-tamaloóti [North] [North] Nom sg: l-támaloóti. [North] Acc pl: l-tamaloót. [North] Nom pl: l-támaloót. n. [North] Muscle spasm; esp. a leg cramp.

l-támâm [North] n. [North] A company of many warriors. See: im-púki ‘Raiding groups’.

ɛn-táméjóí n. Plant sp. whose leaves cause itching. Eyáwúá Kónené ɨmbɛ́nɛ́k ɛ́ ntáméjóí peê elo aitaŋeyú ɔlaláshɛ lɛnyɛ́. Konene has brought the leaves of entamejoi so that he makes his brother itch. (W).

n-tamés [North] [North] Camel. See: ɛn-tamɨ́s ‘Camel’.

ɛn-tamɨ́s Nom sg: ɛn-támɨs. Acc pl: ɨn-tamisî. Nom pl: ɨn-támisî. [Purko] Nom sg: ɛn-támɨ́s. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨn-tamisîn. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨn-támisîn. [North] Acc sg: n-tamés. [North] Nom sg: n-támes. [North] Acc pl: n-tamesí. [North] Nom pl: n-támesí. n. Camel; female camel. Kɛ́ɨ́dɨm ɛntámɨ̂s atɔtɔ́na inkóloŋi tɔmɔn o íŋuan ɛɨtʉ eok ɛnkárɛ́. A camel can stay for fourteen days without water. (Pk). Kóre ntamesí? Where are the camels? (SN). Nónokûâ ntamesí náapuo nkárɛ́. There are the camels going for water. (SN). Nɛ́napɨ́ta ntámesí lkʉ́rʉ́pâ kitó. The camels are carrying lots of luggage. (SN). See: l-aʉ́rr [North] ‘Male camel’; nyɨ́rɨg [North] ‘Young camel’.

l-támóyíáí [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tamoyíáí. [North] Acc pl: l-támoyia. [North] Nom pl: l-támóyia. n. [North] Sick person. See: ɔl-támúéyíáí ‘Sick person’; a-múéí ‘To be sick’; a-múáí [North] ‘To be sick’.

ɔl-támúéyíáí Nom sg: ɔl-tamueyiáí. Acc pl: ɨl-támueyia. Nom pl: ɨl-támúéyía. n. Sick person. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkɛ́ɛya abikokí ɔltámúéyíáí. The sick man is not getting better. (lit: The disease is lasting on the sick man.) (Pk). Ɛgɨ́ra ɔltamueyíáí aɨtɨrrɨŋá mɛtábakɨ. The patient is calm so that he can be treated. (Pk). See: l-támóyíáí [North] ‘Sick person’.

tanáa [North]₁ conj. [North] Or. See: anáaa ‘Or’. Etymology: < tɛ + aná, tɛ + ánaa.

tanáa [North]₂ adv.conj. [North] If (it is). Etymology: < tɛ náa.

ɛn-tanâî [North] Nom sg: n-tánai. [North] Acc pl: n-taná. [North] Nom pl: n-tána. n. 1 • Root, tuber. See: ɛn-tɔnâî ‘Root’.

2 • Weed.

n-tánáŋâ [North] Nom pl: n-tánaŋá. n.pl. [North] Bloody substance secreted from the body of a cow after birth; afterbirth. See: ɛn-taŋáŋi ‘Bloody substance secreted from the body of a cow after birth’.

a-tanareyíá v.subjn. 1 • Should. Ɛtanáreyia nɛ́ɨ́ŋɔ́r ɨltʉŋaná átɛ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́ɨ́pʉ́tá entórroní ó mpukunót pɔɔkɨ́ ɛnkɔ́p. People should take care of themselves because the world is full of all kinds of evil/bad feeling/trouble. (Pk). See: a-narɛ́ ‘To be fitting’.

2 • To be suitable for sth., fit, go well with. Áatanareyíá ɛná kɨ́lâ. This cloth suits me. (W).

a-ɨtanareyíá To match things.

tánki₁ Nom sg: tánkî. Acc pl: tánkin. Nom pl: tankín. n. Chameleon. See: ŋotó tánki ‘Chameleon’; n-árrárráyíok [North] ‘Chamelion’.

ɔl-tánki₂ n. water.tank.

1 • Water tank.

2 • Earlier name for Kilgoris before 1935,based on the existence of a water tank in the area. Maasai still refer to the place by this name. Etymology: < English 'tank'.

ɛn-tánki Small tank.

ɛn-tankilé Nom sg: ɛn-tánkilé. [West] Nom sg: ɛn-tánkɨlɛ. Acc pl: ɨn-tankilên. Nom pl: ɨn-tánkilên. n. [West] Woman, mother. ɛná tankilé this woman. Eíshó ɛntánkilé. The woman/mother is giving birth. (W). Syn: ɛn-tásât ‘Woman’.

ɛn-tánu Variant: ɛn-tánū. Nom sg: ɛn-tánû. Acc pl: ɨn-tánuí. Nom pl: ɨn-tánuí. n. 1 • Pancreas. See: ɛ-naɨgára ‘Pancreas’.

2 • [North] Spleen.

l-tanyánkarɛ [North] n. [North] Nile monitor lizzard (lit: the one that rejects water).

n-táŋáɨ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: n-taŋáɨ́. [North] Acc pl: n-táŋa. n. [North] Woman who has only one child, esp. a girl.

ɛn-taŋáŋi Nom sg: ɛn-táŋaŋi. Acc pl: ɨn-taŋâŋ. Nom pl: ɨn-táŋaŋ. n. The bloody substance secreted from the body of a cow after it gives birth; afterbirth. See: n-tánáŋâ [North] ‘Bloody substance secreted from the body after birth’.

ɔl-taŋátanâ n.

ɛn-taŋátanâ [North] Nom sg: n-táŋatanâ. 1 • Woman who dies childless.

2 • [North] Woman who has died, leaving children.

ɛn-taŋátaŋâ Nom sg: ɛn-táŋátaŋâ. Acc pl: ɨn-taŋátaŋ. Nom pl: ɨn-táŋātāŋ. n. Usage: respect. Deceased old woman, of grandmother age. This implies the woman died past the age of enkitók natudúŋe.

ɔl-taŋátaŋâ Old deceased man; perhaps slightly younger than ɔl-kɨmág. See: ɔl-kɨmáɨ́ta ‘Deceased old man’; ɔl-kɨmág ‘Deceased ancient man’; ɛn-dɔ́rrɔ́p sɛ́sɛ̂n ‘Deceased uncircumcised girl’; ɔl-áɨ́mówúárani ‘Deceased uncircumcised boy’.

ɔl-taŋóroi Nom sg: ɔl-táŋoróí. Acc pl: ɨl-taŋóro. Nom pl: ɨl-táŋóro. n. 1 • Hawk.

2 • Belligerent individual who likes fighting.

ɛn-tapá Nom sg: ɛn-tápa. Acc pl: ɨn-tapân. Nom pl: ɨn-tápan. [North] Acc pl: n-tápaɨ. n. 1 • Flour. See: en-kurmá ‘Flour’; m-pʉsɛk [North] ‘Flour’.

2 • [North] Millet.

3 • Grain.

n-tápán [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tapán. [North] Acc pl: n-tapaní. n. 1 • [North] Footprint. Usage: slightly archaic. See: rrɨ́átá [North] ‘Track, footprint’.

2 • [North] Elephant (lit: of the big footprint). See: ɔl-tɔ́mɛ́ ‘Elephant’.

n-tápáníé [North] Nom sg: n-tápaníé. Acc pl: n-tápán. Nom pl: n-tapán. n. [North] Footprint. Ɛtarrápuakɨ́ ntapân. The footprints (on the soil) have been picked up. (S). See: e-rórúátá ‘footprint, step’.

tápár

n-tápár [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tapár. n. 1 • [North] Milky Way.

2 • [North] Middle of the night; midnight.

l-tápátá [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tapatá. n. [North] Clearing or meadow in the mountains.

tápátɛ̂ [North] [North] Nom sg: tapatɛ̂. [North] Acc pl: tapatɛní. [North] Nom pl: tápatɛní. n. [North] Leather spear scabbard that follows the edges of the blade. See: m-pálantɛ́t [North] ‘Scabbard’.

n-tapayíôî [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tápayíôî. [North] Acc pl: n-tapayíó. [North] Nom pl: n-tápayíó. n. [North] Button. See: ɔl-táa ‘Lamp’.

ɛn-tápɨs Acc pl: ɨn-tápisí. Nom sg: ɛn-tápɨ̂s. Nom pl: ɨn-tápisí. adj. Hermaphrodite, having both male and female sexes. Kégōl ɛntápɨ̂s. The hermaphrodite is very strong. Syn: sʉnkʉlaité ‘Hermaphrodite’. See: olupí ‘Barren’; ɔ-sʉ́nash ‘Bull with one testicle’; ɔl-dárpóí ‘Bull without testicles’; ɔl-kúunta ‘Castrated bull’; kódílé [North] ‘Male with one testicle’; ɔ-sátima ‘Castrated bull’; ɔ-sáídóŋóí ‘Castrated male’.

ɛ-tapɔlɔ́lɛ n. Abortion. Abortion is not common, is a matter for investigation, and is not considered good. It is believed that a woman can eat certain things to PREVENT abortion; and that if she refuses to do it, abortion may result. Or, the woman could take certain herbs or drugs to cause abortion.

ɛ́-tápɔ́lɔ́lɛ̄ ɔr-páāshɛ̄ v.phrase. To loose a wife in death (lit: The fence fell apart.).

ɛn-tapʉ́kái Nom sg: ɛn-tápʉkái. Acc pl: ɨn-tapʉ́ka. Nom pl: ɨn-tápʉka. [North] Acc sg: tapʉ́káɨ. [North] Nom sg: n-tápʉkáɨ̄. [North] Acc pl: n-tapúkā. [North] Nom pl: n-tápʉ̄kā. n. Flower (generic), flowering part of a plant.

ɨntapʉ́ka ɔ́ lpáēkī sprouting part of the corn. Ɛtubúlutúa ɨntápʉka tɛ ɔlcáni. Flowers have grown on the tree. Usage: The plural ɨntapʉ́ka implies a number of individual flowers, in contrast to maúa which indicates a 'bunch' or 'boquet' of flowers..

ɔl-tapʉ́kai Usage: rare. Big flower. See: a-ɨtapʉ́k ‘To be flowery’.

ɔl-tápʉ̂t n. Ceiling (of any room or building); roof (of a Maasai house). Ɛtʉ́bʉ́lʉ́á ɛnkɛráɨ́ amʉ̂ ɛɨbʉ́ŋá ɔltápʉ̂t. The child is now grown up because she is able to touch the ceiling. (W).

l-tápʉ́tɛ́t [Chamus] n. [Chamus] Bed. See: e-rruât ‘Bed’; l-kɔrrɔ́r [North] ‘Bed’; dápásh ‘Broad’.

ɔl-tápʉ́ʉ̄t Nom sg: ɔl-tapɔʉ́t. Acc pl: ɨltapʉʉtɨ́. Nom pl: ɨltápʉʉtɨ́. n. Structure constructed in a tree to store meat away from animals, used by warriors in the bush; arboreal meat cache.

a-tár v. 1 • To mark.

2 • To pay attention to.

3 • To prevent death by means of a talisman or charm.

(ɛn)-tárá Nom sg: ɛn-tára. n.sg. adv. The time between about 8:00 p.m. to midnight; late evening. Eyétuo ŋolé tárá ɨlmʉ́rrân ɛnkáŋ âŋ. [ɛ̀ŋkáŋ àŋ] The warriors came to our home between about 7:00 and 11:00. (Pk). Eisídáí ŋolé ɛntára. The evening yesterday was good/fun. See: en-téípa ‘Evening’.

ɛ́n-tárâ Nom sg: ɛn-tárâ. Acc pl: ɨn-tárâî. Nom pl: ɨn-táráî. [Purko] Acc pl: ín-tárâî. [Purko] Nom pl: ín-táráí. n. Python. Ɛ́táŋóró ɛ́ntárâ ɔláshê nɛ́ar metúá. [ɛ̀ntàrà] The python has poisoned the calf and it is dead. (Pk). ɛ́ntárâ tara-mɛʉ́t [ɛ̀ntàrà tàràmɛ̀ʊ́t] spotted viper. See: ɛ-mɛ́ʉ ‘Python’.

tárâ₁ adj. Spotted and colorful. Tɔ́bɔɨnʉ́ ɛldɛ̂ áshê tárâ níŋúáá ɔlɔ́ɨ́bɔ̄r. [tàɾà] Bring that spotted calf and leave the white one. (Pk).

tara-mɛʉ́t Spotted like a giraffe, with even distribution of black and brown, or of black and red spots. Term may apply to cattle, felines, goats, vipers, and to non-animals. Áɨ́tara-mɛʉ́t apá olashé ɔ́ɨ́nɔsá orŋójine. The calf that was spottted like a giraffe was eaten by the hyena. (Pk). See: én-tárâ ‘Viper’; mára ‘Spotted, patchy’; mɛʉ́t ‘Giraffe’.

ɔl-tarákúâî [ɔltarákwâî] [North] Nom sg: l-tárakúâî. [North] Acc pl: l-tarákua. [North] Nom pl: l-tárakúá. n. 1 • African "pencil" cedar tree. Juniperus procera.

2 • Cedar wood.

ɛn-tarákúâî 1 • Name of a herb or shrub. anthospermum welwitschii.

2 • [North] Cedar tree, used in house construction. Juniperus procera.

ɛn-tárakuet Nom sg: ɛn-tárákuet. Acc pl: ɨn-tarákūētī. Nom pl: ɨn-tárakuetí. n. Impala. Ɛkuɛtá ɛnadoí tárákuet nágɨ́rá adaá aɨŋataá oldía. The impala that was grazing has run away from the dog. (Pk). Syn: n-kotií ‘Antelope sp.’. See: l-tárawuɛt [North] ‘Impala’.

ɛn-tárám [North] Nom sg: n-tarám. [North] Acc pl: n-taramá. [North] Nom pl: n-táramá. n. 1 • Stomach.

2 • [North] Inner thigh.

ŋɔ́ny ɛ ntárám [North] [North] Main blood vessel in a limb.

ɨn-tarasí Nom pl: ɨn-tárasí. Acc pl: ɨn-tarasín. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨn-tarasîn. n.pl. 1 • Forever, eternally. Tɛnɛ́ákʉ́ oshî etúá ɔltʉ́ŋání, nɛ́yɛ́ intarasí. If somebody dies (physically), he dies forever. (Pk).

2 • Always. Óre oshî nɨnyɛ́ náa kéítáálan intarasí pɔɔkɨ́. As for him (her), he (she) always makes mistakes. (Pk).

l-tárawuɛt [North] [North] Nom sg: l-táráwuɛt. [North] Acc pl: l-tarawuetí. [North] Nom pl: l-tárawuetí. n. [North] Impala. Aepyceros melampus. See: ɛn-tárakuet ‘Impala’.

tárdóí [North] [North] Nom sg: tardóí. [North] Acc pl: tárdo. [North] Nom pl: tardô. adj. [North] Crippled, lame.

a-tardonú [North] v.incep. [North] To become crippled or lame. See: tárdóí [North] ‘Crippled, lame’.

ɨn-taré Nom pl: in-táre. [North] Acc sg: n-tarɛ́. [North] Nom pl: n-tárɛ. n.pl. 1 • Young sheep and goats together; small stock. Ɛ́ntɛrɛʉ intaré mɛshɔ́mɔ áɨ́tanak ilkuoóo. Take the sheep/goats so that they can have their lambs/kids suckle. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkáyíóní aɨrrɨtá ɨntaré. The boy has gone to look after the goats and sheep. (Pk).

ɨn-taré

2 • [North] Female sheep. See: en-kíné ‘Sheep’; en-kérr ‘Sheep’.

ɛn-táréí Variant: ɛn-tarêî. Nom sg: ɛn-taréí. Acc pl: ɨn-taré. Nom pl: ɨn-táre. n. Usage: pl. Flock of sheep or goats.

ɔl-tárgɛ́ Nom sg: ɔl-targɛ́. Acc pl: ɨl-tárgɛta. Nom pl: ɨl-targɛtá. n. Wooden hook used to pull thorny bushes for making a fence. It is relatively long in size with a hook on one end for pulling and two spikes on the other end for pushing.

ɛn-tárgɛ́ Small wooden hook. See: ol-koncóorr ‘Wooden hook’.

ɛn-targéetî Nom sg: ɛn-tárgéetî. Acc pl: ɨn-targéēt. Nom pl: ɨn-tárgeét. [North] Nom sg: n-tárgeetî. n. Grasshopper.

See: ɔl-máatî ‘Grasshopper’.

L-tárígírígí [North] [North] Nom sg: L-tarigirigí. [North] Acc pl: L-tarɨ́gɨrɨ́g. [North] Nom pl: L-tárɨgɨrɨ́g. n. Usage: plural. Spencer (1965).[North] Age-set circumcised around 1865.

n-taríki [North] [North] Nom sg: n-táriki. [North] Acc pl: n-tarikiní. [North] Nom pl: n-tárikiní. n. [North] Calendar date. Etymology: Swahili tarehe.

ɔl-tárin Nom sg: ɔl-tárîn. n.sg. Momentary love. See: l-kɨtaríno [North] ‘momentary love’.

a-tarʉ́ v. To prevent death by means of talisman. Ɛtatáruakɨ́ ɛldɛ̂ kúoo amʉ̂ ɛitʉ́ erik ŋɔtɔnyɛ́. That kid/lamb has been saved from dying by means of talisman because it's mother did not lead it. (Pk).

(ɛn-)tarubíni Nom sg: (ɛn-)tárubíni. Acc pl: in-tarubininí. Nom pl: in-tárubininí. n. Binoculars. Áɨ́shɔ́ɔ náají ɔlashʉmpáí ɛntarubíni ɛnyɛ̂ maɨŋórie ɨltɔmíá oókito ɛnkárɛ́. The European gave me his binoculars to observe elephants drinking water. (Pk).

ɛn-tárúnotó n. 1 • Mark or charm with which to prevent sickness or death.

2 • [North] Practice of changing the way someone (eg. child, cow) is adorned, in the belief that it will prevent its death after an older child or cow has died. See: a-tár ‘To prevent death by talisman’.

n-tasá [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tása. [North] Acc pl: n-tasân. [North] Nom pl: n-tásan. n. 1 • [North] Leaves laid down for placing meat on top of after roasting.

2 • [North] Bag spread on ground for holding the meat of a slaughtered animal. See: ɛn-áráá ‘Leaves to lay meat on top of’.

ɛn-tásat₁ Nom sg: ɛn-tásât. Acc pl: ɨn-tasáti. Nom pl: ɨn-tásatí. [West] Acc pl: ɨn-tasátī. [North] Acc pl: n-tasátí. [North] Nom pl: n-tásatí. n. 1 • Old woman, prototypically of grandmother age. Átóduaa ɛntásat natiwúó ɔlcɔrɛ́ lɛ mpapa. I have seen an old woman of my grandmother's age who is the mother of my father's friend. (Pk). Nɛ́dʉmʉ́nyɛ ɨntásatí ɛ́ ɨ́na áŋ, ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ ɔladúóó ... Women of that home get up, [including] the mother of that young man [who is about to be married] ... According to one S speaker, ɛn-tásat is usually over 80 years old.

2 • Woman. Ɛtarapɔ́she ɛná tásat. This woman is pregnant. In some areas this could be a woman in her 30's or so, who is already a mother, typically of more than one child. (Pk) In other areas the term is restricted to elderly women.

3 • Senior wife. Nɛ́aráā ɛnapá tásat ɛnyɛ́ botor. He chased away his older wife. Ɛshɔmɔ́ apá ɛntásât ɛ́nyɛ bɔtɔ́r aɨŋúáá. His senior wife has left him. (Pk).

ɔl-tásat 1 • Old man of grandfather age; respected elder.

2 • [North] Elderly infirm man.

tásat₂ Nom sg: tásât. Acc pl: tasátī. Nom pl: tásatí. adj. 1 • Disabled, withered, weakly. Ɛ́táá doí apá tásat ɛldɛ́ áyíóní, imeekúré aa bíyoto. That boy is disabled, he is no longer healthy. (Pk). Ɛ́táá tásat, imeekúré apá ɛɨdɨ́m atanápa intokitín naáíroshi. He is weak; he is no longer able to carry heavy things. (Pk).

2 • Old, elderly. Usage: humans. kʉlɔ̂ payianí ɔáre tasátī olêŋ these two very ancient men (W). Ádɔ́lɨ́ta kʉlɔ̂ payianí ɔáre tasátī ɔ ɛ́ldɛ tásat olêŋ. I see these two old men and that very old one. (W).

n-tasátīcō [North] n. [North] Prolonged illness (of a person of any age). See: ɛn-tásat ‘Old woman’.

ɛn-tásɨm Nom sg: ɛn-tásɨ̂m. Acc pl: ɨn-tásimi. Nom pl: ɨn-tásími. [North] Acc sg: n-tásɨ̂m. [North] Nom sg: n-tásɨ̂m. [North] Acc pl: n-tasímī. [North] Nom pl: n-tásimí. n. 1 • A charm superstitiously believed to embody magical powers given to s.o. by : oloibóni as part of treatment.

2 • Sth. that is done for the sake of doing it, not important. See: a-ɨtasɨ́m ‘To try to do sth.’.

3 • [North] The ritual portion of circumcisions, weddings, etc., involving sacrifice and slaughtering.

tasɨrán [North] n. [North] Dawn, morning. See: tádɛkɛnyá ‘Morning’.

tásháláí Nom sg: tashaláí. Acc pl: táshala. Nom pl: táshála. adj. 1 • Idle, lazy. Ádɔ́lɨ́ta ɔlpayíán tásháláí. [ɔ̀lpàyyán tāʃālāy] I am seeing a lazy old man. (W).

2 • Wet.

ɔl-tásháláí n. 1 • Lazy person. Óre ɔltásháláí laáíjó ɛlɛ̂ némétum áɨ́káta tóki amʉ̂ ɨmɛɨŋɔ́rrʉ. A lazy person like this can never get anything because he does not look. (Pk).

2 • Wet person. Ɨ́ncɔɔ dúóó ɛlɛ̂ tásháláí ɔtasháíkíá dúóó nɛ́ákʉ́ kɛ́ɨ́lɨ́bɨ́lɨb ɛnɛɛ́yɨm. Let this wet one who was rained on earlier and became wet pass. (Pk). See: kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂ ‘Lazy, slovenly’; en-kéréisho; n-kashálani (S) ‘Lazy one’.

tátɛ́nɛ́ [North] Acc sg: tɛ́tɛ́nɛ. Variant: tɛ́tɛ́nɛ́. [Chamus] Acc sg: tɛtɛnɛ. n. 1 • Right. Túŋeikíákɨ ɛnkáɨ́ná ékédíányɛ́, ɨ́mbʉŋákɨ ɛnɛ̂ tátɛ́nɛ́. Let go of my left hand and hold the right one. Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlárɛwání lɛ́ gárri aaraá encótó ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́ ɔ́ lgwɛ̂ peê mɛ́rʉ́s inkíshú. The driver of the car is keeping/fighting to the right side of the road so that he doesn't hit the cows. (W).

2 • Senior age-set of an age-group. Óre nánʉ́ náa kárá ɔlɛ́mʉ́ráta ékédíányɛ́, óre nɨ́nyɛ náa ɔlɛ́mʉ́ráta ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́. [ɔ̀lɛ́mʊ́ɾáta ɛ̀kɛ̀dìàɲɛ̀] [ɔ̀lɛ́mʊ́ɾáta ɛ̀ tàtɛ̀nɛ̀] I am of the left-hand age-set, and he is of the right-hand age-set. (Pk). See: kédíányɛ́ ‘Left’.

ɨl-Tatúá n.prop n.pl. il-Tatua; place in Tanzania.

ɔl-táʉ́ Nom sg: ɔl-táʉ. Acc pl: ɨl-taʉjá. Nom pl: ɨl-táʉja. [North] Nom pl: l-táʉjá. In some suffixed forms: ɔl-táʉ́j. n. 1 • Heart (of person or animal); the organ inside the chest which controls the flow of blood by pushing it around the body. Ɔltáʉ́ oshî ɔ́rɛʉ ɔsárgɛ́ tósesen lɛ́ŋʉɛs pɔɔkɨ́ naɨshʉ́. It is the heart that drives (pumps up) blood in the body of evey living thing being. (Pk).

2 • Person's feelings; centre of life, breath, soul. In S, this is though of as being located at the bottom of the throat. Mɛɛ́ta ɔltáʉ́ lɛ́ siaai. He does not feel like working. (lit: He does not have a heart of work.) (Pk).

3 • Central or most important part. Óre apá entóki natíī ɔltáʉ́ lɛnyɛ́, náa meyíéú kʉnâ anáshara ɛnyɛ́ná nápuo. There was sth. that was in his heart, that he didn't want these sisters of his to go [to be married]. ɔltáʉ́ lɛ́ ngárɨ a car's engine. Óre ɔltáʉ́ léína síááî pɔɔkɨ́ náa peê ɛ́lákɨ́ aké ɨna sílē. The heart of all that business is to pay the debt. (Pk). amʉ̂ ɛ́ɨ́dɨ́pâ nɨ́ncɛ áaɨsʉjá ɨltaʉjá lɛnyɛ̂ because they have cleansed their hearts (C).

4 • Someone close, dear, important to another. Ɔltáʉ́ láí doí oshî ɨlɔ́ tʉ́ŋání imɛɛ́ta entóki náás ɛ́ɨ́tʉ́ aɨkɨlɨ́kuan anáa alíki. That person is very important to me; I don't do anything without consulting or informing him. (Pk).

ɛn-táʉ́ Usage: contemptuous. Small heart. Ɨ́wa dúóó ɛntáʉ́ inó idia ɔ́ŋátá peê teníló ayɛ́ nímíkílótú nánʉ́ aitoŋú. Take your "small heart" far away (from me) so that if you die you don't tarnish my name.

ɔl-táʉ́ sɨnyáti Usage: religious. Holy spirit. Óre oshî ɔlairúkoni pɔɔkɨ́ náa kéíshíákínó náa ɔltáʉ́ Sinyáti órikóo inkiasin ɛnyɛ́na. Every believer is supposed to let the Holy Spirit guide his action.

ɔl-táʉ́ ogól (lɔ́ soit) Somebody who cannot easily be overcome by emotions (lit: heart that is hard (of stone)). Kɛ́ɛ́ta ɔltáʉ́ ogól ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání ɔlɛ́méírut tɛnɛ́jokiní ɛtʉ́á mɛnyɛ́. This man is heart-hardened; he does not show any worry even when his father is dead.

ɔl-táʉ́ ɔ́náná (loó nkiri) [ɔ̀láʊ́ ɔ̀nànà] Contrite of heart, a broken-heart (lit: soft heart). Ɛ́sídáí ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ɔta ɔltáʉ́ ɔ́náná amʉ̂ kɛ́íríndʉ ɨntɔrɔ̂k ɛnyɛ́na. Someone with a contrite heart is good because he can repent of his wrongdoing.

ɔl-táʉ́ ɔgɨlɨgɨ́la Contrite of heart, a broken heart.

ɔl-táʉ́ sídáí Good-hearted. Kéísídáí oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́tɔta ɔltáʉ́ sídáí amʉ̂ kɛ́palíki ɨlkʉlɨ́káɨ́ tɛnɛ́ɨ́nyál. A good-hearted person is good because he forgives others when they wrong him.

ɔl-táʉ́ tɔrrɔ́nɔ́ Bad-hearted. Imeboitároyú ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ɔta ɔltáʉ́ tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ amʉ̂ kɛ́pʉsʉ́s inkatítin pɔɔkɨ́. You cannot live together with a bad-hearted person, because he is always frowning.

aduŋó táʉ́ To die (lit: to be cut the heart).

ɛn-táwúó Nom sg: ɛn-tawúó. Acc pl: ɨn-tawúá. Nom pl: ɨn-táwua. n. 1 • Heifer. Ɛ́ɨ̄kawua ɛntawúó. My heifer has calved for the first time. (Pk).

2 • [North] Heifer that has never calved.

3 • Relationship term used between two men who have exchanged a heifer. This exchange creates a special category of friendship. Ekélotú siî nɨ́nyɛ ɛntawúó ɨna ɔlɔ́ŋ kíátâ ɛ́máshói. Even my ɛntawúó will be here the day of the ceremony. (Pk). See: ɛnk-áshê ‘Calf’. Etymology: Proto-OngamoMaa *-tawwo 'calf, female -/heifer'(Vossen 1989:196), from Proto-Eastern Nilotic *-tagw- 'calf, female -/heifer'(Vossen 1982:343)..

tɛ prep. Oblique preposition, used to introduce noun phrases or adverbial clauses. It has a wide range of senses, covering the instrumental sense of 'using'; location 'in, at'; 'for' in certain contexts; 'circumstance', etc. With adverbial subordinate clauses, it indicates 'if' or 'when'. Only the associative 'with (a person)' sense is not conveyed by tɛ. Ádúŋ tɛ (ɛ)nkalɛ́m. I cut it with a knife. tɛná katá in this time. Nɨ́kɨyaʉ aké tɛ (ɛ)síaŋau. We will just bring them in a calabash piece. Tɛ nɨ́mɨ́kɨ́ndɨm aɨshɔ́ɔ ɛlɛ̂ kɨ́tɛ́ŋ obô, náa kááɨdɨm aɨshɔ́ɔ kʉlɨkaɨ móŋí aáre. If you cannot give me this one bullock, then I can give you two other bullocks. Ashê olêŋ tɔ kɨ́lɨkúâî linyî. Thank you very much for your (pl.) message.

tɛ ídíá aló On that side (eg. on the outside of a house).

tenébō Associative; together. See: tɛná < tɛ ɛná ‘In this’; ɔ́ ‘Associative, 'and' 'with'’.

tɛ́dɛkɛnyá adv. Morning.

ɛn-tɛ́dɛkɛnyá n. The morning. Éjó áá ɛntɛ́dɛkɛnyá? How is the morning? Éjó áá ɛntɛ́dɛkɛnyá? Sídáí olêŋ! How is the morning? Very good! (lit: What does the morning say? Very good!) (W). See: tádɛkɛnyá ‘Early morning’.

l-teéle [North] Nom sg: l-téele. n.prop. [North] Samburu clan that specializes in circumcision.

a-teeyó [North] v. [North] To direct, advise, counsel.

tɛ́ɨ́na dem. From that, in that (feminine sg.); contraction from tɛ ɨnâ. See: tɛ ‘Oblique preposition’; ɨ́nâ ‘That’.

téíne dem. There; in that place. See: ínê ‘There’.

en-téípa Nom sg: en-téípâ. Acc pl: in-téípai. Nom pl: in-téípái. [North] Acc sg: (n-)téípa. [North] Nom sg: (n-)-téípâ. n. adv. Late afternoon or evening, between about 4:00 p.m. until 7:00 p.m. Tɛ ntéípâ adé epuonú iladúóó áyianí ɔ́ɔ́shɔ́mɔ̂ tádɛkɛnyá. It is in the evening that the men who left in the morning will come. (Pk). Éjó áá entéípa? Sídáí olêŋ! How is the evening? Very good! (W). See: ɛ-raúto ‘Dusk’; ɛn-áɨ́mɨn ‘Darkness’.

téísére [North] [North] Tomorrow. See: táaisére ‘Tomorrow’.

téisíére [North] Variant: táisíére. n. adv. [North] Tomorrow. See: tááisére ‘Tomorrow’.

a-tɛ́j v. To swell. Káatɛjá nkáíná. My arm is swelling. (S). See: a-ilubulub ‘To blister’.

a-ték [North] v. [North] To deflect, divert.

a-tekú [North] v.dir. [North] To guide, show the way.

ɛn-tɛ́kɛ Variant: n-dɛ́kɛ (S). Nom sg: ɛn-tɛ́kɛ̂. Variant: ɛn-tɛ́kɛ́ (Pk). Acc pl: in-tékeí. Nom pl: in-tékeí. n. Aeroplane. Átóduaa dúóó ɛntɛ́kɛ nalóíto tolóíŋaŋɛ. I saw an aeroplane that was moving in space. (Pk). Ɛntɛ́kɛ ɨ́ɨm? Are you going by plane?

ol-telélīāī Nom sg: ol-télelíai. Acc pl: ɨl-telélīā. Nom pl: ɨl-télelíá. [North] Acc pl: ɨl-talélīā. n. The fingerlike flesh, normally two, that hangs on a goat's dewlap. See: ɔl-gɔ́lgɔl ‘Dewlap’.

telepéshen Nom sg: télepéshen. Acc pl: in-telepeshení. Nom pl: in-télepeshení. n. Television. Ɛɨtɔdɔ́luakɨ́ ŋolé ilarikók tɛ télepéshen. Leaders yesterday were shown on the television. (Pk). Etymology: < English television.

a-tɛ́m v. 1 • To measure. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ ŋolé inkáyiok mɛshɔ́mɔ́ɨ́ áatɛm iséseni peê eyiolouní ɛnɛbâ inkílaní naajîŋ. The boys went yesterday to be measured so that it can be known which clothes fit. (Pk). atɛ́m aipím To measure the height/weight of sth. (S). See: a-ipím ‘To measure’.

2 • To try, attempt. Ɛtɛtɛmáka. She gave birth, but the child died very soon thereafter. (lit: She has tried.). See: a-nyók ‘To try’; a-saán [North] ‘To try’.

3 • To test. See: ɛn-tɛ́mátá ‘Test’.

4 • To imagine. Áyíéú nɨ́tɛ́m siî náají adʉmʉ́ tanáa kélotú ɔlápâ ɛnkɔ́p. I want you to imagine whether the moon will come to the ground. (Pk).

5 • To think.

6 • [North] To consider, deliberate, weigh a decision.

áa-tɛma v.mid.pl. To try each other out. Ɛgɨ́ra iláyiok áatɛma áɨŋʉraa ajó kálɔ̂ ógol. The boys are trying each other to see which is strong. (Pk).

a-tɛmaá v.dir. 1 • [North] To try out, ease into.

2 • To measure.

3 • To tempt.

a-tɛmakɨ́ v.dat. To abort.

a-tɛmarɛ́ v.mid v.inst. 1 • To strive with. Míntóki doí atɛmarɛ́ amʉ̂ ɨmɨnɛ́pʉ aké. Stop striving with him (about who can run fast), because he is a better runner. (Pk).

2 • [North] To gauge oneself against.

a-tɛmʉ́ [North] v.dir. [North] To consider within oneself.

ɛn-tɛ́mátá Nom sg: n-tɛmatá. Acc pl: ɨn-tɛmát. Nom pl: ɨn-tɛmát. [West] Acc sg: ɛn-tɨ́mátá. n. 1 • Exam, test. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkɛráɨ́ adamɨshɔ́ amʉ̂ kélóíto aás ɛntɛ́mátá. The child is thinking because she is going to do an exam. (Pk). Einépūā apá lɛ́lɔ̂ enduŋórotó ɛ́ntɛ̄mātā. Those were eliminated (found) by the cut-off point of the exam. (Pk). Kógól kʉná tɛmát. These tests are hard. Káɨ́báyie néníá tɛmát. I have hated those tests. (SN). Ɛɨ́má Kónené ɛntɛ́mátá abarakɨ́. Konene passed the test correctly. (W). Ɛtódúá Kɨ́mɛlɨ ajó kégól ɛntɨmatá. Nɛ́kɛnyʉ́ kɨ́âs ɛntɨ́mátá. [nɛ́kɛ̀nyʊ́ kɪ̀às ɛ̀ntɪ́mátá] Kimeli thought that the exam would be difficult. The next morning we did (took) the exam. (W). See: a-tɛ́m ‘To test’.

2 • [North] Temptation.

3 • Trouble, trial.

ɔl-tɛ́mɛ́náyíóí n. Belittling. Nɛ́mɛ́átāɨ̄ siî ɔltɛ́mɛ́náyíóí. There is no belittling (what one says). (KS).

ɛn-tɛ́mɛ́náyíóí Belittled one.

n-témér [North] [North] Nom sg: n-temér. n. [North] Dance/song performed by warriors with girls.

a-tɛ́n v. To be fast in running, swift. Míntóki doí atɛmarɛ́ amʉ̂ nɨ́nyɛ ɔtɛ́n tɛ íyīē. Stop striving with him [about who can run] because he is faster. (Pk). This does not apply to walking. See: a-nɛnɛ́ŋ ‘To be light’.

tɛnâ prep dem. 1 • With, at this (instrument). tɛnâ alɛ́m with this knife.

2 • In this time; soon. Álótú tɛná katá. I will come soon.

tɛnákatá Right now, soon. See: tɛ ‘Oblique preposition’; ɛnâ ‘This’.

tɛnáa conj. 1 • If. Tɛnáa taá ílótú tááisére tólikíóki peê ááányʉ́. If you are coming tomorrow, tell me so that I can wait for you. (Pk). Nɛ́ākʉ̄ tɛnáa náají kéítúrrūrrī náají ɨnkayîôk áâ ɨláɨ́bártak... So if boys could be gathered together that are newly-circumcised...

2 • Whether. Shɔ́mɔ ɛldɛ̂ túrrúr otíí ɛndɛ̂ ɨ́ŋurááɨ́ tɛnáa ítʉ́m. Go to that group that is there and see if/whether you can find (sth.). (W).

3 • I think so.

tɛnákatá [Purko]: tanákatá. adv. 1 • Immediately, right now, at this moment. Máapé tɛnákatá peê mɛ́ɨ́ŋátaa iyíóók adé. Let us go now so that he does not miss us later (eg. in the evening). (Pk). Ɛgɨ́ra enkóílií apɛrá tanáktá. The gazelle is pronking right now. (Pk).

2 • The present time, present era, now. Káke kinyâ apákē iyioók sɨ́nkɨ́r lɛ́ nkárɛ́ ɔ tɛnákatá. But we used to eat fish of the water up to now. (C).

3 • Soon.

tɛ́nákatá aké Immediately. Tɛnákatá aké kipúó amʉ̂ kɛ́ɨ́ŋátáá iyíóók. We are going immediately because we will be left. (Pk). See: adé ‘Later in the day’.

tendé dem. In that place, there. Mmê náájí tené, átóduaa tendé. I did not see it here, I saw it there. (Pk). aɛná tendé wúéjî to be tied there (Pk). Etymology: < tɛ endé 'OBL there.NOM'. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives; enê ‘Singular place demonstrative’.

tené [North] Acc sg: tɛnɛ́. prep dem. In this place; here. Etymology: tɛ + ené. See: tɛ ‘Oblique preposition’.

tenébo adv. Together. Etymology: < tɛ nébo 'OBL place which is one'.

n-tɛ́pát [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tɛpát. [North] Acc pl: n-tɛpatí. n. [North] Fruit bat. See: n-tɨ́pát [North] ‘Fruit bat’.

ɛn-tɛ́pɛ Nom sg: ɛn-tɛ́pɛ̄. Acc pl: in-tépeí. Nom pl: in-tépeí. n. 1 • Flat round bead like a button but with the hole through the diameter of the bead.

2 • Flat round tablet or pill. See: ɔ-saêî ‘Bead’.

ɨn-tɛ́pɛ̂n [Purko] Nom pl: ɨn-tɛ́pɛn. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨn-tɛpɛ́n. n.pl. 1 • Legends, stories, accounts. ɨntɛ́pɛ̂n ɛ́ Máásáɨ̂ Accounts of the Maasai.

2 • Excuses; fables. Ɨ́ŋorʉ́ dúóó intɛ́pɛ̂n nímítíeé adé. You look for excuses for denying that. (Pk).

l-tɛ́pɛ́s [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tɛpɛ́s. [North] Acc pl: l-tɛ́pɛs. [North] Nom pl: l-tɛ́pɛ̂s. n. [North] A common and important species of acacia; its ripe pod is called ságaramî. Acacia tortilis. See: ságaramî [North] ‘Acacia tortilis pod’.

ol-tépésí Acc pl: il-tepes. n. 1 • Red thorn tree. acacia lahai.

2 • White thorn tree. acacia seyal. Kɛ́ɨ́bɔrr oshî intápuka ó ltépésí. The flowers of an acacia tree are white. (Pk). [̌́óltepesi]

3 • Umbrella thorn tree. acacia tortilis.

en-tépésí acacia brevispica. Wait-a-bit thorn-tree.

en-teré Nom sg: en-tére. Acc pl: in-terên. Nom pl: in-téren. n. n. Trough. Ɛ́ncɔm ɛntɨ́pɨ́k enteré ɛmákát peê ɛnyɛ́ ɨntáre. Go put salt in the trough for sheep and goats to lick. (Pk). Syn: em-peút, ɛ-mʉharátɛ ‘Trough’.

2 • n. Mortar. Shɔ́mɔ íyaʉ́ enteré peê eidoŋíéki isekétek lɨkɨncɔ́rɨ. Go and bring a mortar for the grinding of traditional medicine that will be given to you. (Pk). Etymology: See Proto-Kalenjin *ter(et) 'clay pot'. See: en-téreét ‘Pot, mortar, trough’.

en-téreét Nom sg: en-téreét. Acc pl: ɨn-tereetí. Nom pl: ɨn-téreetí. n. 1 • Pot. See: subúria ‘Pot’.

2 • Mortar. See: en-kídóŋét; en-kiurí ‘Mortar’; l-kɨ́cɔ́pɛ́t [Chamus] ‘Mortar’.

3 • Trough for feeding cattle salt. See: em-peút; en-teré ‘Trough’.

l-tɛrɛ́gɛ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tɛ́rɛgɛ. [North] Acc pl: l-terégia. n. [North] Scrotum together with testicles; male genitals.

ol-terégelî Nom sg: ol-térégelî. Acc pl: ɨl-tɛrɛ́gɛ. Nom pl: ɨl-tɛ́rɛgɛ. n. Testicle (of human or animal). Eitáyokí ɨltɛrɛ́gɛ pɔɔkɨ́ra aáre. Both testicles have been removed. Kɛ́ɨ́kʉtɨ́tɨ́ ɨltɛ́rɛgɛ lɛ́nyɛnák. Its testicles are small. See: l-téregénî [North] ‘Testicle’.

téregénî [North] Acc sg: l-téregénî. [North] Nom sg: l-teregenî. [North] Acc pl: l-tɛrɛ́gɛn. [North] Nom pl: l-tɛ́rɛgɛ́n. n. [North] Testicle. See: ol-térégelî ‘Testicle’.

l-térépáí [North] [North] Nom sg: l-terepáí. [North] Acc pl: l-terepaní. [North] Nom pl: l-térepaní. n. [North] Driver (eg. of a car). Etymology: English 'driver'.

n-tɛ́rɛ́pɛ́nya [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tɛ́rɛ̄pɛ̄nya. n. [North] Spider web, cobweb.

terishét [North] prep. [North] Between. "Kéísúpat aná áji": "anâ" nátií terishét "kéísúpat" ɔ́ "ají". (In the sentence) Kéísúpat aná áji, (the word) anâ is between kéísúpat and ají. (SN). See: a-rɨ́sh ‘To divide, separate’; tɛ ‘Oblique preposition’.

en-térít Nom sg: en-terít. Acc pl: in-teritó. Nom pl: in-térito. [North] Nom pl: n-téritó. n. Dust; loose top soil on the surface of the ground, table, floor; soil. Kɛ́dʉmʉ́ osiwúó entérít. Wind blows up dust. (Pk). Ɛgɨ́ra ɛntásât ajút ɨnamʉ́ka naáata entérít. The woman is wiping shoes that have dust. (Pk). See: en-kulupúóni ‘Dust’.

ol-térít Usage: rare. Big dust.

L-térítóí [North] [North] Nom sg: L-teritóí. [North] Acc pl: L-teritó. [North] Nom pl: L-téritó. n. Usage: plural. [North] Age-set circumcised in about 1893, according to Spencer (1965).

n-tɛ́rrá [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tɛrrá. n. [North] Song sung by warriors when one of their number breaks off his relationship with his girlfriend when she marries. This is a sort of mild curse on the bridegroom and all who helped arrange the marriage.

tɛsɨrán [Purko]: taserán. [North]: tasěrán. adv. Dawn (lit: in the earliest light of dawn). Taserán taá kímpaŋie inkíshú amʉ̂ kɛlákúá ɛnkɔp Its is at dawn that we are moving the cows; we are going far. (Pk). See: sɨ́ran ‘Earliest light of dawn’; tɛ ‘Oblique preposition’. Etymology: < tɛ + sɨ́ran. See: ɛ-nasiríé ‘Dawn’.

tɛ́tɛ́nɛ́ [North] adv. [North] Right side, right hand. See: tátɛ́nɛ́ ‘Right’.

teyán [North] [North] Nom sg: téyân. n. [North] Firstborn male. The firstborn male is the heir of his father. (The youngest son inherits from his mother.).

ti prep. Variant of oblique preposition tɛ which occurs before certain words beginning with low back vowels a, ɔ, o. ti áúluo Outside. ti átua Inside. ti ɔŋatá in the plain. ti óbō in one. See: tɛ ‘Oblique preposition’.

ti átua Variant: taátūā. prep. 1 • In, inside (a space). Nɨ́mɨ́dʉ́kɛ́nyānyā ti átua ɨltaʉjá linyî. You (pl) do not hesitate in your hearts.

2 • Among (a group). ti átua ɨlMáásâɨ̂ among the Maasai. See: tɛ ‘Oblique preposition’; atûâ ‘(The) inside’.

tiaaka [West]: tiaka. v.pf v.dat. Irregular Perfective for a-jó 'to tell'; 'told'. Nétiaakakɨ́ naá dúóó "Inkíshú íyíéú." He was earlier told that, "It is cows you want.". Áatiaká maitáríá ɛnkanáshɛ áí. He told me to escort my sister. (W). See: a-tiakɨ́ ‘To have told’; a-likí; a-jó ‘To tell’; a-limú ‘To tell of, explain’.

a-tiakɨ́ [North]: a-tiakɨ́ / a-ciakɨ́. v.pf v.dat. Subjunctive or perfective root for the verb 'to say'. Néjí mátiakɨ́. They tried to ask him. Kááyákɨ́ ɛ́nâ dúóó tóki nɨ́kɨ́tɨ́áka. I will bring you the thing you told me (to). (Pk). See: a-jó ‘To say’; a-tiaaká ‘To have told’.

en-tiamási Nom sg: en-tíámasi. Acc pl: in-tiamasiní. Nom pl: in-tíámasiní. n. Beast; legendary animal. See: ɔl-kúkuû; e-ŋûɛ̂s ‘Animal’.

n-tɨbɨ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tɨ́bɨl. n. [North] A blister.

en-tibíli [North] Acc sg: n-tíbílí. n. Sparks from fire. See: ol-tiíli ‘Spark from fire’.

ɛn-tɨ́dɨ́yáí Nom sg: ɛn-tɨdɨyáí. n. Smallpox. Kéudí oshî ɨnkɛ́ra kʉtɨ́tɨ́ ɔsindánó peê mɛ́jɨ́ŋ ɛntɨ́dɨyai. Children are taken to hospital for smallpox vaccine. (lit: Children are injected so smallpox doesn't enter.) (Pk). See: ol-típó ‘Smallpox’.

ɔl-tɨ́dʉ Nom sg: ɔl-tɨ́dʉ̂. Acc pl: il-tídii. Nom pl: il-tídíi. [North] Acc sg: l-tʉ́dʉ. n. 1 • Traditional needle with sharp metal point inserted into a stick; used for sewing calabashes, making holes, etc. Ɛ́gɨ́ra ɔlpáyian aitainyé ɔltɨ́dʉ olkikúêî tɛ nkɛ́jʉ. The man is removing the thorn from his leg using a needle. (Pk).

2 • Awl.

n-tigilôî [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tígilôî. [North] Acc pl: n-tigiló. n. [North] Cleft palate. See: a-gɨ́l ‘To break sth.’.

l-tɨgɔ́m [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tɨ́gɔm. [North] Acc pl: l-tɨgɔmɨ̂n. n. [North] Platform built to support a man standing midway down a deep well.

l-tígomi [North] [North] Acc pl: l-tɨ́gɔm. n. [North] Plant (sp.). Cardiospermum corindum.

a-tií In some suffixed forms: -tiik. v.s. 1 • To be at or in (a place). Etíī ɛnkáyíóní orkɛjʉ́. The boy is at the river. Óu amʉ̂ kátíī atúá ɨ́lɔ̂ sokóni ɨna ɔlɔ́ŋ. [àtúá ɪ̀lɔ̀ sòkóni] Come because I will be at that market that day. (Pk). Etíī oltóo ɛnkárɛ aboré. The barrel is full of water. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí aibukoó ɛnkárɛ́ natíī ɛnkɨkɔ́mpɛ. The child has gone to pour away the water that is in the cup. Lpáēg óotií lbɛ́nɛ́. Maize (pl) is in the bag. (SN). Lbɛ́nɛ́ etíí lpaég. Maize (pl) is in the bag. (SN). Etíī ɛnkɨ́tɛŋ bɔɔ́. The cow is in the pen. metíī It is not there. Metíī inkíshu wúéji. The cows aren't anywhere. (W). Ɨ́dámʉ́ kʉndâ óloŋi kitií Kímpúk? Do you remember recently when we were in Kimpuk? (W). Ɛgɨ́ra kʉ́lɛ áaɨsamisu :náatií olkúkúrí . The milk is going bad that is in the calabash. (Pk). Ɛgɨ́ra ɛndáâ nátií emotí aɨsamisú. The food that is in the cooking pan is getting rotten. (Pk). Etíīkī ají. People [impersonal] are in the house.

2 • To be present.

3 • To exist. Etíī There is... Etíī ɛnkárɛ oltóo. There is water in the barrel. Kétíī ɨlpɛ́pɛdɔ ɛnkáíná ɔ́ lmʉ́rráni. There are scabies on the warrior's arm. Óre apá nétií ɛnkáyíóní. Long ago there was a boy. (Pk).

4 • Standard beginning for a story; there is a story that..., once upon a time... Nétií apá, ɔlmʉrraní óbō Long ago, there was a warrior. Nétií ɨlɔ́ lɔɔ́nkuukuuní. There are those (stories) of people who have to do with wild animals. (W). It is the form nétií that implies one is referring to stories.

5 • [North] To like. See: a-atá ‘To have’.

l-tiídi [North] n. 1 • [North] Obligation, duty, responsibility.

2 • [North] Payment to be made to compensate for a service rendered or payment made previously.

ol-tiíli Nom sg: ol-tíili. Acc pl: ɨl-tɨɨ́l. Nom pl: ɨl-tɨíl. n. 1 • Spark from a fire.

2 • Ray. ɨltɨɨ́l lɛ́ nkɔlɔ́ŋ Rays of the sun. "Táŋorie iyíóók ɨltɨɨ́l ɔɔ́mʉnyak." "Shine on us rays full of fortune.".

3 • Type of plant; made into a tea given to children.

4 • Problematic person; pain in the neck who is restless, violent, not calm. See: en-tibíli ‘Spark from fire’.

a-tɨɨrá v. 1 • To be arrogant; proud; puffed up.

2 • To be blind. See: ɔl-tɨ́ɨ́ráí ‘Blind man’.

ɔl-tɨ́ɨ́ráí n. 1 • Blind person.

2 • Proud person. See: a-tɨɨrá ‘To be arrogant’.

ɛn-tɨ́ɨ̄s Nom sg: ɛn-tɨ́ɨ̂s. Acc pl: in-tiisîn. Nom pl: in-tíisîn. n. Calf muscle; muscle on the back of human being's lower part of the leg behind the shin. See: ɛn-kɛjʉ́ ‘Leg’; l-kúndud lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Calf muscle’; ɔ-sɨ́nɨg ‘Calf muscle’; ol-orôk ‘Shin’.

ól-tíkámbû Nom sg: ól-tíkámbû. Acc pl: il-tikambuní. Nom pl: il-tíkambuní. n. Type of plant used to clean milk-calabashes. This plant imparts the characteristic smoky flavor to fresh milk. See: ol-óíríén ‘Olive tree’.

ɔ́l-tíkámpû Acc pl: il-tikampuní. Nom pl: il-tíkampuní. n. Type of plant.

ol-tikaná Nom sg: ol-tíkaná. [Chamus] Acc sg: tɨkaná. [North] Acc sg: l-tɨkaná. [North] Nom sg: l-tɨ́kaná. n.sg. n.sg. Malaria. Kɛ́yáɨ́ta oltíkaná ɨltʉ́ŋáná olêŋ tɔɔ́ nkuapí ɔ́ɔlɔɔ́rɔ́ɔ́k. Malaria is killing a lot of people in Africa. Ɛ́ɨ́bʉ́ŋá Dóris oltíkaná. Doris was attacked by malaria. (ie. Doris became sick because of malaria).

2 • n.sg. East Coast Fever (of cattle only); disease caused by virus that lives in ticks. Eewá ɔltíkaná inkíshú kúmok ɔɔ́ lMáásâɨ̂. East Coast Fever has killed so many cows of the Maasai.

3 • n.sg. Chronic illness (generic term). Etymology: nagana ? ‘sleeping sickness’. See: ɔl-kɨ́rɔ́bɨ̂ ‘Fever’; ol-cámá [North] ‘Fever’.

en-tíkanî Nom sg: en-tíkanî. Acc pl: in-tíkan. Nom pl: in-tíkân. n. Lymph node. Áayâ intíkân. The lymph nodes pain me. (W). Ɛáta ɛlɛ́ ashé intíkan This calf has swollen lymph nodes.

tikítam n. Twenty. Tɛ nɨ́ɨ́nkɛn ɨlkɨmɔjɨ́k lɔɔ́nkáík ɔ́ lɔɔ́nkɛjɛ́k nɛ́akʉ́ tikítam. If you count your fingers and toes together, they add up to twenty.

tíkítam obô Twenty one.

tíkítam o obô [North] [North] Twenty one.

tíkítam aáre Twenty two.

tíkítam o áre [North] [North] Twenty two.

tíkítam o ókuní [North] [North] Twenty three.

tíkítam óngúán [North] [North] Twenty four.

tíkítam o ímîêt [North] [North] Twenty five.

tíkítam o ílê [North] [North] Twenty six.

tíkítam o sápâ [North] [North] Twenty seven.

tíkítam o ísîêt [North] [North] Twenty eight.

tíkítam o sáâl [North] The Masculine forms are typically used for counting without reference to specific items.[North] Twenty nine.

a-tɨ́l v. 1 • To win admiration of s.o. by doing some particular thing. See: a-kát ‘To flirt; win admiration of’.

2 • To attract because of beauty.

3 • [North] To hit with sth. (stone, spear, club, etc.). Tɨ́tɨla! Hit it!

en-tílo₁ Nom sg: en-tílô. Acc pl: in-tíloi. Nom pl: in-tílói. n. Short y-shaped club with all ends sharply pointed; made from a branch which divides into two smaller branches; thrown to kill animals and birds. See: ɛ́-síárɛ̂ ‘Short club’.

ol-tílo₂ Nom sg: ol-tílô. Acc pl: il-tíloi. Nom pl: il-tílói. [North] Acc pl: l-tíloí. n. 1 • Wood pecker. Míkítósho oltílo. May you be hit by (the pecking of) the woodpecker. (ie. may sth. bad happen to you.) (Pk). The pecking of a woodpecker is believed to be the harbinger, an omen, or announcer, of bad things to come.

2 • Anger. Kɛ́áta oltílo. He is angry. (momentarily).

ol-tíloi Acc pl: il-tílo. n. Woodpecker (general).

a-tɨltɨ́l [North] v. [North] To desire, want to possess sth.

ɔl-tílúd Nom sg: ol-tilúd. n. 1 • Anus. Usage: vulgar.

2 • Bottom portion of sth. (eg. part of cup that is in contact with the table top). See: ɔl-kʉ́rʉm ‘Anus, genitalia’.

ol-tím Nom sg: ol-tîm. Acc pl: il-tímíto. Nom pl: il-timitó. [North] Nom sg: l-tím. [North] Acc pl: l-tímíto. [North] Nom pl: l-timitó. n. 1 • Branches used as village barricade at night.

2 • [North] Main gate of kraal (ɛ-mányátá) through which cattle pass when going in and out to pasture.

3 • Rear group of a raiding or war party. Ɛshɔmɔɨtɔ́ impûôt áaituruk peê ɛsʉjʉ́ oltîm. The forward group of the warriors is leading, followed by the rear-guard. (Pk).

4 • [North] Sub-clan. See: ɔl-máréí ‘Family, phatry’; l-kirâr [North] ‘Gate for people’; en-jóré ‘Raid, war party’.

en-tîm Nom sg: en-tîm. Acc pl: in-tími. Nom pl: in-tímí. [North] Acc sg: n-tɨ̂m. [North] Nom sg: n-tɨ̂m. [North] Acc pl: n-tími. [North] Nom pl: n-tímî. n. Area of trees and shrubs: forest, woods; the bush, wilderness.

Emísímís oshî intímí. The forests are usually dark. (W).

ol-tîm 1 • A big forest.

2 • [North] Gate. See: o-séro ‘Forest’; ɔl-mɛ́tɛ́ráí ‘Bush’.

l-tɨ́nka [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tɨ́nkâ. [North] Acc pl: l-tɨ́nkaí. n. [North] Club with large lugnut from a tractor or lorry as its end weight. See: rúnkú [North] ‘Cub’; l-náat [North] ‘Club’. Etymology: < Swahili tinga.

Tinkáwúá Nom sg: Tinkáwūā. n.prop. Proper name of a Maasai warrior. Kéjokínī ɔlmʉ́rráni ojî Tinkáwúá... A warrior named Tinkawua was told...

tínkí Nom sg: tinkí. Acc pl: tínkîn. adj. Not favourite, disfavored. Enótō ɔláyíóní tinkí ɨmayianát The disfavored boy got blessings. (KS).

ɛn-tínkí Disfavored one. See: kɨrɔtɛ́t ‘Favourable’.

ol-tíntílūā Nom sg: ol-tintílua. n.m.sg. Very hot scorching heat, strictly from the sun.

n-tiŋadú [North] Variant: n-tɨ́ŋadʉ́. Nom sg: n-tíŋadú. n. 1 • [North] Brucellosis, rheumatism.

2 • [North] Inflammation of joints, arthritis. See: n-kirrotét [North] ‘Arthritis’.

en-tiól Nom sg: en-tîôl. Acc pl: in-tíóli. Nom pl: in-tíólî. [North] Acc sg: n-tíól. [North] Nom sg: n-tîôl. [North] Acc pl: n-tíóli. [North] Nom pl: n-tíólî. n. Gun.

ol-tiól Mayíólo ajó káɨ́nyɔ̄ɔ̄ náyawúá ɛnâ síai ɛsɨ́ŋárɛ oltiól. Kájó kʉlɔ́ keék ɔɔ́danyɨta ɨntapʉ́ka. I don't know what brought about this act/business of sneezing. Maybe it is because of these trees that are flowering. (W).

in-tiót [South] n.pl. [South] Blame. ɔltʉŋáni lɛ́ mɛ́áta intiót a person without blame (KS).

en-tíótó Variant: en-tiooto; en-tiyoto. [North] Nom sg: n-tiotó. n. 1 • [North] Blame, fault.

2 • [North] The act of going to a person for testimony about assigning blame in a given matter.

a-típ v. 1 • To make spots. Kétīp ɔsárgɛ ɔlkáráshá. Blood will make spots on a garment.

2 • To make impure. Kétīp ɔltʉŋáni iŋôk ánaa intɔ́rɔk ɛ́nyɛna. A person is made impure by his sins or wrongdoing. (Pk).

3 • To eat slowly.

4 • [North] To split up and eat small portions of food with great conservation. See: a-rásh ‘To make spots on the sides’.

tîp [North] Nom sg: típ. n. [North] Acaricide; cattle dip. Borrowed word: English 'dip'. See: ol-díîp ‘Acaricide’.

tɨ́pat Nom sg: tɨ́pât. n. 1 • Value, worth, usefulness, meaning, meaningfulness, importance, significance. Ɛmbúku naáta tɨ́pat. The book that has value/that is useful. Note: tɨ́pat is not used for price or cost. The preceding example could not mean 'the book that is expensive' Kɛáta rópiyaní tɨ́pat. Money has worth (usefulness, meaning, importance). (SN). Mɛáta aná báɛ́ tɨ́pat. [mɛ̀áta àná bàɛ̀ tɪ́pat] This issue is not important. (SN). Kéíkinyí tɨ́pât náata lárrábal. The value of war is small/War has little value. Nɨ́kɨdɔl áajo oróréí lɛ́ tɨ́pat. We saw that it is an important word (message).

2 • [North] Relationship.

3 • [North] Seniority.

ɛn-tɨ́pat Use, usage, custom.

2 • Kinship, ancestry. See: a-ɨtɨpát ‘To be related with’.

ɛn-tɨ́pat₁ Nom sg: ɛn-tɨ́pât. Acc pl: ɨn-tɨ́patí. [North] Nom pl: n-tɨ́patí. n. 1 • Lineage. Ɔlɛ̂ ntɨ́pat âŋ amʉ̂ óre nkakúyiaâ nkakúyiaâ lɛnyɛ́ nɛ́ŋar kɨ́na nkákuyiaâ nkakúyiaâ laŋ. He is of our lineage because his great great grandfather was a brother to our great great grandfather. This may refer to other people besides just the Maasai, if one's historical background goes to other tribes other than the Maasai.

2 • [North] Clan. See: ol-órere; ol-oshô ‘Tribe’.

tɨ́pát [North] [North] Nom sg: tɨpát. [North] Acc pl: tɨ́patí. [North] Nom pl: tɨpatɨ́. adj. [North] Orange-tinted (of cattle).

n-tɨ́pát [North] n. [North] Fruit-bat. See: ɛ-nagʉr kɛwɔ́n ‘Fruit-bat’; ɛ-sarambálā ‘Fruit-bat’.

n-tɨpɨ́j [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tɨ́pɨj. n. [North] Sunbird sp.

ol-típipíni Nom sg: ol-típipíni. Acc pl: il-típipín. Nom pl: il-típipín. n. Wasp.

a-tipitíp v. To make small spots. Míntóki atipitíp ɨna kɨlâ amʉ̂ áísídáí tɛ nɛ́ɨ́bɔr. Stop making spots on that cloth because it is good when white. (Pk).

ol-típó Nom sg: ol-tipó. [North] Acc sg: l-tipó. [North] Nom sg: l-típo. n. 1 • Smallpox.

2 • Measles, chickenpox. See: ɛn-tɨ́dɨ́yáí ‘Small pox’.

a-tír v. 1 • To develop a feeling of sickness, ache, pain, etc. in some part of the body. Áatotiró ɛnkɔ́shɔ́kɛ. I have a feeling of stomach upset/ache. (lit: The stomach pains me.). Áaitotiro ɛngamatá inkáík. The gripping has made my hands ache. (Pk).

2 • To feel some bodily urge or need (esp. need to go to the toilet, feel hunger). káatotirô.... It made me feel ... [Add word clarifying what is felt, how and where]. Áatotirô injô aásɨshɔ. I fell asleep when I worked (ie. that one time). (lit: Sleep ached me while I worked.) (W). Kétítíró. It became painfully infected. (S).

3 • To have a headache; [North] To have a headache.

4 • To need to urinate; [North] To need to urinate.

5 • To infect. Káatitirô. (i) I have been infected. (ii) I need to urinate. (iii) I have a headache. (S).

a-tír esúmash To feel hungry.

a-tír ɛnkʉ́rɛ To feel thirsty.

a-tirú v.incep. To become painfully infected. Etíru ɛnkɔ́shɔ́kɛ. He/she will get a stomach ache. See: a-yá ‘To ache, feel pain’; a-múéí ‘To be sick’; a-mé ‘To pain’.

én-tíránkô [South] Nom sg: en-tírankô. n. [South] Red ant. Syn: ŋotó kɔshɛ́shɛ ‘Red ant’. See: ɨnk-alaók ‘(Black) ants’; e-muyioô ‘Red ants’.

ol-tírén Nom sg: ol-tirén. Acc pl: il-tírénito. Nom pl: il-tirénito. [North] Acc sg: l-túrén. [North] Acc pl: l-túrénito. n. Floor of the house, especially the area around the fireplace and beds.

n-tirímpo [North] Nom sg: n-tírimpo. Acc pl: n-tirimponí. Nom pl: n-tírimponí. n. [North] Heavy and sharp metal tool for digging holes.

n-tɨ́rkɨ́c [North] [North] Acc pl: n-tirkicí. n. [North] Prostitution.

en-tirmá Nom sg: en-tírma. Acc pl: in-tirmân. Nom pl: in-tírmān. [Purko] Acc sg: in-tírman. [North] Acc sg: n-tirimá. n. Walking stick, typically used by old people to support themselves. Ɛ́ncɔɔ ɛnâ ayíóni náyá ɛnkɛ́jʉ ɛntirmá natirmán. Give this boy with an aching leg a walking stick to support him as he walks. (Pk). Ɛ́ŋʉrakɨ́ ɛnkayíóni tárrʉsh entirmá ɛnyɛ́ peê kipuoópuo. Get the lame boy his walking stick so that we can go slowly together. (Pk). See: ɔl-átart; ɔl-cátʉ́rlá; e-ŋúdi; ɛn-tɨrrɨmá ‘Stick’; o-sebua [South] ‘Stick’.

l-tɨ́rmám [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tɨrmám. [North] Acc pl: l-tirmamîn, l-tɨ́rmámí. [North] Nom pl: l-tírmamín. n. [North] Hole, ditch. See: en-gúmótó ‘Hole’.

n-tírrá [North] n. [North] Song sung by warriors as they smear red ochre on a girl who's getting married in order to ridicule or mock the man who is marrying her. See: l-ódo ‘Song by old men’; l-aparasíyíó [North] ‘Song by women’; n-dikíé ‘Song by boys’; l-ɛbárta ‘Mockery song for almost circumcised boys’; l-kíshúrótó ‘Raiders song of victory’; l-kulonkói ‘Song by night trekkers’; n-kéreyio ‘Song by uncircumcised girls’; wóko ‘Song to narrate ones achievement’.

en-tírrásh [South] Nom sg: en-tirrásh. Acc pl: in-tírráshí. Nom pl: in-tírrashí. n. [South] Jackal. See: em-báríé ‘Jackal’.

l-tɨ́rrɨ́ánkáí [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tɨrrɨankáí. [North] Acc pl: l-tɨrrɨankaní. [North] Nom pl: l-tɨ́rrɨankaní. n. [North] Bead circlet earring worn on the upper helix of the ear by elderly women and men.

ɛn-tɨrrɨmá n. Stick. See: ɛn-tɨrmá ‘Walking stick’; e-ŋúdi ‘Stick’; o-sebua [South] ‘Stick’.

n-tîs [North] n. [North] Blood mixed with milk and then stirred together.

in-tishín n.pl. 1 • Sticks.

2 • Muscles.

3 • Calf muscles.

n-titikolé [North] n. [North] Plant sp.

n-titipayó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-títipayó. [North] Acc pl: n-titipayôn. [North] Nom pl: n-títipayôn. n. [North] Hedgehog. See: en-jólís ‘Hedgehog’; nakonkóyo; n-túuntê [North] ‘Hedgehog’.

titóícō [North] n. [North] Girlhood.

títóísho Girlhood. See: en-títō ‘Girl’.

en-títō Nom sg: en-titó. Acc pl: in-tóyie. Nom pl: in-tóyîê. n. 1 • Unmarried girl. Ɛgɨ́ra náají entitó arɨpakɨ́ ɔrmʉ́rráni ɔrkatáai. The unmarried girl was making a bracelet for a warrior. (Pk). Képúó intóyîê áashɨl ɨlmʉ́rran. Girls are going to appraise warriors.

2 • Daughter. Ɛ́tɛ́rɛ́wá ɔlpáyian entítō ɛnyɛ́ sukúul tɛ nébô ɨlaláshara. The man has sent his daughter to school together with (her) brothers. This term refers to a girl prior to circumcision, but can also be used by her parents or paternal relatives at any stage of her life. A daughter is not traditionally counted as part of the family. A daughter is also traditionally trained to be respectfully distant from her father; she is taught to leave the house when her father comes, and she has no physical contact with him from an early age. Syn: Syn = e-sélénkéí, e-silá ‘Girl’; Ant: ɛnk-ayíóni ‘Young boy’. See: en-kiyíô ‘Little girl’.

ol-títō Usage: Contemptuous, rare. This term is especially used when one wants to discourage certain habits in the girl; or, if the parents are late in making the girl go through some cultural rituals, close people may use the term to remind the parents of the consequences of delaying.A big girl, especially in terms of body size; an overgrown girl. Nótó aké táŋasakɨ́ oltitó ɔ́bancí ɨlpayianí. You overgrown girl must first greet men. (Pk).

n-títō ɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ [North] [North] Pupil of the eye (lit: daughter of the eye).

a-tíú v.s. 1 • To resemble, be alike, be like. Étíú ɛná kɨ́lâ ánaa ɨ́nâ. [étyú] This cloth resembles that one. Etíuu ɛnkáyíóní ánaa mɛ́nyɛ́. [ètíuu] A boy will become like his father. Kóre ɛnkɛ́ráɨ́ nétiu ánaa ɔlkɨtɨ́ tʉŋáni. A child is like a small person. (W). Káji étíú? How is it? What is it like? (W).

2 • To seem, appear to be. See: ɛ́-nátîû ‘The one (fem) that is like’.

ɔl-tɨ́yanî Nom sg: ɔl-tɨ́yanî. Acc pl: ɨl-tɨ́yan. n. Bamboo. Arundinaria alpina.

-to asp. 1 • Perfect(ive) Plural aspect suffix form which occurs after +ATR vowels.

2 • Subjunctive Plural suffix form which occurs after +ATR vowels. See: -ta ‘Perfect(ive) aspect or Subjunctive mood suffix’.

-to [North] voi. [North] Middle Plural suffix. Meisʉpátī kʉlɔ́ ránkīn amʉ̂ kótoíto. These paints are not good because they are dry. (SN). See: -a ‘Middle’.

l-togír [North] Nom sg: l-tógir. n. [North] Slowness, laziness. aatá ltogír to be slow, lazy. See: ɛn-calán ‘Laziness’.

ɔl-tɔgɔ́m Nom sg: ɔl-tɔ́gɔ̄m. Acc pl: ɨl-tógómí. Nom pl: ɨl-togomí. n. 1 • Rampart.

2 • Constructed circumscribed basin on the surface of the earth used for storing a mixture of blood, milk and beer. It can also be used to store water.

3 • Mixture of milk, beer and blood placed on a constructed circumscribed basin on the surface of the earth, used for blessings.

a-toí v. To get dry. Éítoi ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɨlkárash. The sun will dry the large cloths/shukas. (W). See: a-toyú ‘To get dry’.

toí adv. Indeed. Táanyúākɨ̄ toí aké amʉ̂ kálotu. You wait for me for I am indeed going to come. (Pk). Note: km (Pk) states that though familiar, this form is rarely used where he comes from. See: doí ‘Indeed’.

L-toíjo [North] [North] Acc pl: L-tóijo. n. [North] Clan in the LMásʉ́lá phratry.

a-toikí v. To dry on. Áagɨra ɛɨlatá atoikí. The oil/fat is drying on me. (Pk). See: a-toyú ‘To become dry’.

ol-tóíló Nom sg: ol-toiló. Acc pl: il-tóílóíshi. Nom pl: il-toiloishí. [North] Acc pl: l-tóílóci. n. 1 • Voice. Káke ɛɛ́ta ɛná titó oltóíló sídáí tɛ nɛ́rany. This girl has a beautiful voice when she sings. (Pk).

2 • Sound. Kɛ́ɛ́ta ɛná motí oltóíló lɛ́ nkɨŋusiá tɛ níwosh. This pot has an interesting sound when you hit it. (Pk). Átóníŋo oltóíló laíjó ɛsɨ́ŋátá tiaáúluo. I have heard a sound like a sneeze outside. (W).

ol-tóíló odóyio n. Note: This was a nonce creation, developed in the course of writing a literacy booklet.Low tone (lit: sound that drops down).

ol-tóíló óílep n. High tone (lit: sound that rises).

ol-tóíló ɔsʉlári n. Falling tone (lit: sound that falls).

il-tóílóshi óítushulí peê étúmí enkírórótó₁ n.pl. Sounds that are joined together so you get a sentence; alphabet. See: a-ɨrɔ́r ‘To speak, talk’.

il-tóílóshiē ɔɔ́tɔnɨ́ ɔ́ɔpɛ́ny₂ n.pl. Sounds that stay alone; Sounds that can sit on their own; vowels.

e-toíshē [North] Acc sg: e-tiíshe. v.mid.pf. (Third-person) Perfect(ive) middle form of a-ishó; (to) have given birth. Ɛyákakɨ́ ɛntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ naatɔ́ɨ́shɛ́ dɛ́t ɛndáa. A woman who just had a baby had food brought for her. (Pk). Etoíshē ɛnapá tɔmɔnɔnɨ́. That pregnant woman has given birth. Átóíshe káke káyīēū ɛɨ́látá náyīēū inkírí I have given birth, but I need fat and I need meat. (KS). See: a-ishó ‘To give birth’; a-íú ‘To bear offspring’.

áa-toito [North] v.s v.pl. [North] Plural stem corresponding to singular a-toyíó 'to be dry'. See: a-tóí ‘To get dry’.

en-toitói Nom sg: en-tóitói. [North] Acc sg: n-tóitói. n.sg. Heat on the soil on a hot sunny day. The effect of such heat requires one to have shoes to walk. See: a-toyú ‘To wither’.

a-toíwuo In some suffixed forms: toíwūōk. v.pf. To have given birth; perfect(ive) of a-íú. etoíwūōkī when they have given birth. See: in-tóiwúó ‘Parents’; a-íú(n); a-ishó ‘To give birth, bear (offspring)’; in-tóyie ‘Girls’.

in-tóiwúó Nom pl: in-tóiwúó. [North] Acc sg: n-tóiwûô. n.pl. Parents. Bási nɛ́manyɨshɔ́ nɛ́ákʉ̄ intóiwúó. Then they will live together and become parents. (W). Eéwuo oltúlet tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ́p lɛ́mɛ́yányit ɨnkɛ́râ intóiwúó. A bad generation has come to the world where children do not respect parents. (Pk). Kéíshíákínō nɛ́ya intóiwúó naata ɛnkɨ́dɨ́mátá ɨnkɛ́ra sukúul. Parents who have the ability should take their children to school. (Pk). See: a-íú ‘To give birth to’.

(en-)tóki Nom sg: en-tókî. Variant: en-tokí. Acc pl: in-tokitín. Variant: in-tokitîn. Nom pl: in-tókitin. [North] Acc sg: n-tókī. [North] Nom pl: n-tókitín. n. Thing; sth. Míntóki ayietú amʉ̂ mmɛɛ́ta entokí nɨ́kɨ́nyá. Stop screaming because nothing is going to attack you. (Pk). Ekébikóo intókitin pɔ́ɔkɨ náaramát ɨlɔ́ɔpɛ̂ny. All things that their owners care for last long. (Pk). Ɛyáwuakɨ́ dúóó intokitín pɔɔkɨ́ ene. All the things were brought here. (Pk). Sidaín táá dúóó táatá imbaâ amʉ̂ ínótó pɔɔkɨ́ tóki níyíéú. Things are good today because you have gotten all things that you wanted. (W).

ol-tóki LING: The masculine form apparently only occurs in the singular form.Big thing.

n-tókólê [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tokolê. [North] Acc pl: n-tokolení. n. [North] Goatskin handbag.

a-tól v. To predict failure or misfortune, which is a bad omen because it is believed the very prediction will bring misfortune; to say sth. bad resulting in misfortune.

n-Tolíó [North] n. [North] Name of the most "senior" Samburu section, to which all blacksmiths belong. Blacksmiths are looked down on because they do not own livestock; yet nearly all activities in some way depend on their skill.

en-tólīt Nom sg: en-tolít. Acc pl: ɨn-tólo. Nom pl: intólô. [South] Acc sg: en-tólit. n. 1 • Marrow (of bone). Óyie ɛ́ntɨgɨl ɛlɛ̂ óito peê ɨdɔlɨdɔ́lɔ entólīt natíī. Boys, break this bone so that you can see the marrow in it. (Pk).

2 • Core.

a-toló v.mid. 1 • To be wild in manner; have a bad temper, be short-tempered, harsh, cruel. A-toló does not refer to "wild (non-domestic) animals". Kɛ́áār ɔltʉ́ŋání ótōlō ɛnkáŋ ɛnyɛ́. A wild person disperses the people at his home. olórere otólo a wild crowd (of people). This charcteristic in a person could be the result of him or her having been cursed. See: en-tolôî ‘Anger, bad temper’; a-goró ‘To be angry’; a-munó ‘To be unpredictable’.

2 • To be spoiled, hedonistic, wild, selfish, careless. Usage: Older people referring to the younger generation. Kéjó oshî ɨltásatí, "Kétólo kʉná kɛ́râ ɛ́kʉ́ná ɔlɔŋɨ." Old men always say, "Children of these days are wild.". Usage: a-toló is more extreme than a-munó..

3 • [North] To have a blemish or defect, either missing an eye, horn, etc., or (for males) to have a coloring prohibited in the tribe and thus be unfit for sacrifice or slaughter (of domestic animals). Tribe-specific prohibitions are regulated by the old men; some younger people do not know what the allowed colorations are in their area. Ant: a-munyák ‘without.blemish’.

4 • [North] To be unpropitious.

n-toló [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tólo. n. 1 • [North] Suni (antelope). Neotragus moschatus.

2 • [North] Dik-dik sp. Madoqua. See: m-párnas [North] ‘Dik-dik (sp.)’.

en-tolôî Nom sg: en-tóloi. n.sg. Anger, wildness, resentfulness, indifference. Tápala entolôî amʉ̂ óre oshî entóki nɛ́mɛ́ɨ́dɨ́māyū, nɛ́mɛ́ɨ́dɨ́māyū naá. Stop being wild because some things are impossible, impossible. (Pk). Tápala entolôî amʉ̂ ɛkɨpɨ́k entábóí. Stop anger because it is going to put you in trouble. (Pk). Etíákakɨ́ ɨlmóruak oógogoŋ mɛtápala entolôî amʉ̂ kéímamálīn ɨnkɛ́râ ɛ́ pɔɔkɨ́ ŋáɨ́. [pɔ̀ɔ̀kɪ́ ŋày] Beligerent men have been told to stop being hot-tempered [towards the mischievious children] because everyone's children are negligent. (Pk). See: a-toló ‘To be wild’.

en-tóloitá Nom sg: en-tóloitá. Acc pl: in-tóloitán. Nom pl: in-tóloitán. n. Big post that is used to support the roof in a house with a steeped roof and rafters. Etúúrúnye entóloitá. The house-post fell over. (W). Eitáshīēyīē entóloitá ɛnkají. The house-post supports the house. (W). See: o-lóómí ‘Rafter, post’.

n-tolólo [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tólolo. n. [North] Water soiled with cow dung. This breaks down the skin of the foot.

en-tólú Nom sg: en-tolú. Acc pl: in-tolúó. Nom pl: in-tóluo. [Chamus] Acc sg: tolú. [North] Acc pl: n-tolíó. [North] Nom pl: n-tólio. n. 1 • Axe. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ entólú matudúŋie ɛlɛ̂ shaní. Give me (your) axe so I can use it to cut this tree. (Pk). See: úro ‘Axe’; n-kʉ́jʉ̂k [North] ‘Axe head’.

2 • [North] Marrow. Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-tolu (Vossen 1989:194), from Proto-Eastern Nilotic *-tolu- 'axe' (Vossen 1982:328). Borrowed from Central Sudanic *-tolu 'axe', East Central Sudanic *lɔ 'ax' + Central Sudanic tV- Nominative Prefix, with later shift to +ATR vowel in Eastern Nilotic (C. Ehret 2003:149, "Language Contacts in Nilo-Saharan Prehistory." Language Contacts in Prehistory, Studies in Stratigraphy, ed. by Henning Andersen, 135-157. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.).

en-tolût Nom sg: tólut. Acc pl: tolúti. Nom pl: tólutí. adj. Usage: sympathetic. Miserable. Tolût ɔltʉ́ŋání lɛ́mɛ́áta ɛnkɨ́tɛ́ŋ. A person who owns no cows is miserable.

n. 1 • Disadvantaged one, as in a deceased childless person who died in socially-miserable conditions with no family or friends; poor one.

2 • Miserable man who characteristically has problems (not deceased, but, eg. his car died, his wife ran away, his children are miscreants, his cows are not allowed to drink water because he hasn't paid for his share of water). Usage: derog.

ɔl-tɔ́mɛ́ Nom sg: ɔl-tɔmɛ́. Acc pl: ɨl-tɔmíá. Variant: il-tomíá. Nom pl: ɨl-tɔ́mia. [North] Acc pl: l-tomíá. n. Elephant. Átɔ́dúaa apá ɔltɔ́mɛ́ tɔlalɛ́ lɔ́ɔ ŋúési. I saw an elephant in the game park (reserve). Áɨ́shɔ́ɔ náají ɔlashʉmpáí ɛntarubíni ɛnyɛ̂ maɨŋórie ɨltɔmíá oókito ɛnkárɛ́. The European gave me his binoculars to observe elephants drinking water. See: ɔ-lɛ́nkāɨ̄nā; ol-káncáóí ‘Elephant’; l-osúbo; sánkáláí; tápán [North] ‘Elephant’; ɔl-cáŋītō sápʉk ‘Wild animal, elephant’.

lɛ-tɔmɨ́a n. Wild mellon tree, so named because elephants eat the fruit. citribus colocynthine.

tɔ́mɔ̂n Nom sg: tɔ́mɔ́n. Acc pl: ín-tómónî. Nom pl: in-tómóní. [North] Acc sg: tômôn. num. Ten. Ádɔ́l tɔ́mɔ̂n táatá. [ádɔ́l tɔ̀mɔ̀n táàtá] I see ten today. Képuonú tɔ́mɔ̂n. [képùònú tɔ̀mɔ̀n] They will add up to ten. Tɛ nɨ́nkɛn ilkimojík lɔɔ́ nkáɨ́k pokíra nɛ́ra tɔ́mɔ̂n nɛ́gɨra. [tɔ̀mɔ̀n] If you count the fingers of both hands, they are just ten. Képuonú tɔ́mɔ́n. [képùònú tɔ̄mɔ̄n] Ten (people, animals, etc.) will come. Etymology: Proto-Kalenjin *têmên 'ten' (speculative, from Heine, Rottland & Vossen 1979:79).

tɔ́mɔ̂n ó obô [tɔ̀mɔ̀n òòbô] Nom sg: tɔ́mɔ́n o obô. [North] Acc sg: tômôn o obô. Eleven.

tômôn o obô [North] [North] Eleven.

tômôn o áré [North] [North] Twelve.

tômôn o uní [North] [North] Thirteen.

tômôn o óngúán [North] [North] Fourteen.

tômôn o ímîêt [North] [North] Fifteen.

tômôn o ílê [North] [North] Sixteen.

tômôn o sápâ [North] [North] Seventeen.

tômôn o ísîêt [North] [North] Eighteen.

tômôn o sáâl [North] [North] Nineteen.

tomoni uní Nom sg: tómoni uní. [West] Acc sg: tɔ́mɔ̂n uní. num. Thirty. See: ɔ́sɔ̂m ‘Thirty’.

en-tómónisho n.f. The stage of a woman just after she has given birth; post-partum woman. Ɛ́tɔ́n doí mɛ́ɨ́shɔ́ ɛncalán é tómónisho ɨnâ kitók epukú tiáji. The weakness of the postpartum stage does not allow that woman to come out of the house. (Pk). See: óíjie ‘The stage of a female animal or woman after giving birth’.

ɛn-tɔ́mɔ́nɔ́ n. Condition or status of having a lot of children. Ɛntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́ doí námitikí kʉlɨ́káɨ́ máréíta ɛpal inkíshú mɛ́mɨ́ra. It is because of the many children that some families cannot avoid selling cows. (lit: It is having many children that prevents other families from stopping to sell cows.) (Pk).

ɛn-tɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ Nom sg: ɛn-tɔmɔnɔnɨ́. Acc pl: ɨn-tɔ́mɔ́nɔ́k. Nom pl: ɨn-tɔmɔnɔ́k. [North] Acc sg: n-tómónóni. [North] Nom sg: n-tomononí. [North] Acc pl: n-tómónók. [North] Nom pl: n-tomononók. n. 1 • Woman who has just delivered a baby; postpartum woman. Ɛyákakɨ́ ɛntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ naatɔ́ɨ́shɛ́ dɛ́t ɛndáa. A woman who just had a baby had food brought for her. (Pk). Etoíshē ɛnapá tɔmɔnɔnɨ́. That previously-mentioned woman has given birth. See: a-omón ‘To request, pray’; en-kitók ‘Woman’.

2 • Woman who has had children.

ɛn-tɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ
Eikilikúánúá náají ɔlpáyian lɛ́ ɛndâ ají ɛntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ ɛ́ ínâ ají. The man of that house has asked for the woman of that house. [lɛ́ ɛ́nda] [éína].

3 • [North] Married woman. Usage: Respectful (S). This normally implies that the woman has children. See: ɛnk-áɨ́bártani ‘Female initiate’.

en-tómónónīshō 1 • The stage of a woman just after she has given birth; post-partum woman.

2 • Person (man or woman) who has a lot of children.

tɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ Acc pl: ná-tɔmɔnɔ́k. [North] Acc sg: ná-tomononí. voc. Term of address used for an adult woman. Tɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ, ôû. Woman, come! (Pk). Nátɔmɔnɔ́k, ɛ́ntakúɛ́nya. Women, hello! (Pk). See: m-parratût [North] ‘Woman, wife’.

l-tómpôî [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tómpoi. [North] Acc pl: l-tɔmpɔ́n. n. [North] Loner or hermit known to steal, murder; outlaw, wild man.

a-tɔ́n v.prog. 1 • To sit, sit down. Átɔ́nɨ́ta. I am sitting. (W). Ɨ́tɔ́nɨ́ta. You are sitting. (W). Ɛtɔ́nɨ́ta. He is sitting. (W). Kɨ́tɔnɨ́. We are sitting. (W). Ɨ́tɔ́nɨ́nɨ. Y'all are sitting. (W). Ɛtɔ́nɨ̄. They are sitting. (W). Tɔ́tɔnaǃ Sit downǃ (W). Ímpírríó tɔ́tɔnaǃ Run and sit! (W). Ɛtɔ́nɨ̄ ɨlpáyɨaní. The men will sit. Ɛtɔ́nɨ̄ ɨnkɛ́râ pɔɔkɨ́ ti áúluo. All the children are sitting outside the homestead. (Pk). Ɛtɔ́nɨ̄ ɨlŋátunyo tɔɔ́ nkʉjɨ́t. Lions are sitting down on the grass. (W). Imetumóki ɛná áyíóní atɔtɔ́na aɨtɔbɨ́rākɨ̄ amʉ̂ ɛ́tɨ́jɨ́ŋá ɔldʉ́tʉtái oltúli. This boy cannot sit well because he has a boil on his buttock. (Pk). Óre ɛndámā ɔ́ ɛnkɛwaríé pɔɔkɨ́ kɛ́tɔ̄nɨ̄ta aké. Day and night he has just been sitting. (Pk). Átɔ́nɨ́ta tɔ lóríkā. I am sitting on a chair. (W). Syn: a-wúɛ́n ‘To sit’.

2 • To stay in a place, wait. Ɛ́tɔ́tɔ́ná. He stayed / sat down. Ɛtɔ́tɔ́ná. He stayed / sat down. (W). Ɛ́tɔ́n nɨ́nyɛ ɛnâ kíne ti âŋ. This goat will stay at home. (Pk). Óre aké peê ɨ́ndɨp ɨ́nâ, nílō atɔ́n. Néjî, etoîshe ɛnapâ tɔmɔnɔnɨ́... When you finish that, you go and wait. And (when) it is reported that the woman has given birth...

3 • To remain in a condition; continue, keep on, remain. Ɛ́tɔ́n doí aké eshal ɨnkɨ́lání amʉ̂ ɛnaisujíéki. The clothes are still wet because they were washed recently. (Pk). Ɛ́tɔ́n áâ entítō ɛnâ kɛráí. That child is still a girl. Ɛ́tɔ́n doí mɛ́ɨ́shɔ́ ɛncalán é tómónisho ɨnâ kitók epukú tiáji. The weakness of the postpartum stage does not allow that woman to come out of the house. (Pk). Ɛtɔ́tɔ́ná dúóó ɛngárɨ́ auló ɔmɛtʉ́pʉkʉ́ tɛ nkoitóí. The vehicle kept swerving until it was out of the road. (Pk). Nɛ́tɔn ɛnapá kɛráí abʉlʉ́. The child will continue to grow [while waiting to be married]. Míntóki atɔ́n ayiaŋiyíáŋ tólimú dúóó ɛnɨ́áta. Stop continuing to rave and say exactly what you have to say. (Pk). Míkíntókī aipukíé amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́n aáta esíáai. Stop hurrying because I still have work to do. (Pk). See: ɛ́tɔ̂n ‘Still, (not) yet’; a-lɛkʉ́ ‘To remain’; a-w(ú)ón ‘To remain’.

4 • To delay.

a-toníé v.inst. 1 • To sit on.

2 • To impregnate (of a male animal).

a-tɔnɨkɨ́ In some suffixed forms: a-tɔnɨkɨ́n. v.dat. To impregnate (of a male animal). Kɛtɔtɔnɨ́kɨ́á olóíŋóní enkítéŋ? Has the bull impregnated the cow?

ɛ-tɔn ɛɨtʉ v.aux. Compound auxiliary indicating 'not yet' or 'before'. See: ɛ́tɔ́n ɛ́ɨ́tʉ̂ ‘Before, not yet’; a-tɔ́n ‘To sit, still’; ɛɨtʉ́ ‘Negative perfect(ive) auxiliary’.

ɛn-tɔnâî Nom sg: ɛn-tɔ́nai. Variant: ɛntánai. Acc pl: ɨn-tɔná. Variant: in-taná. Nom pl: ɨn-tɔ́na. Variant: in-tána. n. 1 • Root of a plant.

Óre oshî ɨntɔná ɔɔ́ lkeék némélio amʉ̂ abórī ɛnkɔ̂p etíī. The roots of trees are not seen because they are underground. (Pk).

2 • Sth. important that one needs to do; one's "business". Émíntóki doí áatɔnɨ áaitumutiki ɨltʉ́ŋáná amʉ̂ kɛ́átáí doí ɨntɔná. Stop delaying people because they have business. (Pk).

ɛn-tɔ́nátá Nom sg: ɛn-tɔnatá. Acc pl: ɨn-tɔnát. Nom pl: ɨn-tɔ́nat. n. 1 • Sitting place. Óu amʉ̂ enê ɛntɔnatá. Come because this is the sitting place. (Pk).

2 • Sitting.

3 • End, conclusion. Ɛnâ taá ɛntɔnatá ɔ́ɔ̄ lɔmɔ́n ncɛ́rɛ mátayookinotó tenê. This is the conclusion of the conversation, that we meet in the morning right here. (Pk).

4 • Foot, base, bottom of sth.; where it meets a level place.

ɛn-tɔ́nátá
Mmɛ̂ gɨ́ra doí intáre áataana ɛ́mɨdɔ́l ajó ɛntɔ́nátá ó ldóínyó iyíóók kítíí nétíí nɨ́nchɛ ɛncʉ́mátá. The goats and sheep are not near; we are at the foot of the hill and they are at the top. (Pk). Ɛ́ncɔm ɛntɔ́nátá ó ldóínyíó ɛ́yaʉ́ ɨlkeék. Go to the foot of the hill and bring firewood. (Pk).

5 • Way of life. Ɛɨŋásíéyíé ɨltʉ́ŋánák ɛntɔnatá ɔ́ɔ lMáásâɨ̂. The Maasai way of life surprises people. (W). See: a-tɔ́n ‘To sit’.

́-tóŋúá Note: This looks like the perfective form of a-ŋú 'to stink'; even if it no longer has specifically Perfect(ive) semantics.v. 1 • (To) be rotten. See: a-isamisú; a-ŋuoyú ‘To be rotten’; a-ŋú ‘To stink’.

2 • To be despised, hated. Pɛ́nyɔ doí nɛ́tɔn ɛɛtáɨ̄ ɔltʉŋáni láayíéū náaboitarê amʉ̂ atɔ́ŋúáa apá nanʉ́. It is unlikely there will be a person who wants to stay with me because I am rotten. (Pk).

ol-tóo Nom sg: ol-tóô. Acc pl: ɨl-tóoí. Nom pl: ɨl-tóoí. n. Container for storing liquid such as water, oil, fat; barrel, pail, jerrycan, bucket. Ebukú enkítok ɛnkárɛ́ apɨ́k oltóo. The woman will pour the water to the water-container. Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok aokunyíé oltóo ɛnkárɛ́ tɔɔrkɛ́jʉ. The woman went to fetch water with a barrel at the river. (Pk). Etymology: Swahili ndoo.

en-tóo Bucket.

tɔɔ́ Variant: toó. prep. Oblique preposition used before plural nouns. Ékíiyíéú ɨnkɨtanyaanyukót tɔɔ́ ltʉŋaná kumók. We need examples from many people. Népōnū ɨlmʉ́rrân enetíī toó ltualán. The warriors come to where he is with bells. See: tɛ ‘Oblique’.

l-tóo lɛ́ naiurrúūr [North] Nom sg: l-tóô lɛ́ naiurrúūr. Acc pl: l-tóoí lɛ́ naiurrúūr. Nom pl: l-tóoí lɛ́ naiurrúūr. n. [North] Cylindrical container for making soup. See: ol-marikíti ‘Paint can’.

ɛn-tɔɔ́lɛ [South] n. [South] Flat wood base in which fire stick is turned. See: ol-pírón ‘Fire stick’.

tɔɔ́m [North] Variant: tɔɔ́mɛ. [North] Nom sg: tɔ́ɔ̄mɛ. n. [North] Fat found in camel's hump.

ɛn-tɔɔ́mɛ n. 1 • Tree sp.

2 • [North] The bottom stick of a fire-making kit.

n-tɔ́ɔ́p [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tɔɔ́p. [North] Acc pl: n-tóópí. [North] Nom pl: n-toopí. n. 1 • [North] Rib. See: ɔl-arási ‘Rib’; l-babák; l-márai [North] ‘Rib’.

2 • [North] One lateral half of the rib cage and its internal organs (human or animal).

en-toré Nom sg: en-tóre. Acc pl: in-torên. Nom pl: in-tóren. n. 1 • Belt made of beads worn by warriors.

2 • [North] Belt made of beads worn by girls and women; waist beads.

3 • Belt of beads worn by young children. See: en-kíméítá ‘Belt made of beads’.

ol-tórónkéí Nom sg: ol-toronkéí. Acc pl: il-toronkên. Nom pl: il-tóronkên. n. Type of ornament for the wrist.

en-tórós Nom sg: en-torós. Acc pl: in-torosí. Nom pl: in-tórosí. n. 1 • Garment of favour worn by warriors after vowing to win or die.

2 • Without fear.

3 • [North] Person who walks alone, not accompanied by anyone.

in-torosí Nom pl: in-tórosí. [North] Acc pl: n-torós. n.pl. 1 • Group of women who gather and move from place to place performing ceremonial duties; in S they may visit homesteads together looking for gifts (esp. of goats or money), as well as sleeping with warriors.

2 • [North] Singing competition between women from different clans.

3 • Singing and praying to God by women. See: n-kɨ́járɛ́ [North] ‘Singing competition by warriors’.

en-tórrobo Nom sg: en-tórróbō. Acc pl: in-tórrobo. Nom pl: in-tórróbo. n. 1 • Sleeping sickness in human beings, caused by tsetse fly.

2 • Trypanosomiasis: a disease in cattle caused by tsetse fly. See: ɛnk-ásíléí ‘Tsetse fly’.

ol-tórróboní Nom sg: ol-torróboni. Acc pl: ɨl-Tórrobo. Nom pl: ɨl-Tórróbo. [North] Acc sg: L-torroboní. [North] Acc pl: L-tórrobo. [North] Nom pl: L-tórróbo. n. 1 • One who gets his livelihood from hunting wild animals; hunter. Ɛ́táŋóró oltorróboní ɔɨnkát tɛndá tîm. The hunter has killed a wildebeest in that bush. (Pk). Átɔ́duaa oltórróboní ɛnapɨta ɔɨnkát ɔtará. I saw hunter carrying meat of a wildebeast he killed. (Pk).

2 • Dorobo person or people; often used to refer to hunter-gathering group(s) that speak the Maa language. Ɨmɛɛ́ta apá iltórróboní inkíshú; ɨlŋanayíó ɔ ɨnáíshí ólotórok ó ŋúési entîm ɛ́nyá. Before then the Dorobo never had cattle; he used to eat fruits, bee honey, and wild animals. This term often has derogatory connotations; because the people have no cattle, they are necessarily considered poor. These are 'bee hunters'.

3 • One who owns no cattle.

4 • [North] Samburu homesteads having Ndorobo ancestry.

5 • An expert in circumcision. Etoríkuokí dúóó oltórróboní olotú amʉrát ɨlayîôk. An expert in circumcision who will come to circumcise boys has been brought. (Pk). See: ɔl-aŋóroni ‘Hunter’; ol-akítoni; ɔl-ámʉ́rátani ‘Circumciser’.

tɔrrɔ̂k adj.pl. Bad (pl referent). See: tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ‘Bad’.

en-torrónī Nom sg: en-tórroní. Acc pl: ɨn-tɔrrɔ̂k. Nom pl: ɨn-tɔ́rrɔk. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨn-tɔ́rɔk. n. Evil, bad feeling, trouble. Kétīp ɔltʉŋáni iŋôk ánaa ɨntɔ́rɔk ɛ́nyɛna. A person is made impure by his sins or wrongdoing. (Pk). Tápala entorrónī amʉ̂ ɛ́kɨ́yákɨ́ kɛɛ́ya. Stop evil because it will bring you death. (Pk). Ɛtanáreyia nɛ́ɨ́ŋɔ́r ɨltʉŋaná átɛ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́ɨ́pʉ́tá entórroní ó mpukunót pɔɔkɨ́ ɛnkɔ́p. People should take care of themselves because the world is full of all kind of evil/bad feeling/trouble. (Pk).

tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ Nom sg: tɔ́rrɔnô. Acc pl: tɔrrɔ̂k. Nom pl: tɔ́rrɔk. [North] Acc sg: tɔ́rrʉnɔ̂, tɔ̌rrnɔ. [Second North variant: [tɔ̌rnɔ̀]] adj. bad.

1 • Bad, not good; unpleasant; unacceptable. Eyéwuo oltúlet tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ́p lɛ́mɛ́yányɨt ɨnkɛ́râ intóiwúó. A bad generation has come to the world where children do not respect parents. (Pk). ɛrányárɛ́ tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ bad singing. Tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ taá ɔlkúaak ópurrishó ɨnkɛ́râ. The habit of children stealing is bad. (Pk).

2 • Dishonourable character, bad-hearted. Ɛ́ɨ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání amʉ̂ kɛ́lɛ́jɨ̄shɔ̄ This man is bad because he is a liar.

3 • Unclean; untidy; dirty. Meishópōyū ɛná kɨ́lâ amʉ̂ ɛ́ɨ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂. This cloth is not wearable because it is dirty. (Pk).

4 • Ugly, not beautiful, not handsome. Ɛ́ɨ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ enkómom ɛ́lɛ tʉŋáni The face of this man is ugly.

5 • In bad condition; not functioning. Kɛ́ɨ́tɔrɔ̂k iŋónyo ɛ́nyɛnák. His blood vessels are in bad condition. Ɛ́ɨ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɛngárrî. The car is bad (not mechanically functioning well). Áló sukúul tááisére tɔɔ́ ɨnkɛjɛ́k amʉ̂ tɔrɔ́nɔ̂ ɛngárrî áî. I will go to school tomorrow walking because my car is bad (ie. not mechanically functioning well). (W).

6 • Severe or serious, with harmful effect. Ɛ́tɨ́jɨ́ŋá emueyíán tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ nɛ́mɛ́ɛ́ta ɔlcaní. He/she has been affected by a bad disease that has no cure.

n-tɔrrɔ́nɔ [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tɔrrnɔ́. [North] Evil, badness.

en-torrónī n. Syn: súújí ‘Bad’; Ant: sídáí ‘Good’. Ill, trouble, bad feeling. See: a-torronú ‘To become bad, become spoiled’.

a-torronú v. To get or become bad. Náa kɛ́gɨ́ra taá doí intókitin átorronu. Things are becoming bad. (Pk).

tɔrrʉ́nɔ [North] [North] Nom sg: tɔ́rrʉnɔ̂. [North] Acc pl: tɔrrɔ̂k. [North] Nom pl: tɔ́rrɔk. adj. 1 • [North] Bad, evil.

2 • [North] Ugly. See: tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ‘Bad’.

a-torrunú [North] v.incep. [North] To become bad. See: tɔrrʉ́nɔ [North] ‘Bad’.

en-tótoi Nom sg: en-totóí. Acc pl: in-tóto. Variant: n-tótoí ?? (S). Nom pl: n-tótô, n-tóto. Variant: n-tótoí (S). n. 1 • Pebble. Ɛgɨ́ra náají inkáyiok ósotu intóto naíguránie. The boys are collecting pebbles for playing with. (Pk). See: o-sóít ‘Stone’; ɔl-ŋɨ́nāī ‘Obsidian stone’.

2 • [North] Game with wood and stones; bao game. See: en-késhúí ‘Wood and stones game’.

3 • [North] The board of the bao game.

ol-tótoi 1 • Large pebble.

2 • [North] Large stone used for grinding tobacco.

en-tótóí ɛ káí Beautiful smooth little stones (lit: the stone of God).

totût adj. Disadvantaged, poor, lacking in sth., unfortunate. Ɛná totût ɛ́na puus. That is a disadvantaged cat (eg. when rebuffed by humans and yowling for companionship). (Pk). See: ɛ-naɨbɛ̂ ‘Disadvantaged one’.

n-towúó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tówuo. [North] Acc pl: n-towuotín, n-towûôn. [North] Nom pl: n-tówuon. n. [North] Complete age set comprising of men from all clans; generation. See: ol-pórrôr ‘Age set’.

a-toyó v.mid. To be dry. Meisʉ́pat alɛ́ ránkîn amʉ̂ kótoyó. This paint is not good because it is dry. (SN). Meisʉpátī kʉlɔ́ ránkīn amʉ̂ kótoíto. These paints are not good because they are dry. (SN). Kótói. It will become dry. (SN). Kótoyó alɛ́ ránkī lapatín aré oóɨshâ. This paint dried two months ago. (SN). Etoyíó It has dried. Etoyíó ɔlkarashá ŋolé. The large cloth dried yesterday. (W). Etoíto ɨlkárâsh. The clothes dried. (completed) (W).

a-toyú [North]: a-toí. v. 1 • To become, get dry. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkɨ́lâ áí atoyú. [ɛ̀ŋkɪ́láí] My cloth is getting dry. (Pk). Etóyu ɔlkarashá. The large cloth will dry. (W). Kéírébuk inkílaní amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́n ɛ́ɨ́tʉ̂ etoyú olêŋ. The cloths are damp because they are not yet completely dry. (Pk). Etoyíó. It is (already) dry. (Pk). Etoyíó ɔlkarashá ŋolé. The large cloth dried yesterday. (W). Áítúŋúāā ɛnɛshál arík énétóyíó. I will make him/her leave (the place) that is wet and go to that which is dry. (Pk). Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlkarashá atoyú. The large cloth is drying (right now). (W). Etóyu ɔlkarashá tááisére. The large cloth will dry tomorrow. (W). Etoyíó ɔlkarashá. The cloth is dry. (W).

2 • To get hard, dry up. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛsárŋáb atoyú. The mud is getting hard. (K)etóyu ɛmʉ́katɛ te níŋúāā tɛ bɔ́ɔ. (A slice of) bread will get dry if you leave it outside. (Pk).

3 • To wither.

a-toyú
Ɛ́gɨ́ra ɛndâ shaní atoyú. That shrub is withering. (Pk).

4 • [North] To be dry. Kátóyu. I'm dry. (S). See: a-itoí ‘To make dry’.

a-toikí To dry on.

a-toyú v. To be dry. Kátóyu. I'm dry. (S). Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlkarashá atoyú. The large cloth is drying (right now). (W). Etoyíó It has dried. Etóyu ɔlkarashá tááisére. The large cloth will dry tomorrow. (W). Etoyíó ɔlkarashá. The cloth is dry. (W). Etoyíó ɔlkarashá ŋolé. The large cloth dried yesterday. (W). Etoíto ɨlkárâsh. The clothes dried. (completed) (W). See: a-itoí ‘To make dry’.

in-tóyie Nom pl: in-tóyîê. n.pl. Girls. Ɛáta kʉná tóyîê ɛnyamálī. These girls are sad. (W). See: en-títō ‘Girl’; in-tóiwúó ‘Parents’.

a-toyíó [North] v.mid. 1 • [North] To be dry.

2 • To be out, be away (esp. of domestic animals); be absent. See: a-toyó ‘To be dry’.

túá v.pf. 1 • Suppletive Perfect(ive)/Subjunctive form of yɛ 'to die'; be dead (of animates). Usage: not euphemistic. In most cases, etúá is not used when s.o. has died; rather, a polite euphemistic word like ɛshɔmɔ́ (he/she has gone) is used instead. People don't want to imagine this for themselves or anyone they love; so they will do anything possible to hasten doing everything necessary when s.o. dies. Káke óre ɨlɔɔ́tɨjɨŋá pɔɔkɨ́, mɛ́ŋámákínō, nétuatâ ilkumók. But those who caught the disease when they were not innoculated, many of them died. Ɛtúá ŋolé ɛnkɨ́tɛŋ nátijiŋá oltíkaná. A cow which had East Coast Fever died yesterday. Íló itúá. You are going when you are (already) dead. (Not: *You are going to be dead.). Túá! Die! Drop dead! In most cases, etúá is not mentioned when s.o. has died; rather, a polite word like ɛshɔmɔ́ (he/she has gone) is used instead.

2 • Cease functioning; (to) be as if "dead" (for inanimates); broken, non-functional. Etúá apá ɛngárɨ ɛ́nyɛ. His/her car is dead (eg. it had engine or some other mechanical failure). (Pk).

3 • To be overrun by. See: a-yɛ́ ‘To die’.

-tûâ asp. Plural perfect(ive) suffix indicating that the action is done with direction towards the point of reference; Ventive. Ɛyáutûâ inkítuaak ɛnkárɛ́ áŋ. Women have carried water home. ɨnadúóó kíshú nikítereutûâ those cows that we brought. See: -ta ‘Plural Perfect(ive) aspect or Subjunctive mood suffix’; -ʉ ‘Ventive’.

en-tuaâ Nom sg: en-túaâ. Variant: en-túáâ. Acc pl: in-tuaân. Nom pl: in-túáan. [North] Acc sg: n-tuáa. [North] Nom sg: n-túaa. [North] Acc pl: n-túáân. n. 1 • Pregnant, expectant woman. Eitóíshé entúaâ apá ayɛlɔŋ. The pregnant woman has given birth. (Pk).

2 • [South] Frog; [North] Frog. See: n-kɔɔ́k ‘Frog’. Tuaâ refers to a "puffed-up" physical property.

ol-tuaâ Frog.

ɛn-tuaâ ɛ́ nkárɛ́ [ɛ̀ntùáá ɛ́ŋkaɾɛ] Nom sg: ɛn-túáá ɛ́nkárɛ́. Acc pl: in-tuaân ɔɔ́ nkáríák. [ɔ̀ɔ́ŋkaɾiak] Nom pl: intúaan ɔ́ɔ̄ nkáríák. n. Frog, toad (lit: puffed-up of the water). Átɔ́dúáa dúóó ɛntuaá ɛ́ nkárɛ́ tɛ nkaló ɛ́ nkarɛ. I saw a frog (toad) near the water.

ol-túálá Nom sg: ol-tualá. Acc pl: il-túálân. Nom pl: il-tualán. n. Iron cowbell, usually made by blacksmiths. Ɛ́tɨ́pɨ́kákɨ dúóó orkíné oltúálá. A castrated he-goat has been belled. (Pk). Ɛgɨ́ra ɔltualá lé sekenkêî aɨshɨ́r. The metalic bell is making a high-pitched sound. (Pk). See: ɔl-ɔ́dɔ́ŋɨ́dɔ́ŋ ‘Wooden bell’.

n-túálá [North] [North] Bell attached to the leg of a young boy in the belief that, if an older child has died, changing sth. about how this one is made up will avert a similar fate. See: ɛn-tárúnotó ‘Charm against death of a younger child or animal’.

túân Nom sg: tuan. Acc pl: túáni. Nom pl: túánî. adj. Beautiful. Éítuani taá dúóó táatá imbáâ ámaâ kinotô pɔɔkɨ́ tóki nikíyíéú. Things are beautiful today since we have gotten all that we wanted. (Pk).

a-tubaké v. To follow. See: a-dʉpakɛ́; a-ɨjɨpaá; a-írúkúrúkore; a-sʉ́j ‘To follow’.

en-tubúlōī Nom sg: en-túbulóí. Acc pl: in-tubúlok. Nom pl: in-túbulok. n. Dirt or dust in the eye.

en-túdé Nom sg: en-tudé. Acc pl: in-túdên. Nom pl: in-tudén. [North] Acc sg: n-túde. n. Usage: Taboo (in at least S). Vagina (of human only).

ɛn-tʉ́dɛ́ n. He-goat. See: ɔl-ɔ́rɔ ‘He-goat’.

en-túdu Nom sg: en-túdû. Acc pl: in-túduí. Nom pl: in-túduí. n. Jigger. Etymology: Swahili dudu 'insect'?.

l-tʉ́dʉ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tʉ́dʉ̂. [North] Acc pl: l-túduí. n. [North] Traditional tool with wood handle and iron shank, about 10 cm in length, used for stitching goatskins; needle. See: a-úd ‘To pierce’.

L-tukení [North] [North] Acc pl: L-túkên. [North] Nom pl: L-tukén. n. 1 • [North] Person from a Kalenjin tribe.

2 • [North] Tugen ethnic group; a Kalenjin tribe. Usage: pl.

tʉ́kʉ̂l Nom sg: tʉkʉl. adv. completely. Ɨ́ndɨpá taá ɨ́nâ síáai tʉ́kʉ̂l. Finish that work completely. (Pk). [ɪ̀nà] Nɨ́kɨshɨpá tʉ́kʉ̂l. We are very happy. (C). Syn: pî ‘Completely’. See: katʉ́kʉ̂l ‘Quite, completely’.

a-tʉkʉ́ny v. 1 • To press.

2 • [North] To lean on, clutch, hold on to.

en-túkurrúti Nom sg: en-túkurrúti. Acc pl: in-túkurrút. Nom pl: in-túkurrút. n. Ear wax. See: n-kutukurrukí [North] ‘Ear wax’.

l-tʉ́kʉtán [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tʉ́kʉtán. [North] Acc pl: l-tʉkʉtaní. n. 1 • [North] Room created at the roof of a house for keeping young ones for goats and sheep to prevent them being attacked by fleas.

2 • [North] Shelf for keeping utensils.

3 • [North] Large basket. See: ɛ-mɨ́sa ‘Table, shelf’.

en-túkutuk Nom sg: en-túkútuk. Acc pl: in-tukutukuní. Nom pl: in-túkutukuní. [Purko] Acc pl: in-tukutukí. [Purko] Nom pl: in-túkutukí. n. Usage: pl. Concave tire sandals, popular with warriors. Káke ɛshɛ́ta áaɨtɔbɨrakɨ intukutukí náaīshopito ɛlɛ̂ mʉrraní. The concave shoes that this warrior are wearing are well made. (Pk).

ol-túkútuk Motor-cycle. Eyéwuo dúóó oltúkútuk ónapɨta ɔlpayíán obô. A motor-cycle that was carrying one man came. (Pk).

a-tukuyó [North] v.s. [North] To have a white and blue stripe colour pattern (of beads).

a-túl v. To hold.

ɔl-tʉ́lal Nom sg: ɔl-tʉ́lâl. Acc pl: ɨl-tʉ́lalí. Nom pl: ɨl-tʉ́lalí. n. Baboon. Átódúáa náají ɔltʉ́lal ɔyɨdákā ɛnkají. I have seen a baboon that jumped to the house. See: ɔ-ɛ́kɛny ‘Baboon’.

en-túlélēī Nom sg: en-tulélēī. Acc pl: in-túléle. Nom pl: in-tulelé. n. 1 • Fruit of the ol-túlélēī bush, which is a small yellow, poisonous ball; Sodom apple. Solanum campylacanthum, Solanum coagulans, Solanum incanum. Áatadanyakíne entulélēī ɛnkɔŋʉ́. I had a sodom apple burst in my eye. (Pk).

en-túlélēī

2 • Sodom apple leaves. The leaves of this plant are used to clean the insides of calabashes, and to treat swellings, chest problems, dislocations.

l-túlélēī [North] Sodom apple bush.

túlélēī [Chamus] Acc sg: tʉ́lɛlɛi. adj. Yellow. Éísikítōī túlélēī ɛná tulélēī. This sodom apple is yellow. See: sikítōī ‘Yellow’; búkóí [South] ‘Yellow’; dɛ́rlɛ́ɨ́ [North] ‘Yellow’.

ol-tulét Nom sg: ol-túlet. Acc pl: il-tuléta. Nom pl: il-túleta. n. 1 • Gourd in its natural state. Eyáwúá ŋolé nɨ́nɨ̂ oltulét olóító ailísh aɨtaá enkúkúrí. Yesterday my mother brought a gourd (in its natural state) so as to make a usable gourd out of it.

2 • Generation. Eéwuo oltúlet tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ́p lɛ́mɛ́yányɨt ɨnkɛ́râ intóiwúó. A bad generation has come to the world where children do not respect parents.

en-tulét Usage: Archaic. en-kídoŋ: ‘Tobacco gourd’. Tobacco or snuff container. See: en-kúkúrí ‘Calabash’; ɛnk-ɔtɨ́ ‘Small gourd’; ɛ-nyaánca ‘Small gourd’; ɛ-mála ‘Big gourd’; sorrôr ‘Type of calabash’; n-kɨrráú ‘Gourd’.

ol-túlī Nom sg: ol-tulí. Acc pl: il-túli. Nom pl: il-túlî. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-túlīī. [Purko] Nom sg: oltulíí. [North] Nom sg: l-túlî. [North] Acc pl: l-túlîn. [North] Nom pl: l-tulín. n. 1 • Buttock. Mmetumóki ɛná áyíóní atɔtɔ́na aɨtɔbɨrakɨ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́tɨ́jɨ́ŋá ɔldʉ́taɨ́ ɔltúlīī. This boy cannot sit well because he has a boil on his buttock. (Pk).

2 • Back part. iltulí lɛ́ nkají The back of the house. Usage: It is very uncouth and profane to use il-túli to refer to s.o. or sth. that is behind or following another.

n-tulúgo [North] [North] Nom sg: l-túlugo. [North] Acc pl: l-tulugoní. n. 1 • [North] Black-footed cat.

2 • [North] Caracal. Felis caracal. See: n-kuús [North] ‘Cat’; em-puús ‘Cat’.

en-tulúgumî Nom sg: en-túlúgúmî. [North] Nom sg: l-túlúgumî. [North] Acc pl: l-tulúgum. n.sg. Old, dry, powdered dung (of cows, goats, sheep). Kéyíéú néórí ɛnâ tulúgumî amʉ̂ ɛ́ɨ́pʉ́tá bɔɔ́. We better sweep this old dry powdered dung because it has filled the homestead. (Pk). See: in-kíík ‘Faeces’.

a-túm₂ PF [Southern Maa]: a-notó. PF [Northern Samburu Maa]: a-tumó. v. 1 • To meet. Népuo nétūmī ɨlaŋeni. They went and met wisemen. Áatumo. They are meeting. Képúó dúóó áatumo tɨ ɔŋatá. They were going to meet. (Pk). Áshɔ́mɔ dúóó atumoré olaigúánani tɛ nkâŋ ɛ́nyɛ. I went to meet the chief in his home. (Pk). Kɨ́shɔmɔ́ entúmo áayɨɨmakɨ enekinkô tenékitum iropiyianí. We went to the meeting to discuss how we will get the funds. (W). Kátúmo. I got it. (S). See: a-tumoré ‘To meet’.

2 • To find, get, have sth. Kátūm ráshé. I will find a piece of cowhide. (SN). Nítūm ɛntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ natabáyie nanʉ́ta You (will) find a woman who is pregnant. Ɛ́kɨ́gɨrá oshî táatá atúm ɛncán aɨtɔbɨrakɨ́. Nowdays we are getting rain regularly. (Pk). Áísídáí karsísisho tɛ nétum ɔltʉ́ŋání supát. Wealth is very good if possessed by a good-hearted (generous) person. (Pk). Nétum ɨnkɛ́râ (taábū) esúmash sápʉk. The children were very hungry. See: a-notó ‘To have gotten’; a-ŋamaá ‘To get’.

3 • To join two people in a marriage ceremony.

4 • To get an opportunity to; be able to. Ítúm atoóshō ɔlɛ́ɛ You will get to hit the man. peê kítûm áashɔm so that we can go.

a-túm ɛn-kɨ́má To marry (lit: to get a fire).

a-itutúm v.cause. 1 • To join, connect (eg. putting together a pen and its cap, two bones coming together), cause to meet. ɨŋɔnyɔ́ naáítutûm intíkan osésen pɔɔkɨ́ the veins that connect the lymph nodes to the rest of the body (W).

2 • To cause to get.

a-itutumó v.mid v.cause. To be together.

áa-tumo v.pl. To meet.

a-tumokí v.dat. 1 • To get sth. for s.o.

2 • To succeed.

3 • To do sth. to one's own advantage or convenience.

a-tumoré v.mid v.inst. To meet up with, get together with.

en-túmo Nom sg: en-túmô. Acc pl: in-tumoritín. Nom pl: in-túmoritín. n. Meeting.

Eyéwuo entúmô aitíŋ peê edoyíó ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. The meeting ended when the sun set. (Pk). Áíkerî ɛnâ áyíóní mmɛ pálāyū tɛ nâ túmô amʉ̂ kélō alimú ɨmbáa. This boy is irresponsible and therefore cannot be included in this meeting because he will disclose things. (Pk). Nímíló aké entúmo ɛnyɛ́ amʉ̂ ɛáta encótó. And don't go to his meeting because he is partisan. (W). See: a-túm ‘To meet’.

a-tumokí Variant: a-itumokí. v.dat v.aux+Subjunctive-infinitive. 1 • To have a good opportunity to. Ɛ́kɨ́gɨrá oshî táatá áatumoki áataas esíái. Nowadays we are having a good opportunity to work. (Pk).

2 • To succeed. Ɛgɨ́ra oshî táatá nɨ́nyɛ ɔltáání atumokí ámaâ naá enotó esíái. So-and-so is succeeding because he has gotten a job. (Pk). Mmetumóki ɛná áyíóní atɔtɔ́na aɨtɔbɨrakɨ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́tɨ́jɨ́ŋá ɔldʉ́taɨ́ ɔltúlii This boy cannot sit well because he has a boil on his buttock. (Pk). Ɛɨtʉ́ atumóki ɛmbɔ́látá ɛná kɨ́tɛ́ŋ. (My) holding of the mouth of this cow is not the best. (Pk). Ásɨ́p ajó imitumóki ɨlɔ tʉŋáni. Truthfully speaking, you cannot cope with (work with, coordinate with, approach) that man. (Pk). Átádê atumokí. I ate well (ie. to satisfaction). Etápéjóki ɛnaɨgára áatumoki. The ɛnaɨgára has been roasted nicely. (W). See: a-túm ‘To get’.

en-túmótó [North] Nom sg: n-tumotó. [North] Acc pl: n-tumót. [North] Nom pl: n-tumót. n. 1 • The finding or acquiring of something; acquisition, getting.

2 • [North] Junction (of roads, rivers, streams).

n-túmúáí [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tumúáí. [North] Acc pl: n-túmua. [North] Nom pl: n-túmûâ. n. [North] Intestinal worm; tapeworm. See: ɔl-pudúki ‘Tapeworm’; n-túmúáí ɛ́ nkɔp ‘Earthworm’.

n-túmúáí ɛ́ nkɔp [North] Nom sg: n-tumúáí ɛ́ nkɔp. n. [North] Earthworm. See: n-túmúáí ‘tapeworm’.

a-tʉmʉ́k v. To brew. Náa óre ɨ́nâ képūōī aké áadʉ̂m áatʉmʉk. And that one can just be brewed [type of beer for marriage negotiations].

l-túmuren [North] n.pl. [North] Short rains. See: ol-túmuret ‘Short rains’.

ol-túmuret Variant: tumurel. Nom sg: ol-túmúret. Acc pl: il-tumuretí. Nom pl: il-túmuretí. [Purko] Acc pl: il-túmúreta. [Purko] Nom pl: il-tumúreta. n. 1 • Early rain; short rainy season; sporadic rain. Enótokí ɔlɔtɨ́ túmuret lémé siî dúóó ɛncán ɛtóki. We have gotten some early, short, sporadic rain, not really significant. (Pk).

2 • Name of one of the seasons of the Maasai calendar, usually from November to January. Mmayíólo táatá eneikunúnó ɛlɛ́ túmúret ámaâ ɛɨtʉ ɛshâ ɔlápâ lɛ́ tɔmɔn oobô nɛ́ɨ́tʉ sha ɔládalú. I don't know the one that resembles this season since there was no rain in the eleventh month and there was no rain in the hot season. (Pk).

3 • April (lit: it-of-early-rains). See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’.

l-tʉ́mʉrɨn [North] [North] Nom sg: l-tʉ́mʉ́rɨn. n. [North] Rainy season during October-December. Corresponds to early rains of the Bible (Wagner, p. 217).

ɛ́n-tʉ́nɛ́nɛ̂ n. Enlarged, distended, swollen scrotum, due to disease.

n-tʉnɛ́nɛ [North] [North] Whitish substance that covers the bark of a tree especially when the tree is old. See: ol-mosorî ‘Egg; overgrowth of testicles’.

n-tunénêî [North] [North] Nom sg: n-túnenêî. [North] Acc pl: n-tʉ́nɛ́nɛ. n. [North] Moss, lichens (hangs in trees in the highlands).

ol-túnkásōī Nom sg: ol-tunkasóí. Acc pl: il-túnkáso. Nom pl: il-tunkasó. n. The meat left after extracting fat from the intestines and other organs in the stomach. Syn: n-káwa ‘Defatted meat’. See: ɨ-rɔ́nkɛ̄na ‘Defatted meat’.

tʉ́ntáí₁ Nom sg: tʉntáí. Acc pl: tʉntaîn. Nom pl: tʉ́ntaîn. adj. Characterized by an alternating black and white pattern. Éíshópíto entitó ɛnkɨlâ tʉ́ntáí. The girl is wearing an alternating black and white dress. See: ɛn-tʉ́ntáí ‘Oval bead’.

ɛn-tʉ́ntáí₂ Nom sg: ɛn-tʉntáí. Acc pl: ɨn-tʉntaîn. Nom pl: ɨn-tʉ́ntaîn. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨn-túntaí. n. 1 • Small oval bead of a standard size, commonly (but not necessarily) black or white color, used to finish the edge of necklaces. The black and white beads alternate around the necklace. Míncop ɛnâ mánkékí amʉ̂ ɛtadányatɛ ɨntʉ́ntaí. Don't wear that necklace because the oval beads (used to finish the edge) are broken. (Pk).

2 • Type of necklace. See: o-lópóní ‘Oval bead’; ɔ-saêî ‘Bead’; yíyáí ‘Black and white pattern’.

n-túntúmuai [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tuntúmuai. n. 1 • [North] Earthworm.

2 • [North] Blind snake. Typhlops.

ɨl-tʉ́ŋánákárêî Nom sg: ɨl-tʉŋanakaréí. n. Populace. Ɛ́ɨ́kɛ́nákɨ apá ɨltʉ́ŋánákárêî tɛldɛ́ árî. The populace was counted (ie. a census was taken) last year. (Pk).

ɔl-tʉŋáni Nom sg: ɔl-tʉ́ŋání. Acc pl: ɨl-tʉ́ŋáná(k). Nom pl: ɨl-tʉŋaná(k). [Chamus] Acc sg: l-cʉ́ŋáná. [North] Nom sg: l-tʉ́ŋani. [North] Acc pl: l-tʉ́ŋáná. [North] Nom pl: l-tʉŋaná. n. Person, human being. Átɔ́duaa ɔltʉŋáni ɔrɛʉ́ta inkíshú ɔlkɛjʉ́. I have seen a person taking cows to the river. (Pk). Mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni óítīēū. There is no one who dares (to do sth.). Ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá nabô oshî ɛɛ́ta ɔltʉ́ŋání. A human being has one head. (Pk).

a-tuŋúá v. To leave. Mátuŋúáí ɛnâ cocóróí amʉ̂ kɛ́ɛ́ta oróréí olêŋ. Let us leave this "bee-heaver" (person who talks so much) because he talks a lot. (Pk). See: a-ituŋuaá ‘To leave behind’.

ɨn-tʉŋʉ́s Variant: Ntʉŋʉ́s. n.pl. December; the month when the rains end suddenly. Ntʉ́ŋʉ́s ɔlápá ɔ́bāyīē tɔ lárî. December is the last month of the year. (Pk). See: ɨl-apaitín ‘Months’; a-ŋusʉ́r ‘To end suddenly’.

ol-túpa Nom sg: ol-túpâ; ol-túpā. Acc pl: il-túpaí. Nom pl: il-túpaí. [North] Acc sg: l-tupá. [North] Nom sg: l-túpa. Variant: l-tupá. [North] Acc pl: l-tupân. n. 1 • Bottle. oltúpa obô one bottle. iltúpaí ɔááre two bottles. Áaɨshɔɔkɨ̂ oltúpa lápɨ́k ɔlcaní. I have been given a bottle that I will keep (my) medicine in. (Pk). Kérícō rrárrat ɛ́ ltupá. Pieces of a broken bottle do hurt. (SN).

2 • Piece of broken glass, shard. Áatuduŋó oltúpâ olkimojíno. A piece of glass has cut my finger. (Pk). Borrowed word: Swahili chupa 'bottle'.

en-túpa 1 • Small bottle.

2 • File. See: ɔl-gɨ́rrɨ́gɨ́rrɛ́t ‘File’.

áa-ɨshɔ ɨl-túpaí To give intravenous medicine (lit: to give bottles).

a-túr [North]: tʉ́rr. [Chamus]: tʉ́r. v.prog. 1 • To dig deep. Ágɨ́ra atúr engúmótó nɨkɨpɨ̂k isúut. I am digging a pit that we will put rubbish in. (Pk). Nétúrí iŋgumót . Holes are dug (eg. in preparation for putting up a house). (Pk). Étúríto. He is digging it. (W).

2 • To dig the ground, especially using a hoe, to loosen the top soil for easy planting; cultivate. Ɛ́gɨ́ráɨ̄ áatur ɛnkɔ́p peê euní ɨmpɔɔshɔ́. The ground is being dug so that beans can be planted. (Pk). Ɛgɨ́ra áaɨtawaŋ ɛ́mʉ́kʉ́ntâ peê étúmí áatutur. The ground is being cleared so that it can be tilled. (Pk).

3 • To find out hidden, important information; investigate, interrogate. Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlpáyian aturú ɨlɔmɔ́n lɔɔ́rpúrishó ɔɔ́waitâ inkíshú. The man is finding out information about the thieves who stole cows. (Pk). See: a-irém ‘To cultivate’; en-túrótó ‘The digging (of a pit, hole, reservoir, puddle)’; ol-túrótó ‘Small reservoir, puddle’; en-túróré ‘Cultivtion’.

en-túrbúbūā Nom sg: en-turbúbua. Acc pl: in-turbubuaní. Nom pl: in-túrbubuaní. n. Puff adder. Bitis. See: ɛ-mɛ́ʉ ‘Python, puff adder’.

ol-túrén [North] Nom sg: l-túren. [North] Acc pl: l-túrénito. [North] Nom pl: l-turenitó. n. 1 • Space around the fireplace; hearth.

2 • [North] Entryway or sitting area of a traditional house.

en-turét Nom sg: en-túrēt. Acc pl: in-turéta. Nom pl: in-túreta. n. Digging instrument, hoe. Íyakáki enturét náló airemíé ende. Bring me a hoe so that I can go and dig there. (Pk). See: ɔl-cɛ́mpɛ; ol-mókómpét ‘Hoe’.

en-túrkulû Nom sg: en-túrkulû. Acc pl: in-turkuluní. Nom pl: in-túrkuluní. n. 1 • Dove. Átɔ́duaa náají ɛntʉ́rkʉlʉ̂ naɨnɔsɨ́ta ɨlkʉ́rt tɛ mpɔ́lɔ̂s ɛ́ bɔɔ. I have seen a dove eating worms in the middle of the homestead. (Pk).

2 • Pigeon. See: ol-maitai ‘Pigeon’; n-kutúkurrúk [North] ‘Pigeon’; n-cúlus ‘Dove’.

n-turlegé [North] Variant: n-tʉrlɛgɛ́. [North] Nom sg: n-túrlegé, n-tʉ́rlɛgɛ́. [North] Acc pl: n-tʉ́rlʉ́gɛ̂n. [North] Nom pl: n-tʉ́rlɛgɛ̂n. n. [North] Tree stump. See: en-kóbéí ‘Stump’.

ɛn-tʉrmái Nom sg: ɛn-túrmai. Acc pl: ɨn-tʉrmaîn. Nom pl: ɨn-tʉ́rmaîn. n. Disadvantaged one; Poor one.

ɔl-tʉrmái Male disadvantaged person. peê mípúkóo ɔltʉ́rmai so that you do not go hungry, poor one. See: ɛ-naɨbɛ̂; tolût ‘Disadvantaged one; poor one’.

é-túrókíne ɛnk-áji v.phrase. Widower (lit: The house fell down on him.). All the following phrases refer to s.o. who has lost a wife. See: a-úr ‘To fell sth.’; a-urokinó ‘To have sth. fall on s.o.’; é-tápɔ́lɔ́lɛ̄ ɔr-páāshɛ̄ (verb) ‘The fence fell apart (ie. to loose a wife in death)’; ɛ́tálá e-síáyioní ‘He has lost a wife (lit: He lost a dead wife)’; ei-tíányé e-síáyioní ‘His wife died’.

en-túróré Nom sg: en-turoré. n. 1 • Digging. Ɛnyaáká oshî táatá enturoré ɔ́ ngumót asapukú pésho. There is an increase in the digging of holes with no apparent cause. (Pk).

2 • Cultivation.

entúróré ɛnkɔ́p Cultivation. Máapé áaidip entúróré ɛnkɔ́p peê kípúó áŋ. [kípúó ! áŋ] Let us go and finish up the cultivation so that we can go home. (Pk).

ol-túrótó₁ Nom sg: ol-turotó. Acc pl: il-turót. Nom pl: il-turót. Variant: il-túrot. n. 1 • Man-made reservoir.

Kétíī ɛnkárɛ oltúrótó lâŋ. There is water in our reservoir. See: ol-buáá ‘Reservoir’. Syn: o-sílánkɛ́ ‘Reservoir’; sílánkó ‘Reservoir’. See: ɔl-ɔɨbɔtɨ́ ‘Dam’; a-túr ‘To dig’.

2 • Small reservoir; puddle, seasonal pond.

3 • Lake. See: ɛ-naɨpɔ́sha; ɛm-párínkóí; ɛm-pasô ‘Lake’; m-básu [North] ‘Lake’; ɔl-bálbál ‘Pool, lake’; ɛ-makát; ɛ-sʉ́kʉta ‘Mineral lake’.

en-túrótó 1 • Digging.

2 • Small reservoir.

3 • Chalk.

en-túrótó₂ Nom sg: en-turotó. Acc pl: in-turót. Nom pl: in-túrot. n. 1 • Digging. entúrótó ɛ́ ngumoto the digging of a pit (Pk). Tápala entúrótó ɛ́ ɨ́nɛ wúéji amʉ̂ kégol. Stop the digging of that place because it is hard. (Pk).

2 • Chalk. Ɛyéliakɨ́ ɛldɛ̂ mʉ́rráni entúrótó amʉ̂ ɛ́ɨ́dɨ́pá intaléŋo. That warrior has been painted with chalk because he is done with the ceremony. (Pk). Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkɛráí airím enkomóm ɛ́ nkáɨ́ tɛ nturotó. The child is daubing the face of the other using chalk. (Pk). See: ɛnk-ɔɨbɔtɨ́ ‘White soil’.

ol-turpá n. A child born from a girl who became pregnanant prior to circumcison. This is a disgraceful situation for both child and mother. Therefore, this word should be used with care and could possibly be offensive.

en-turpá Syn: [North] l-múrsánɛ́t ‘Illegitimate child’. Female child born from a girl who became pregnant prior to circumcision. See: ɛn-kɛ́ráí ‘Child’; ɛn-táápáí ‘Girl pregnant before circumcision’.

túrúáí Nom sg: turúáí. Acc pl: túrua. Nom pl: túrúa. adj. Lazy. Usage: people.

en-túrúáí n. Lazy woman, who does a slow and poor job of building her house, is a slovenly and careless house-keeper, etc.

ol-túrúáí Lazy man.

ɛn-tʉ́rʉ́j Nom sg: ɛn-tʉrʉ́j. Acc pl: ɨn-tʉrʉjá. Nom pl: ɨn-tʉ́rʉ́ja. n. Taboo, prohibition. Eg. young men eating meat in the presence of women before officially undergoing the ceremony which allows it. See: ɔl-mɨnɔ́ŋ ‘Extreme taboo’.

ɔl-tʉrʉ́ka Acc pl: il-turukan. n. Hippo, hippopotamus. hippopotamus amphibius. See: ol-empéi ‘Hippo’; ɔl-makáʉ ‘Hippo’; l-turrúka [North] ‘Hippo’.

ol-túrúmét Nom sg: ol-turumét. Acc pl: il-turumetí. Nom pl: il-túrumetí. n. 1 • Beer in a small calabash held and drunk (and share with other men) by the man who is the father of the newly-circumcised boy/girl.

2 • Cup.

3 • [North] Naked mole rat.

4 • [North] Blind person.

5 • [North] Blind insect which burrows.

ol-turúnki [North] Acc sg: turúnki. n. Tea without milk. Etymology: ? < English strong.

l-turuŋúŋúâî [North] n. [North] Large insect that eats wood; carpenter bee.

a-turuturishó v. To dig listlessly. Ágɨ́ra aturuturishó tené peê aɨŋuráá tanaa kátúm ina dúóó tona. I am digging here listlessly with hope that I will get the roots I wanted (eg. for treating a disease). (Pk).

n-túrriei [North] [North] Nom sg: n-túrríêî. Variant: n-túrrêî. n. [North] Person who does not belong to a clan; clanless.

l-turrúka [North] [North] Nom sg: l-túrruka. [North] Acc pl: l-turrukaní. [North] Nom pl: l-túrrukaní. [Chamus] Acc sg: tʉrrʉ́ka. n. [North] Hippopotamus. See: ɔl-tʉrʉ́ka ‘Hippo’.

ol-túrrúr Nom sg: ol-turrúr. Acc pl: il-túrrúrí. [North] Acc sg: túrrúrr. [Chamus] Acc sg: túrúr. n. Crowd of people, group; irgabuzatuib. Shɔ́mɔ́ ɛldɛ̂ túrrúr ótíí ɛndɛ̂ ɨ́ŋurááɨ́ anáa ítʉm. Go to that crowd of people and see whether you can find him. (Pk). Ɛ́yaʉ́ ɨropiyianí naápɨkɨ́ ɔlbɛ́nɛ́ lɔɔ́ ntasáti ɔ́ ltúrrúr. [ɔ́lturur] Bring money that will be put in the group of women's account. (Pk). See: en-tukus ‘Crowd’.

l-túrrúrr [North] [North] Nom sg: l-turrúrr. [North] Acc pl: l-túrrúrrí. [North] Nom pl: l-turrurrí. n. [North] Crowd. See: a-iturrúrr ‘To gather’.

a-tút [North] v. 1 • [North] To miss the target, aim wrong.

2 • [North] To miss a chance (e.g a bus).

3 • [North] To err. Kétútó. He made a mistake. (S). See: a-díák ‘To miss a target’.

n-tutûâ [North] [North] Nom sg: n-tútûâ, n-tútua. [North] Acc pl: n-tutâân. [North] Nom pl: n-tútuan. n. 1 • [North] Container or basket made of sisal fibre used to store liquids like milk, water, etc. See: ɛn-kɨkápu; ɛn-kɨɔndɔ̂; ɛ-mɔɔndɔ̂ ‘Basket’.

2 • [North] "Calabash" made from palm leaves, used for miliking or drinking milk or water. See: ɛ-mála ‘Gourd, calabash’.

3 • [North] Large Rendille calabash for hauling water.

ɛn-tʉtʉ́a n. Basket. See: ɛn-kɨkápu; ɛn-kɨɔndɔ̂; ɛ-mɔɔndɔ̂ ‘Basket’.

en-tútúnyó Nom sg: en-tutunyó. Acc pl: in-tútúny. Nom pl: in-tutúny. [Chamus] Acc sg: tʉ́tʉ́nyó. n. Heel. Míntókí doí arɔrɔ́ ɛnkɔ́p tɔɔlkímojik aké tóroroyie siî nɨnyɛ́ entútúnyó. Stop standing using your toes alone; have your heel on the ground too. (lit: Stop kicking the ground with your toes alone but also use your heel.) (Pk).

n-túuntê [North] n. 1 • [North] Big-bellied animal; including human beings.

2 • [North] Hedgehog. See: n-titipayó [North] ‘Hedgehog’.