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The Observed Properties of Liquid Helium
at the Saturated Vapor Pressure

Chapter 16. Latent Heat of Vaporization

Adopted Database

Author(s)	Key #	Range(Å-1)
Van Dijk and Durieux	1	1 T 4.2
Berman and Poulter	2	1.5 T 4.2
Dana and Onnes	3	2.2 T 5.18
Ter Harmsel et al.	4	2.2 T 4.9
Theory	5	0 T 0.9

Comments and Key to Authors

1) Ref. 3. Discussion of data from references 1 - 3.
2) Ref. 2. Uncertainties:0.1% .
3) Ref. 1. Pioneering qualitative measurements.
4) Ref. 4. Uncertainties: Random 0.1% , systematic 0.03%.
5) The latent heat at absolute zero is taken as Lo = 59.83 J/mol. At low temperatures, L=Lo+(5/2)RT which was used to 0.9 K. Here, R = 8.31451 J/mol-K.
.

Table 16.1. Adopted database for latent heat of vaporization of liquid ⁴He.

T90 (K)	L (J/mol)	Key	T90 (K)	L (J/mol)	Key
0.0000	59.83	5	2.4049	91.91	2
0.1000	61.91	5	2.4049	92.50	3
0.2000	63.99	5	2.4049	91.94	4
0.3000	66.07	5	2.5052	92.92	1
0.4000	68.14	5	2.5052	92.46	2
0.5000	70.22	5	2.5052	92.45	4
0.6000	72.30	5	2.6054	92.98	4
0.7000	74.38	5	2.6054	92.80	1
0.8000	76.46	5	2.6054	92.95	2
0.9000	78.54	5	2.6054	93.40	3
1.0028	80.22	1	2.7057	93.25	1
1.1030	82.22	1	2.7057	93.31	2
1.2033	84.17	1	2.7057	93.50	4
1.3033	86.03	1	2.8060	93.58	1
1.4035	87.76	1	2.8060	93.59	2
1.5036	89.36	1	2.8060	94.20	3
1.5036	89.70	2	2.8060	93.89	4
1.6037	90.74	1	2.9061	93.81	1
1.6037	90.86	2	2.9061	93.81	2
1.7039	91.88	1	2.9061	94.16	4
1.7039	91.92	2	3.0063	93.91	1
1.8041	92.72	1	3.0063	93.90	2
1.8041	92.72	2	3.0063	94.70	3
1.9042	93.17	1	3.0063	94.29	4
1.9042	93.13	2	3.1064	93.90	1
2.0042	93.13	1	3.1064	93.90	2
2.0042	93.01	2	3.1064	94.30	4
2.1044	92.32	1	3.2066	93.75	1
2.1044	92.03	2	3.2066	93.78	2
2.1546	91.47	1	3.2066	94.60	3
2.1546	91.16	2	3.2066	94.19	4
2.1646	91.21	1	3.3067	93.44	1
2.1646	90.98	2	3.3067	93.50	2
2.1748	90.86	1	3.3067	93.95	4
2.1748	90.79	2	3.4069	92.99	1
2.1946	90.75	1	3.4069	93.06	2
2.1946	90.71	2	3.4069	93.90	3
2.2046	90.75	1	3.4069	93.56	4
2.2046	90.77	2	3.5070	92.42	1
2.2046	91.40	3	3.5070	92.46	2
2.2046	91.07	4	3.5070	92.99	4
2.2546	90.91	1	3.6070	91.64	1
2.2546	91.05	2	3.6070	91.67	2
2.3047	91.16	1	3.6070	92.70	3
2.3047	91.34	2	3.6070	92.27	4
2.3047	91.51	4	3.7071	90.71	1
2.4049	91.73	1	3.7071	90.71	2

Figure 16.1. The recommended values for the latent heat of vaporization of liquid 4He as a function of temperature at the saturated vapor pressure.

Table 16.2. Knots and coefficients for the spline fit of the latent heat of vaporization of liquid ⁴He.

Knots	Coefficients
K(1) = 0.000000	C(1) = 59.82983
K(2) = 0.000000	C(2) = 68.59642
K(3) = 0.000000	C(3) = 82.78576
K(4) = 0.000000	C(4) = 94.70215
K(5) = 1.268000	C(5) = 92.50350
K(6) = 1.980630	C(6) = 90.73236
K(7) = 2.176800	C(7) = 93.68727
K(8) = 2.176800	C(8) = 97.81899
K(9) = 2.176800	C(9) = 80.05877
K(10) = 3.726500	C(10) = 64.58454
K(11) = 4.378900	C(11) = 29.47641
K(12) = 5.106127	C(12) = 15.94783
K(13) = 5.178168	C(13) = 3.110047E-04
K(14) = 5.195767
K(15) = 5.195767
K(16) = 5.195767
K(17) = 5.195767

Figure 16.2. Detail of the recommended values latent heat of vaporization about the lambda transition.

Table 16.3. Recommended values of the latent heat of vaporization of liquid ⁴He as a function of temperature at the saturated vapor pressure.

T90 (K)	L (J/mol)	T90 (K)	L (J/mol)
0.00	59.83	2.35	91.71
0.05	60.87	2.40	91.98
0.10	61.91	2.45	92.24
0.15	62.95	2.50	92.50
0.20	64.00	2.55	92.74
0.25	65.04	2.60	92.97
0.30	66.08	2.65	93.18
0.35	67.13	2.70	93.38
0.40	68.17	2.75	93.56
0.45	69.21	2.80	93.71
0.50	70.24	2.85	93.85
0.55	71.28	2.90	93.96
0.60	72.31	2.95	94.05
0.65	73.33	3.00	94.11
0.70	74.35	3.05	94.14
0.75	75.37	3.10	94.14
0.80	76.38	3.15	94.11
0.85	77.38	3.20	94.05
0.90	78.37	3.25	93.94
0.95	79.36	3.30	93.80
1.00	80.33	3.35	93.63
1.05	81.30	3.40	93.41
1.10	82.26	3.45	93.14
1.15	83.21	3.50	92.84
1.20	84.14	3.55	92.48
1.25	85.06	3.60	92.08
1.30	85.97	3.65	91.63
1.35	86.87	3.70	91.13
1.40	87.73	3.75	90.58
1.45	88.56	3.80	89.97
1.50	89.35	3.85	89.31
1.55	90.09	3.90	88.59
1.60	90.77	3.95	87.82
1.65	91.38	4.00	87.00
1.70	91.91	4.05	86.13
1.75	92.36	4.10	85.20
1.80	92.72	4.15	84.22
1.85	92.98	4.20	83.19
1.90	93.13	4.25	82.11
1.95	93.16	4.30	80.98
2.00	93.07	4.35	79.80
2.05	92.80	4.40	78.57
2.10	92.27	4.45	77.27
2.18	90.75	4.50	75.86
2.18	90.75	4.55	74.32
2.18	90.75	4.60	72.59
2.18	90.75	4.65	70.64
2.18	90.74	4.70	68.44
2.18	90.74	4.75	65.94
2.18	90.74	4.80	63.11
2.18	90.74	4.85	59.90
2.18	90.73	4.90	56.28
2.18	90.73	4.95	52.22
2.18	90.73	5.00	47.67
2.20	90.87	5.05	42.59
2.25	91.15	5.10	36.95
2.30	91.43	5.15	29.34

Figure 16.3. The fractional deviation of values of the adopted database from the recommended values for the latent heat expressed in percent.

Chronological Bibliography for Mutual Friction

1	L. I. Dana and K. H. Onnes, "Further Experiments with Liquid Helium. B. A. Preliminary Determinations of the Latent Heat of Vaporization of Liquid Helium," Proc. Roy. Acad. Amsterdam 29, 1051-1061 (1926).
2	R. Berman and J. Poulter, “On the Latent Heat and Vapour Density of Helium,” Phil. Mag. 43, 1047-1054 (1952).
3	H. Van Dijk and M. Durieux, “The Temperature Scale in the Liquid Helium Region,” in Progress in Low Temperature Physics, edited by C. J. Gorter (North Holland, 1957), Vol. 2, pp. 431-464.
4	H. Ter Harmsel, H. Van Dijk, and M. Durieux, “The Heat of Vaporization of Helium,” Physica 36, 620-636 (1967).