|
|
The
Observed Properties of Liquid Helium
at the Saturated Vapor
Pressure
Chapter
4. Second Sound Velocity
Adopted
Database
Author(s) |
Key # |
Method |
Range (K) |
Uncertainty (%) |
Heiserman et al |
1 |
Resonance |
1.187
T
2.150 |
<
0.2 |
Greywall & Ahlers |
2 |
Resonance |
2.16
T
2.172 |
<
0.2 |
Tam & Ahlers |
3 |
Resonance |
0.15
T
2.16 |
<
0.2 |
Peshkov |
4 |
Resonance |
0.5
T
1.15 |
0.75 |
Wang et al. |
5 |
Resonance |
1.187
T 1.804 |
0.07 |
Lipa & Marek |
6 |
Resonance |
1.13
T
2.09 |
see comment 6 |
Comments
and Key to Authors
1)
Ref. 23. Points at 2.05 K and 2.15 K omitted as inconsistent with later
measurements.
2) Ref. 19. Data above 2.145 K omitted in favor of data of Greywall and
Ahlers.
3) Ref. 26.
4) Ref. 8. Data used only below 1.15 K, higher temperature data is inconsistent
with later measurements.
5) Ref. 27.
6) Ref. 28. Consists of points normalized to measurements of Greywall
and Ahlers at t=1-T/T =10-3.
Authors note that for t < 3x10-6 tests of the calculation
of superfluid density from second sound begin to deviate from the best
fit function.
7) The velocities are listed in m/sec. Multiply by 100 to convert to cm/sec.
Table 4.1. Adopted database for second sound velocity in helium II.
T90 (K) |
u2 (m/s) |
Key |
T90 |
u2 (m/s) |
Key |
0.551743
|
1.05000E+2 |
4
|
1.652076 |
2.03647E+1 |
5 |
0.601874
|
8.30000E+1 |
4 |
1.653078 |
2.03648E+1 |
5 |
0.651991
|
6.20000E+1 |
4
|
1.653779
|
2.04000E+1 |
1 |
0.702125
|
4.65000E+1 |
4
|
1.653779 |
2.03450E+1 |
3 |
0.752245
|
3.60000E+1 |
4 |
1.654080 |
2.03647E+1 |
5 |
0.802362
|
2.90000E+1 |
4 |
1.655082 |
2.03645E+1 |
5 |
0.852476
|
2.44000E+1 |
4
|
1.656084 |
2.03644E+1 |
5 |
0.902586
|
2.16000E+1 |
4
|
1.657086 |
2.03642E+1 |
5 |
0.952694
|
1.98000E+1 |
4
|
1.703882
|
2.03600E+1 |
2 |
1.002777
|
1.89000E+1 |
4
|
1.703882
|
2.02950E+1 |
3 |
1.052861
|
1.85000E+1 |
4
|
1.706888 |
2.03300E+1 |
1 |
1.102955
|
1.83300E+1 |
4 |
1.708993 |
2.03030E+1 |
5 |
1.122986
|
1.83000E+1 |
4 |
1.753981 |
2.01350E+1 |
3 |
1.137607
|
1.83754E+1
|
5
|
1.756986 |
2.01600E+1 |
1 |
1.137607
|
1.83742E+1 |
5 |
1.758690 |
2.01364E+1 |
5 |
1.83742E+1 |
1.83739E+1
|
5 |
1.804065 |
1.98900E+1 |
2 |
1.153029
|
1.83300E+1
|
4
|
1.804065
|
1.98450E+1 |
3 |
1.167152
|
1.84292E+1 |
5
|
1.808071
|
1.98800E+1
|
1 |
1.190093
|
1.84500E+1 |
1 |
1.808271 |
1.98395E+1 |
5 |
1.215134
|
1.85636E+1
|
5
|
1.808371
|
1.98381E+1
|
5 |
1.246176
|
1.87500E+1 |
1 |
1.854119 |
1.94200E+1 |
1 |
1.251399
|
1.87366E+1 |
5 |
1.854119 |
1.94000E+1 |
3 |
1.301319
|
1.90600E+1 |
1 |
1.857822 |
1.93832E+1
|
5 |
1.337208
|
1.92012E+1 |
5 |
1.904151
|
1.88000E+1
|
1 |
1.337409
|
1.91954E+1 |
5 |
1.904151
|
1.87800E+1 |
2 |
1.354445
|
1.93000E+1 |
1 |
1.904151
|
1.87550E+1 |
3 |
1.374079
|
1.93980E+1
|
5 |
1.904151 |
1.87620E+1 |
3 |
1.405517
|
1.95900E+1 |
1 |
1.907353
|
1.87314E+1 |
5 |
1.418729
|
1.96354E+1 |
5 |
1.954189
|
1.78400E+1 |
1 |
1.418829
|
1.96393E+1
|
5 |
1.954189
|
1.78640E+1
|
3 |
1.454558
|
1.98500E+1 |
1 |
1.954189
|
1.78700E+1 |
3 |
1.468770
|
1.98797E+1 |
5 |
1.957192
|
1.78245E+1
|
5 |
1.504599
|
2.01000E+1
|
1
|
1.976908
|
1.73749E+1
|
5 |
1.517108
|
2.00828E+1 |
5 |
2.004234
|
1.66800E+1 |
1 |
1.553637
|
2.02600E+1 |
1 |
2.004234
|
1.66380E+1 |
3 |
1.556640
|
2.02000E+1 |
3 |
2.006736
|
1.65832E+1
|
5 |
1.563245
|
2.02338E+1 |
5 |
2.026757 |
1.59588E+1
|
5 |
1.603690
|
2.03600E+1 |
1 |
2.036769
|
1.56137E+1 |
5 |
1.603690
|
2.03800E+1 |
2 |
2.046682
|
1.52424E+1 |
5 |
1.603690
|
2.03100E+1 |
3
|
2.054293
|
1.49260E+1 |
3 |
1.611903
|
2.03336E+1 |
5 |
2.054293
|
1.49350E+1 |
3 |
1.612103
|
2.03339E+1
|
5 |
2.056697
|
1.48429E+1 |
5 |
1.646264
|
2.03643E+1
|
5 |
2.066614
|
1.44125E+1
|
5 |
1.647266
|
2.03645E+1
|
5 |
2.076632
|
1.39451E+1 |
5 |
1.648168
|
2.03646E+1 |
5 |
2.084349
|
1.35550E+1
|
3 |
1.649170
|
2.03647E+1 |
5 |
2.086133
|
1.34778E+1 |
2 |
1.650172
|
2.03647E+1 |
5 |
2.086553
|
1.34370E+1 |
5 |
Table
4.1. (Continued)
T90 (K) |
u2 (m/s) |
Key |
T90 |
u2 (m/s) |
Key |
1.651174
|
2.03647E+1 |
5 |
2.096678 |
1.28791E+1 |
5 |
2.096777
|
1.28865E+1
|
2
|
2.169878
|
4.95010E+0 |
2 |
2.104399
|
1.24120E+1 |
3
|
2.170387
|
4.79702E+0 |
6 |
2.104399
|
1.24070E+1 |
3
|
2.170722
|
4.69640E+0
|
2 |
2.106209
|
1.23112E+1 |
2
|
2.171109
|
4.57153E+0
|
6 |
2.114429
|
1.17390E+1 |
3
|
2.171274
|
4.51860E+0 |
2 |
2.114572
|
1.17519E+1
|
2 |
2.171601 |
4.40753E+0 |
6 |
2.121978
|
1.12045E+1 |
2 |
2.172127 |
4.28890E+0 |
2 |
2.124462
|
1.09980E+1 |
3 |
2.172516 |
4.14923E+0
|
6 |
2.128512
|
1.06792E+1
|
2
|
2.172678 |
4.08362E+0 |
6 |
2.134262
|
1.01738E+1 |
2
|
2.172714 |
4.06910E+0 |
2 |
2.134497
|
1.01330E+1 |
3
|
2.173031
|
3.94628E+0 |
6 |
2.143812
|
9.21890E+0
|
2 |
2.173227 |
3.86140E+0 |
2 |
2.144531
|
9.15200E+0
|
3
|
2.173323
|
3.81918E+0
|
6 |
2.147768
|
8.77150E+0
|
2
|
2.173667 |
3.66760E+0 |
2 |
2.149547
|
8.53300E+0
|
3 |
2.173702 |
3.65415E+0
|
6 |
2.151231
|
8.34400E+0
|
2
|
2.174015
|
3.50552E+0 |
6 |
2.154307
|
7.93250E+0
|
2 |
2.174071 |
3.47580E+0 |
2 |
2.154563
|
7.87300E+0
|
3
|
2.174404 |
3.30200E+0
|
2 |
2.154563
|
7.88500E+0
|
3 |
2.174434 |
3.29027E+0 |
6 |
2.157027
|
7.53700E+0
|
2
|
2.174695 |
3.14020E+0 |
2 |
2.158715
|
7.24200E+0 |
3 |
2.174712 |
3.13242E+0
|
6 |
2.159393
|
7.16540E+0
|
2
|
2.174894 |
3.02889E+0 |
6 |
2.160303
|
7.02130E+0
|
6 |
2.174954 |
2.98440E+0 |
2 |
2.160601
|
6.92000E+0
|
3
|
2.175059 |
2.92025E+0
|
6 |
2.160728
|
6.94955E+0
|
6
|
2.175174
|
2.84060E+0
|
2 |
2.161555
|
6.80603E+0
|
6 |
2.175303 |
2.75214E+0
|
6 |
2.161688
|
6.77390E+0 |
2 |
2.175395 |
2.68280E+0
|
2 |
2.162195
|
6.63700E+0
|
3
|
2.175417 |
2.67168E+0
|
6 |
2.162543
|
6.62154E+0 |
6 |
2.175579 |
2.54290E+0 |
2 |
2.162797
|
6.57542E+0
|
6 |
2.175637 |
2.50102E+0
|
6 |
2.163463
|
6.44730E+0
|
6
|
2.175726
|
2.42110E+0
|
2 |
2.163548
|
6.42830E+0 |
2 |
2.175757 |
2.39647E+0
|
6 |
2.163759
|
6.34400E+0 |
3
|
2.175873 |
2.28530E+0
|
2 |
2.164086
|
6.32429E+0 |
6
|
2.175873 |
2.29089E+0
|
6 |
2.164086
|
6.32941E+0 |
6
|
2.175965 |
2.19915E+0
|
6 |
2.164859
|
6.16542E+0 |
6
|
2.175982
|
2.17940E+0 |
2 |
2.165154
|
6.10070E+0
|
2 |
2.176020
|
2.14431E+0 |
6 |
2.165684
|
5.99373E+0
|
6
|
2.176052 |
2.11151E+0
|
6 |
2.166426
|
5.82716E+0
|
6
|
2.176092
|
2.06150E+0
|
2 |
2.166576
|
5.79100E+0 |
2 |
2.176134 |
2.01360E+0 |
2 |
2.167091
|
5.67341E+0 |
6
|
2.176173 |
1.97109E+0 |
6 |
2.167334
|
5.61191E+0 |
6
|
2.176176
|
1.96400E+0
|
2 |
2.167822
|
5.49940E+0
|
2 |
2.176282
|
1.83476E+0
|
6 |
2.168334
|
5.37105E+0
|
6 |
2.176309 |
1.79320E+0
|
2 |
2.168924
|
5.21570E+0
|
2 |
2.176312 |
1.79069E+0
|
6 |
2.169001
|
5.19167E+0
|
6
|
2.176370
|
1.70920E+0
|
6 |
Table
4.1. (Continued)
T90 (K) |
u2 (m/s) |
Key |
T90 |
u2 (m/s) |
Key |
2.169524
|
5.05328E+0 |
6 |
2.176405 |
1.64980E+0 |
2 |
2.169730
|
4.99384E+0 |
6
|
2.176416 |
1.63489E+0
|
6 |
2.176478
|
1.52760E+0 |
2 |
2.176798 |
2.36555E-1 |
6 |
2.176492
|
1.50471E+0 |
6 |
2.176798 |
2.31385E-1 |
6 |
2.176495
|
1.49907E+0 |
6 |
2.176798 |
2.31731E-1 |
6 |
2.176521
|
1.44833E+0
|
6
|
2.176798
|
2.25518E-1 |
6 |
2.176533
|
1.42230E+0
|
2
|
2.176798
|
2.28820E-1 |
6 |
2.176576
|
1.33353E+0 |
6 |
2.176798
|
2.22728E-1 |
6 |
2.176576
|
1.33060E+0
|
2
|
2.176798
|
2.26967E-1
|
6 |
2.176587
|
1.30893E+0
|
6
|
2.176798
|
2.23868E-1 |
6 |
2.176590
|
1.29971E+0
|
6 |
2.176798 |
2.23047E-1
|
6 |
2.176610
|
1.24990E+0 |
2
|
2.176798 |
2.19049E-1 |
6 |
2.176614
|
1.24231E+0
|
6
|
2.176798
|
2.20092E-1 |
6 |
2.176625
|
1.21207E+0
|
6 |
2.176798 |
2.21236E-1 |
6 |
2.176637
|
1.17840E+0
|
2
|
2.176798
|
2.18135E-1 |
6 |
2.176641
|
1.17056E+0 |
6 |
2.176798 |
2.17216E-1 |
6 |
2.176649
|
1.14596E+0
|
6
|
2.176798
|
2.17216E-1
|
6 |
2.176650
|
1.14391E+0 |
6
|
2.176798
|
2.17216E-1 |
6 |
2.176660
|
1.11521E+0
|
6 |
2.176798 |
2.17216E-1
|
6 |
2.176660
|
1.11828E+0
|
6
|
2.176798
|
2.15304E-1 |
6 |
2.176660
|
1.11490E+0
|
2 |
2.176798 |
2.14397E-1 |
6 |
2.176672
|
1.07626E+0 |
6
|
2.176798
|
2.13386E-1 |
6 |
2.176678
|
1.05750E+0 |
2
|
2.176798
|
2.13386E-1 |
6 |
2.176693
|
1.00600E+0
|
2
|
2.176798
|
2.12502E-1 |
6 |
2.176697
|
9.94256E-1 |
6 |
2.176798
|
2.12502E-1 |
6 |
2.176706
|
9.59200E-1 |
2
|
2.176798
|
2.10558E-1 |
6 |
2.176710
|
9.43007E-1
|
6
|
2.176798
|
2.08686E-1 |
6 |
2.176717
|
9.16500E-1 |
2
|
2.176798
|
2.07804E-1 |
6 |
2.176726
|
8.77500E-1 |
2
|
2.176798
|
2.07852E-1
|
6 |
2.176729
|
8.62034E-1 |
6 |
2.176798
|
2.07852E-1 |
6 |
2.176733
|
8.41800E-1 |
2 |
2.176798 |
2.05951E-1 |
6 |
2.176737
|
8.25000E-1 |
2 |
2.176798
|
2.05093E-1 |
6 |
2.176743
|
7.97461E-1 |
6
|
2.176799
|
1.97314E-1 |
6 |
2.176744
|
7.93200E-1 |
2 |
2.176799
|
1.94212E-1 |
6 |
2.176754
|
7.39040E-1 |
6 |
2.176799 |
1.94212E-1 |
6 |
2.176764
|
6.69348E-1 |
6 |
2.176799
|
1.95274E-1 |
6 |
2.176764
|
6.71398E-1 |
6
|
2.176799 |
1.92427E-1 |
6 |
2.176775
|
5.89418E-1 |
6 |
2.176799
|
1.91700E-1 |
6 |
2.176777
|
5.65851E-1 |
6 |
2.176799 |
1.91700E-1 |
6 |
2.176785
|
4.83908E-1 |
6
|
2.176799
|
1.88324E-1 |
6 |
2.176788
|
4.51148E-1 |
6
|
2.176799 |
1.87355E-1 |
6 |
2.176792
|
3.82645E-1 |
6
|
2.176799
|
1.87355E-1 |
6 |
2.176795
|
3.24563E-1 |
6 |
2.176799 |
1.88426E-1 |
6 |
2.176797
|
2.72095E-1
|
6
|
2.176799 |
1.84011E-1 |
6 |
2.176797
|
2.66044E-1 |
6
|
2.176799
|
1.80988E-1 |
6 |
2.176797
|
2.61090E-1 |
6
|
2.176799
|
2.02214E-1 |
6 |
2.176797
|
2.48180E-1 |
6
|
2.176799
|
2.02434E-1 |
6 |
Table
4.1. (Continued)
T90 (K) |
u2 (m/s) |
Key |
T90 |
u2 (m/s) |
Key |
2.176798
|
2.42206E-1 |
6
|
2.176799 |
2.01435E-1
|
6 |
2.176798
|
2.36261E-1 |
6
|
2.176799
|
2.01435E-1 |
6 |
2.176798
|
2.35518E-1 |
6
|
2.176799 |
2.02490E-1 |
6 |
2.176799
|
1.99587E-1 |
6
|
2.176799 |
1.76016E-1 |
6 |
2.176799
|
1.98775E-1 |
6 |
2.176799 |
1.72643E-1
|
6 |
2.176799
|
1.99832E-1 |
6
|
2.176799 |
1.73834E-1
|
6 |
2.176799
|
1.94911E-1 |
6
|
2.176799
|
1.69586E-1 |
6 |
2.176799
|
1.95192E-1 |
6 |
2.176799 |
1.70702E-1
|
6 |
2.176799
|
1.78538E-1 |
6 |
2.176799 |
1.67700E-1 |
6 |
2.176799
|
1.78538E-1
|
6
|
2.176799 |
1.67819E-1
|
6 |
2.176799
|
1.77168E-1
|
6 |
2.176800 |
0.00000
|
0 |
2.176799
|
1.77211E-1 |
6 |
|
|
|
Table 4.2. Knots and coefficients
for the spline fit for the velocity of second sound. The spline returns
the velocity in m/s.
Knots |
Coefficients |
K(1)
= 0.5517426 |
C(1)=1.050000E+02 |
K(2)
= 0.5517426 |
C(2)=9.287425E+01 |
K(3)
= 0.5517426 |
C(3)=4.973642E+01 |
K(4)
= 0.5517426 |
C(4)=2.712778E+01 |
K(5)
= 0.6419700 |
C(5)=1.931258E+01 |
K(6)
= 0.8062300 |
C(6)=1.795336E+01 |
K(7)
= 0.9297000 |
C(7)=1.923863E+01 |
K(8)
= 1.069640 |
C(8)=2.115625E+01 |
K(9)
= 1.285500 |
C(9)=1.921708E+01 |
K(10)
= 1.720200 |
C(10)=1.575245E+01 |
K(11)
= 1.940430 |
C(11)=1.192157E+01 |
K(12)
= 2.068850 |
C(12)=8.953388E+00 |
K(13)
= 2.126220 |
C(13)=6.771458E+00 |
K(14)
= 2.153079 |
C(14)=5.506380E+00 |
K(15)
= 2.164207 |
C(15)=4.456879E+00 |
K(16)
= 2.169182 |
C(16)=3.840343E+00 |
K(17)
= 2.170551 |
C(17)=2.542421E+00 |
K(18)
= 2.174832 |
C(18)=1.957438E+00 |
K(19)
= 2.175738 |
C(19)=1.427086E+00 |
K(20)
= 2.176319 |
C(20)=1.001273E+00 |
K(21)
= 2.176600 |
C(21)=6.743104E-01 |
K(22)
= 2.176735 |
C(22)=4.565972E-01 |
K(23)
= 2.176780 |
C(23)=3.519492E-01 |
K(24)
= 2.176787 |
C(24)=2.088277E-01 |
K(25)
= 2.176797 |
C(25)=1.059874E-01 |
K(26)
- K(29) |
C(26)=0.000000E+00 |
=
2.176800 |
|
Figure 4.1. The recommended values for the velocity of second sound in helium II as a function of temperature at saturated vapor pressure.
Figure 4.2. Detail of the recommended values for the second sound velocity in helium II about the lambda transition.
Figure
4.3. The fractional deviation of values of the adopted data base from
the recommended values for the velocity of second sound in helium II expressed
in percent.
Table
4.3. Recommended values of second sound velocity in helium II.
|
|
|
|
T90
(K) |
u2
(m/s) |
T90
(K) |
u2
(m/s) |
0.6000 |
8.385E+1 |
1.6500
|
2.037E+1 |
0.6500
|
6.273E+1
|
1.7000 |
2.033E+1 |
0.7000
|
4.707E+1 |
1.7500
|
2.018E+1 |
0.7500
|
3.635E+1 |
1.8000
|
1.990E+1 |
0.8000
|
2.928E+1
|
1.8500
|
1.946E+1 |
0.8500
|
2.461E+1
|
1.9000
|
1.883E+1 |
0.9000
|
2.166E+1
|
1.9500
|
1.796E+1 |
0.9500 |
1.990E+1 |
2.0000 |
1.678E+1 |
1.0000
|
1.893E+1
|
2.0500
|
1.511E+1 |
1.0500
|
1.849E+1 |
2.1000
|
1.269E+1 |
1.1000
|
1.835E+1
|
2.1500
|
8.492E+0 |
1.1500
|
1.837E+1
|
2.1760 |
2.164E+0 |
1.2000
|
1.851E+1
|
2.1761
|
2.055E+0 |
1.2500
|
1.874E+1
|
2.1762 |
1.937E+0 |
1.3000
|
1.900E+1
|
2.1763 |
1.806E+0 |
1.3500
|
1.928E+1
|
2.1764 |
1.660E+0 |
1.4000
|
1.956E+1
|
2.1765
|
1.489E+0 |
1.4500
|
1.981E+1
|
2.1766
|
1.275E+0 |
1.5000 |
2.003E+1 |
2.1767
|
9.809E-1 |
1.5500 |
2.021E+1 |
2.1768
|
0.000E+0 |
1.6000
|
2.033E+1 |
|
|
Chronological Bibliography for Second Sound Velocity
1 |
V. P. Peshkov, “Determination of the Velocity of Propagation
of the Second Sound in Helium II,” Sov. Phys. USSR 10, 389-398
(1946). |
2 |
V.
P. Peshkov, “Velocity of Second Sound From 1.3 to 1.03 K,”
JETP USSR 18, 950-951 (1948). |
3 |
R.
D. Maurer and M. A. Herlin, “Second Sound Velocity in Helium
II,” Phys. Rev. 76, 948-950 (1949). |
4 |
J.
R. Pellam and R. B. Scott, “Second Sound Velocity in Paramagnetically
Cooled Liquid Helium II,” Phys. Rev. 76, 869-870 (1949). |
5 |
R.
D. Maurer and M. A. Herlin, “Pressure Dependence of Second Sound
Velocity in Liquid Helium II,” Phys. Rev. 81, 444-447 (1951). |
6 |
D.
De Klerk, R. P. Hudson, and J. R. Pellam, “Second Sound Propagation
Below 1 Degree K,” Phys. Rev. 93, 28-37 (1954). |
7 |
P.
J. Bendt, R. D. Cowan, and J. L. Yarnell, “Excitations in Liquid
Helium: Thermodynamic Calculations,” Phys. Rev. 113, 1386-1395
(1959). |
8 |
V.
P. Peshkov, “Second Sound in Helium II,” Sov. Phys. JETP
11, 580-584 (1960). |
9 |
D. L. Johnson and M. J. Crooks, “Second Sound Velocities in
Helium II Near T Lambda,” Phys. Lett. A 27, 688-689 (1968). |
10 |
C.
J. Pearce, J. A. Lipa, and M. J. Buckingham, “Velocity of Sound
Near the Lambda Point of Helium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 1471-1473
(1968). |
11 |
J. A. Tyson and D. H. Douglass Jr., “Critical-Region Second-Sound
Velocity in Helium II,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 1308-1310 (1968). |
12 |
D.
L. Johnson and M. J. Crooks, “Second-Sound Velocities, Superfluid
Hydrodynamics, and Scaling Laws in Helium II,” Phys. Rev. 185,
253-257 (1969). |
13 |
R.
Williams, S. E. A. Beaver, J. C. Fraser, R. S. Kagiwada, and I. Rudnick,
“The Velocity of Second Sound Near T Lambda,” Phys. Lett.
A 29, 279-280 (1969). |
14 |
M.
Kriss and I. Rudnick, “Size Effects in Helium II as Measured
by Fourth Sound,” J. Low Temp. Phys. 3, 339-357 (1970). |
15 |
R.
A. Sherlock and D. O. Edwards, “Oscillating Superleak Second
Sound,” Rev. Sci. Instr. 41, 1603-1609 (1970). |
16 |
D.
S. Greywall and G. Ahlers, “Second Sound Velocity, Scaling,
and Universality in Helium II Near the Superfluid Transition,”
Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1251-1254 (1972). |
17 |
G.
Terui and A. Ikushima, “Superfluid Density Near the Lambda Point
of 4He Under Pressure,” Phys. Lett. A 39, 161-162 (1972). |
18 |
G.
Winterling, F. S. Holmes, and T. J. Greytak, “Brillouin Light
Scattering from Superfluid Helium Under Pressure,” in 13th Conference
on Low Temperature Physics, edited by K. D. Timmerhaus, W. J. O'Sullivan,
and E. F. Hammel (New York: Plenum Press, 1972), pp. 537-541. |
19 |
D.
S. Greywall and G. Ahlers, “Second Sound Velocity and Superfluid
Density in 4He Under Pressure Near T Lambda,” Phys. Rev. A 7,
2145-2162 (1973). |
20 |
A.
Ikushima and G. Terui, “Superfluid Density Near the Lambda Point
of 4He Under Pressure,” J. Low Temp. Phys. 10, 397-405 (1973). |
21 |
W.
F. Vinen, C. J. Palin, and J. M. Vaughan, “The Scattering of
Light by Liquid 4He Close to the Lambda Line,” in 13th International
Conference on Low Temperature Physics, edited by K. D. Timmerhaus,
W. J. O'Sullivan, and E. F. Hammel (New York: Plenum Press, 1973),
pp. 524-531. |
22 |
G. Winterling, F. S. Holmes, and T. J. Greytak, “Light Scattering
from First and Second Sound Near the Lambda Transition in Liquid Helium,”
Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 427-430 (1973). |
23 |
J.
Heiserman, J. P. Hulin, J. Maynard, and I. Rudnick, “Precision
Sound-Velocity Measurements in Helium II,” Phys. Rev. B 14,
3862-3867 (1976). |
24 |
I.
Rudnick, “New Directions in Physical Acoustics,” International
School of Physics. Bologna: Soc. Italiana di Fisica LXIII (1976). |
25 |
R.
J. Donnelly, J. A. Donnelly, and R. N. Hills, “Specific Heat
and Dispersion Curve for Helium II,” J. Low Temp. Phys. 44,
471-489 (1981). |
26 |
W.
Y. Tam and G. Ahlers, “Superfluid Fraction of 4He from 1.5K
to T Lambda (P) and from Vapor Pressure to the Melting Curve,”
J. Low Temp. Phys. 66, 173-190 (1987). |
27 |
R.
T. Wang, W. T. Wagner, and R. J. Donnelly, “Precision Second
Sound Velocity Measurements in Helium II,” J. Low Temp. Phys.
68, 409-417 (1987). |
28 |
D. Marek, J. A. Lipa, and D. Phillips, “The Velocity of Second
Sound Near the Lambda Point of Helium,” Phys. Rev. B 38, 4465-4468
(1988). |
|
|