Maa

G - g

g Letter representing the Maa voiced velar stop consonant /g/.

a-galál v.prog. To gargle. Ɛgɨ́ra enkítok agalál ɔlcaní. The woman is gargling medicine (intentionally). Ɛgɨ́ra enkítok agalalakɨ́ ɛnkɛráí kʉlɛ́ The woman is causing the child to gargle the milk.

a-gám v.prog. 1 • To clamp, grip, hold tightly. Ágámɨ́ta ɔlbɛ́nɛ́ peê médóyio. I am holding the bag tightly so it doesn't fall.

2 • To be constipated. Usage: rare ?.

ɛn-gámátá Nom sg: ɛn-gamatá. Acc pl: in-gamát. Nom pl: in-gamát. n. n. Gripping, pincing. Áaitotiro ɛngamatá inkáík. The gripping has made my hands ache. (Pk). See: a-gám ‘To clamp’.

2 • n. Narrow but passable gap between two rocks, cliffs, trees, etc.; rift.

n-gárɨ́c [North] [North] Nom sg: n-garɨ́c. [North] Acc pl: n-gárícî. n. [North] Hunting blind.

gársîs [North] [North] Nom sg: gársis. [North] Acc pl: garsisî. [North] Nom pl: gársisî. adj. 1 • [North] Rich in sth. (cattle, wives, money, etc.).

2 • [North] Clever (of a child). See: kársîs ‘Rich’.

a-garsisú [North] v.incep. [North] To become rich.

ɔl-gárrámɛ́t Nom sg: ɔl-garramɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨl-gárrámɛta. Nom pl: ɨl-garrámɛta. [North] Nom sg: l-gárrámɛ́ta. n. 1 • Tongs, burdizzo. In Samburu, these are made of metal by blacksmiths. Íyaʉ́ ɔlgárrámɛ́t máídoŋɨ́ kʉlɔ̂ óroi. Bring a burdizzo so that we can castrate these he-goats. (Pk).

2 • [North] Wooden tongs made by women to pick up hot coals.

en-gárranî n. The bushes usually grow in groups.Type of bush.

ɛn-gárri Nom sg: ɛn-gárrî. Acc pl: ɨn-gárrīn. Nom pl: ɨn-gárrîn. [North] Acc sg: nk-árri. n. Car. Ɛ́ɨ́má ɛngárrî ɔlbarɨbára. The car has passed on the road. (Pk). nkɛjʉ́ ɛ́ nkárri tyre of a car (SN). Kópuonú áapuoyie aná árri. They will come to go via this vehicle. (SN). Étóóshó oldîâ láí ɛngárrî. My dog has been hit by a car. Borrowed word: English 'car'.

ɛn-gárri ɛ́ nkɨ́má [ɛ̀ŋɡárɪ̀ ɛ́ŋk!ɪ́má] Railway train (lit: car of fire).

e-sekenkêî ɛ́ ngárri ɛ́ nkɨ́má Railway line.

a-gás [North] v. [North] To begin, start; be the first.

a-gasʉ́ v.dir. To begin, start. See: a-ŋás ‘To begin, start, be first’.

ɛn-gaséti Nom sg: ɛn-gáseti. Acc pl: ɨn-gasetiní. Nom pl: ɨn-gásetiní ?. n. Newspaper. Borrowed word: gazette < English.

n-gasɨ́rɨm [North] n. [North] Sugarcane. See: ol-kikúá ‘Sugarcane’.

ɛn-gɛ́ɛ́m Nom sg: ɛn-gɛɛ́m. Acc pl: ɨn-géémí. Nom pl: ɨn-geemí. n. delicacy.ACC.

1 • Delicacy.

2 • Fat piece of meat. ingéémí fat meats.

l-geéti [North] [North] Nom sg: l-géeti. [North] Acc pl: l-gɛɛ́t. [North] Nom pl: l-gɛ́ɛt. n. 1 • [North] Wart or raised mole.

2 • [North] Hemorrhoid.

a-gɛ́l v. 1 • To divide, sort out (eg. separate out bad rice, beans, or maize from the rest). Ɛ́tɛ́gɛ́lá ɔlpáyian inkíshú ánaa ɨnkájíjík. The man has divided the cows according to houses (wives). Kégōl esíáai nágɛ̄lɨ̄ ɨlpáyɛ̂k ɔ́ mpɔ́ɔ́shɔ̂. The work of sorting out maize and beans is hard work. Tɛ́gɛla olmushéle. Sort out the rice (to remove the bad ones).

2 • To isolate sth.; separate. Ágɛ́láa entítō mɛtálamaa inkúlîê. I will isolate the girl to stay apart from the rest. (W). See: a-ór ‘To divide’.

a-gɛlaá v.dir. 1 • To segregate, separate. See: a-kɛlɛlaá ‘To separate’; a-rɨ́sh ‘To divide, separate, keep away’.

2 • To separate and drive away (esp. animals).

a-gɛlʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To choose, select out; elect. Tɛ́gɛlʉ́ ɨ́nâ kɨ́tɛ́ŋ tɔɔ́ nkíshu. Sort out that cow from the rest of the herd! Káji eikoní tɛ nɛ́gɛlʉnɨ́ ɔ laigúɛ́nani. How do they elect the age-set leader?

2 • To pick up; separate. Tɛ́gɛlʉ́. Pick it up (eg. rice from a tray). (W). Egɨ́ra Lɛpáapa agɛlʉ́ ɨlpáɛ́k oóíbukorí. Lepaapa is trying to pick up the corn that spilled. (W).

a-gɛlakɨ́ v.dat. 1 • To choose sth. for s.o.

2 • To separate and hand over to the owner.

a-gɛlarí To want to move away with one's belongings; love to be on one's own, live alone, isolate one's self.

ɛn-gɛ́lárɛ́ Nom sg: ɛn-gɛlarɛ́, ɛn-gɛ́larɛ. Acc pl: ɨn-gɛlaritín. Nom pl: ɨn-gɛ́laritín. n. 1 • Election. Kʉlɔ̂ tʉ́ŋáná dóí ɨlaŋorók lááinéí tɛná gɛ́larɛ. These people are my supporters in this election.

2 • [North] Collection of donations; harambee. See: a-gɛ́l ‘To sort’.

a-gɛlɛ́m v.prog. 1 • To castrate. See: a-idóŋ ‘To pound; castrate by beating’.

2 • [North] To castrate a calf by removing the testicles surgically. See: a-cʉ́t [North] ‘To surgically castrate a bull’.

3 • To trick, cheat. Usage: slang, insult; not many people would use the word in this sense..

n-gɛ́lɛ́mata [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gɛlɛ́mata. [North] Acc pl: n-gɛlɛmát. n. [North] Castration of a domestic animal with a knife.

l-gɛ́lɨmɨ̂ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-gɛ́lɨmɨ̂. [North] Acc pl: l-gɛ́lɨm. [North] Nom pl: l-gɛlɨ́m. n. [North] Small brown bird that hoots.

n-gélúnotó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gelúnotó. [North] Acc pl: n-gelunót. [North] Nom pl: n-gélunót. n. [North] Election.

a-gɛ́m v.prog. 1 • To cease bleeding (of a wound, or a woman's period). Ɛtɛ́gɛ́má ɔlbáɛ̂. The wound stopped bleeding.

2 • To dry up.

l-gɛ̂r [North] Nom sg: l-gɛ́r. n.sg. [North] Mercy, kindness, pity. See: ɔl-ŋûr ‘Mercy’; l-ŋɛ̂r [North] ‘Mercy’.

gɛ́rɛj Nom sg: gɛ́rɛ̂j. n. Garage. Borrowed word: English garage.

l-gɛsɛ́n [North] [North] Nom sg: l-gɛ́sɛn. n. [North] Skin worn by the mother at the time of her child's (boy or girl) circumcision. See: a-kɛsɛ́n ‘To tie on a skirt’.

l-gíitâ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-gíitâ. [North] Acc pl: l-giitaní. [North] Nom pl: l-gíitaní. n. [North] Rope, string. Alɛ̂ gíitâ ápórórīē anâ ŋɛ́rɛ́m. This rope is what I will use to creep/climb over this precipice. (SN). Kógól alɛ́ gíitâ lɛ́ ndʉpái olêŋ. [ndʊ̀pái] This sisal rope is very strong. (SN).

a-gɨ́l v.prog. 1 • To break sth. Kágɨ́lɨ́ta ɛnkalámʉ. I'm breaking the pencil.

2 • To bend sth. flexible over; fold. Ágɨ́lɨ́ta ɛnkɨlâ peê akɔnɔ́r. I am folding the cloth to keep it. (W). Mátɨgɨl kʉ́ŋ Let's kneel. (lit: Let's bend the knees.). See: a-kórd ‘To bend sth.’; a-shúk ‘To return’.

3 • To change money. Tɨ́gɨla kʉnâ pésaí. Change this money for me.

4 • To reduce the quantity of sth. Ɛ́tɨ́gɨ́lá ɔlámeyu ɨntáre. The draught has reduced the number of sheep.

5 • [North] To postpone (eg. a meeting).

a-gɨ́l ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ To eat less than one usually eats, so as to starve the stomach (lit: to break the stomach).

a-gɨ́l enkoríóŋ To rest (lit: to break the back).

a-gɨ́l nkɛjɛ́k [North] 1 • [North] To rest.

2 • To walk slowly (lit: to break the legs).

a-gɨlá v.mid. 1 • To be broken, get broken. Kɛ́gɨ́la lpiróí ɔ́taárrarra. The firestick which is old will break. (SN). Ɛ́tɨ́gɨ́lɛ ɛnkainá. His arm is broken. (W). Ɛtɨgɨ́lɛ ɔlálai lâî. My tooth broke. (W).

2 • To be folded up. Restrict: flat flexible item.

3 • To be mid to late afternoon (about 2:00 to 4:00 p.m.). Restrict: Sun. Ɛgɨ́la ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. It is mid-afternoon. (lit: The sun is bent.).

a-gɨlaá v.dir. 1 • To break sth. as one goes away.

2 • [North] To reduce speed in running (esp. out of fear).

a-gilíé v.apass. 1 • To break with.

2 • To cut with.

a-gɨlʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To break sth. off, intending to use or keep it.

2 • To repeatedly do sth. to try to dominate s.o., to the point that they are tired of it; fastidiate.

3 • To pour liquid into another container.

a-gilunó To be broken off from.

áa-giluno v.pl. 1 • To fastidiate each other; keep on doing sth. to each other until the other gives in.

2 • To outdo, dominate each other. Kɛ́ára ɨlɔɨŋɔ́k lɛ́ mbɔɔ́ nabô áagiluno. The bulls of one kraal continually strive against one another (try to dominate). Ɛgɨ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áagiluno tɛ súkuúl The children are trying to outdo each other at school.

a-gilunoré To go against, oppose. Kétíú ánaa iyíóók egilúnoré kʉlɔ́ tʉŋaná. It seems these people are against us.

ɔl-gɨlái Nom sg: ɔl-gɨ́lai. Acc pl: ɨl-gɨlá. Nom pl: ɨl-gɨ́la. [North] Acc sg: l-gɨláɨ. n. Tree sp. Teclea simplicifolia.

n-gɨ́lákínotó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gɨlakínotó. n. [North] Curve, corner, bend (eg. of a river).

ɛn-gɨ́látá Nom sg: ɛn-gɨlatá. Acc pl: ɨn-gɨlát. Nom pl: ɨn-gɨlát. n. 1 • A break (eg. place where a stick or bone is broken). See: a-gɨ́l ‘To break sth.’.

2 • Nook, enclave (eg. very small room).

3 • Fold of cloth.

4 • A repetition.

5 • Small section out of a big section of a clan; subsection, subclan.

6 • [North] Adjournment.

ɔl-gɨ́látá 1 • A section of sth. that has been divided (eg. a partition, room, alcove).

2 • Clan. All clan members put distinguishing marks on their cows.

3 • [North] The entry to a feeder stream in a riverbed.

a-gɨrá₁ v.mid. 1 • To be silent, quiet. Tɨ́gɨrayú amʉ̂ kérrinyúnyie aké nɨ́nɨ̄! Be quiet because mother will come back! Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlpáyian airoríé enkitók ɛnyɛ́ nagɨ́ra. The man is talking to his wife who is listening (lit: who is silent). (Pk). Kɛ́tɨ́gɨ́rɛ. He was silent. (S). See: ɛn-gɨ́ra ‘Silence’; girût ‘Silent’; a-rɔ́k táʉ ‘To not show feelings’.

2 • To have a naturally quiet, soft-spoken manner (of people). This does not describe a negative quality. Underlyingly the person may be cheerful, responds when spoken to and is polite, but just does not talk a lot. ɔltʉŋáni ɔgɨ́ra person who is silent; quiet, soft-spoken.

3 • To do slowly or listlessly.

4 • To be exact; nothing more. Tɛ nɨ́nkɛn ilkimojík lɔɔ́nkáɨ́k pokíra nɛ́ra tɔ́mɔ̂n nɛ́gɨ̄rā. If you count the fingers of both hands, they are ten and that is all. (Pk).

a-gɨrá₂ v.aux. 1 • Progressive auxiliary verb which indicates that an action is in process. Áagɨrá ɛnkɛráí ayakɨ́ ɛnamʉ́kɛ. The child is bringing a shoe for me. Ágɨ́ra aló enetíí Pápâ. I am going to my Dad. [planning to go, or in process of going] (lit: I am quiet to go to where my Dad is). Ɛ́gɨ́ráɨ̄ áatur ɛnkɔ́p peê euní ɨmpɔɔshɔ́. The ground is being dug so that beans can be planted. (Pk). Átɔ́dúa Tôm ɛgɨrá arɛwɨshɔ́. I saw Tom when he was driving. (either actually driving, or learning to drive). See: a-ɨrrág ‘To do continuously’.

2 • To try. Ágɨ́ra adaá. i) I am eating (at this moment). ii) I am trying to eat. (W). Ɛgɨ́ra Kónené akɛ́d oldóínyó, káke mɛɨdɨ́mʉ. Konene is (currently) trying to climb the mountain, but he will not be able to. (W). Ɛ́kɨ́gɨrá áajo mátayioló iróreí lɔɔ́ lMáásâɨ̂. We are trying to learn about Maasai words.

ɛn-gɨ́ra Nom sg: ɛn-gɨ́râ. n. Silence. See: a-gɨrá ‘To be silent’; girût ‘Silent’.

L-gɨ́raní [North] [North] Nom sg: L-gɨ́raní. [North] Acc pl: L-gɨ́râ. [North] Nom pl: L-gɨ́râ. n.prop. [North] A Turkana-Samburu person.

l-gɨ́rgɨ́rrɛ́t [North] [North] Nom sg: l-gɨrgɨrrɛ́t. [North] Acc pl: l-bɨrbɨrɛtí. n. [North] Metal file. Etymology: Recently introduced item.

ol-gɨrgɨ́rrɨ Nom sg: ol-gɨ́rgɨ́rrɨ. Acc pl: il-gɨrgɨ́rr. Nom pl: il-gɨrgɨ́rr. n. Plant used for making roof rafters and sticks to fight with. This plant is the origin of the placename 'Gilgil.'.

l-giriâî [North] n. [North] Henna bush. Henna is prepared from the roots of the plant.

ol-gírímâ n. Head (of household). Ɛgɨ́ra olgírímâ lɛ́ nkaŋ aitujúŋ ɨlayîôk lɛnyɛ́na. The head of the home is bequeathing (to) his sons. (Pk).

a-giroó v.dir. To pass by, go beyond sth. Négiróo. He passed (by sth.). Kátígíróyie. He proceeded beyond it. (S). See: a-kɨ́rr ‘To traverse, pass through’.

a-gɨrʉ́ v.dir. To pass towards the point of reference.

girût Nom sg: gírut. Acc pl: girútī. Nom pl: gírutí. adj. Not talkative, quiet, tends to be silent. This is a long-term personality characteristic.

ɛn-gɨ́ra n. Silence. See: a-gɨrá ‘To be quiet’.

a-gírr v. To drag sth. on the ground without lifting it up, against some kind of resistance. Ágɨ́ra agirroó ololá. I am dragging the luggage.

a-girró v.mid. To keep on dragging one's self, without primarily using the legs or arms; scoot. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkɛráí kɨ́tɨ agirró. The child is dragging herself. Ɛ́nyɔ́rr ɛnkɛráí kɨ́tɨ atogírrōyū tɛ nkɔ̂p. A small child will like to drag on the ground.

a-girrorrí v.dir v.mid. This can also describe translational body movements that one makes while asleep without waking up.To move or drag one's body away without moving the limbs, with the body in a sitting or prone position.

a-girrunyé v.dir v.mid. To move or drag one's body towards the point of reference.

a-gírr [North] v. 1 • [North] To gnaw (eg. a bone, bark of tree).

2 • [North] To start getting angry, esp. out of embarassment. Kétígírró. He got angry.

a-gírr (enk)áwuo Variant: a-gír enkáwuo. v. To frighten s.o. by pretending to be stronger than one really is; bluff. Mmɛ̂ asɨ́pani ɔltʉ́ŋání ógirr áwuo. A person who bluffs is not truthful.

en-gírrá Nom sg: en-girrá. Acc pl: in-gírrân. Nom pl: in-girrán. n. Half-calabash, bowl.

ol-gírrar Nom sg: ol-gírrâr. Acc pl: il-gírrarri. Nom pl: il-girrárri. n. Sleeping place for calves and sheep.

gírrárrí [North] n. [North] Heavy rain. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’.

a-girrigirrán v.prog. To confuse s.o. by telling them to do many things at the same time, so that they cannot do anything at all. Kɛ́alánu ɔltʉ́ŋání ógirrigirranɨ. A confused person will become inept/clumsy.

ɔl-gɨ́rrɨ́gɨ́rrɛ́t Nom sg: ɔl-gɨrrɨgɨrrɛ́t. Acc pl: il-girrigirretí. Nom pl: il-gírrigirretí. n. A file for sharpening metal. Ɛ́tɨ́pɨ́já ɔlalɛ́m amʉ̂ ɛɨgɨrrɨgɨ́rrakɨ́ tɔ lgɨrrɨgɨrrɛ́t. The sword has become sharp because it has been sharpened using a file. See: en-túpa ‘File’.

n-girrigírri [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gírrigírri. [North] Acc pl: n-gɨrrgɨ́rr. [North] Nom pl: n-gɨ́rgɨrr. n. [North] Cricket (insect).

gɨ́rrɨm [North] [North] Nom sg: gɨ́rrɨ̂m. [North] Acc pl: gɨ́rrɨmí. [North] Nom pl: gɨ́rrɨmí. adj. [North] Rich. See: gársîs [North] ‘Rich’.

ol-gírrimâ Nom sg: ol-gírrimâ. Acc pl: il-girríman. Nom pl: il-girrímán. n. 1 • One extraordinarily large in size or power.

2 • Head, leader. Ɛgɨ́ra olgírrímâ lɛ́ nkáŋ aitujúŋ ɨlayîôk lɛnyɛ́na. The head of the home is bequeathing (to) his sons. (Pk).

ol-gísan n. Month around October to January.

ol-gísoi Nom sg: ol-gisóí. Acc pl: ɨl-gɨ́sɔ. Nom pl: ɨl-gɨ́sɔ̂. n. 1 • Ring. olgísōī lɛ́ nkáɨ́ná finger ring. olgísōī lɔ́ lɔɨŋɔ́nɨ bull ring. olgísōī lɛ́ ncáshʉr sheath ring, put at the pointed-end of a sheath to prevent wear and tear. See: ɔl-pɛ́tɛ ‘Finger ring’.

2 • [North] A thin metal wire for stringing beads (eg. to make a necklace). See: enk-oríni ‘Thin wire for beads’.

3 • Small plate-shaped metallic ring with a hole in the middle to pass ɛnkalʉlʉ́ŋa through. Several of these are fitted into ɛnkalʉlʉ́ŋa and worn on the legs. When a woman walks, they hit against each other making noise. See: ɛnk-alʉlʉ́ŋa ‘Leg bangle’.

ol-gisóyiaî Nom sg: ol-gísóyiaî. Acc pl: il-gisóyia. Nom pl: il-gísoyíá. n. 1 • Type of edible root.

2 • Sweet potato. See: ɔlɛ kʉ́lɛ ‘Type of edible root’.

a-gɔgɔ́m v. To dislike doing sth. Kágɔ́gɔ́m ɛnkɨ́nɔ́sátá ɔɔ́ sɨ́nkɨ́r. I dislike eating fish. Kɛ́gɔgɔ́m elótótó e shoó amʉ̂ kéyīēū nɛ́tɔn tɛ âŋ. He dislikes going to herd because he wants to stay at home.

a-gogóŋ v. 1 • To be hot-tempered, fierce, belligerent, antisocial, unfriendly. Ɛgɨ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ógogoŋ akɛlɛlarí aló ɔ́pɛny. The antisocial person is going alone. (Pk).

2 • To be agressive, fierce. ɔltʉŋáni ógógóŋ person who is aggressive (Pk).

3 • To be stubborn, arrogant; difficult to treat or deal with. Typically used for children, but also for adults. It indicates that a person doesn't change even with repeated discipline, out of intentional refusal rather than out of inability to do sth. ɔltʉŋáni ógógóŋ person who is stubborn, arrogant. Ant: súpat ‘Good, kind, gentle’; a-shɨpá ‘To be happy’. See: gɔ́lɔ́ŋʉ ‘Disobedient; hard-eyed’; gólkue ‘Stubborn’; en-gogóŋi; ɛnk-ogóŋi ‘Hot-temperedness’.

en-gogóŋi Nom sg: en-gógoŋí. n. Hot-temperedness, stubornness. The characteristic displayed by a person who quickly tries to fight without listening to explanations; or who won't listen when another is trying to arbitrate. Áɨ́sápʉk engógoŋí ɔ́ ltʉŋáni ɔɨbá ilkʉlɨ́kaɨ. The hot-temperedness of a person who hates others is great. (Pk).

il-góítíé Nom pl: il-gooitíé. n.pl. 1 • Chests.

2 • Lungs. emueyíán oó lgóótíé a sickness of the chests (lungs). See: ol-goó ‘Chest’.

a-gól v.s. 1 • To be hard to the touch, not pliable. Káke egól ɛná rúát ilónito. This bed matress is hard.

2 • To be physically strong. This could be applied to a strong man, a woman who is able to endure much difficulty, a table, wall, etc. It does not indicate 'healthy'. Ígōl táatá. You (sg) are strong now. (SN). See: en-golón ‘Strength’.

3 • To be emotionally or psychologically strong; courageous. Kógolíto. He is strong; he is trying to be strong (eg. when he has been bereaved). (Pk). Íntagolioyí! Be courageous! (SN). Íntagoluoyú! Be courageous! (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ogól i) a person who is courageous. ii) a person who is physically strong.

4 • To be difficult. Kégól ɛncɔ́látá ɛ́na kúrríny. The liquefication of intestinal-fat is quite difficult. (Pk). Ágɨ́ra aureyú ɛnâ síái amʉ̂ kégól payé. I am growing to fear this job because it is difficult, of course. Etódúá Kímeli ajó kégól ɛntɨmatá. Kimeli thought that the test would be hard. (W). Eyéwuo ɛncân airopijíé ɛrámátarɛ amʉ̂ ɛ́tágóló oshî. The rain has come to make the rearing of livestock bearable because it has been difficult. (Pk).

5 • To be difficult to deal with (of people).

6 • To be expensive.

7 • To be hard-working.

8 • To be strict. Kógōl mbáa éílo tʉŋáni. That man is very hard (strict) in the way he does things. (SN).

9 • To be severe (eg. a famine).

10 • To be dense (eg. a forest).

11 • To be dangerous. Kégól inie amʉ̂ kétíī lŋatúny sapʉ́k. It is dangerous there because there's a big lion. (S).

a-gól lʉkʉnyá ext.poss. To be stubborn, hard-headed; insensitive to others, aloof (lit: to be hard the head). Óre apá Sairówua oltásat ógól olêŋ, ógól lʉkʉnyá. Now Sairowua was an old man who was very hard, stubborn. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ogól lʉkʉnyá person who is stubborn, hard-headed.

a-gól ɔ́ŋʉ ext.poss. To be disobedient (lit: to be hard the eye).

a-gól ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ext.poss. To be courageous (lit: to be hard the stomach). ɔltʉŋáni ogól ɔ́shɔ́kɛ person who is courageous.

a-golíé v.apl. Ant: a-shál ‘To be wet, weak, lazy’. To look after very carefully.

a-itogól v.cause. To harden, strengthen sth.

ɔl-gɔ́lgɔl Nom sg: ɔl-gɔ́lgɔ̂l. Acc pl: il-gólgolí. Nom pl: il-gólgolí. n. Dewlap of goat or sheep. See: ol-telélīāī ‘Dewlap’.

l-góligóli [North] [North] Nom sg: l-góligóli. [North] Acc pl: l-golgolin, l-gólgól. n. [North] Warrior's neck pendant resembling a small bottle made of beads.

a-golikí v.pass. To have problems, be troubled. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ táatá ɛtagolíkīō doí iyíóók naá aké. So nevertheless nowadays we are troubled. ɔltʉŋáni ɔtagolíkīō A person who is troubled, has problems. See: a-gól ‘To be strong, hard’.

a-ɨtagolikí v.cause. To make things hard for; trouble.

gólkue adj. Stubborn. See: a-gogóŋ; a-gɔlɔŋʉ́ ‘To be stubborn’.

l-gólomí n. Kind of tree found in large forests.

ol-gólomî Nom sg: ol-gólomî. Acc pl: il-gólōm. Nom pl: il-golóm. n. Human hard excreta. This cannot refer to animal droppings. See: in-kík ‘Faeces’.

en-golón Nom sg: en-gólon. [North] Acc sg: golóŋ. n.sg. 1 • Strength. See: a-gól ‘To be strong’.

2 • Hardness.

3 • Expensiveness.

4 • Drought.

5 • Hunger, as resulting from several days without food. Eátā golóŋ There is hunger/famine. (S). Usage: Contrast with eátā ɛsʉ́mash which could be said after a couple hours of not eating.. See: ɛ-sʉ́mash ‘Hunger’.

ɛn-gɔ́lɔ́ŋata Nom sg: ɛn-gɔlɔŋáta. n. 1 • Stubbornness.

2 • Disobedience. See: a-gɔlɔŋʉ́ ‘To be stubborn, disobedient’.

a-gɔlɔŋʉ́ adj. To be stubborn, disobedient, rebellious. This could be said of a person who repeatedly steals, then denies it when confronted. See: gólkue ‘Stubborn’.

gɔ́lɔ́ŋʉ adj. Disobedient (lit: hard-eyed). See: a-gogóŋ ‘Stubborn, arrogant’; a-gól ‘To be hard’; ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

ɛn-gɔ́lɔ́ŋʉ n. Disobedience.

en-gólóto Nom sg: en-golóto. Acc pl: in-golót. Nom pl: in-golót. [North] Acc sg: n-gólótó. [North] Nom sg: n-golotó. n. 1 • Difficulty, hardship. See: a-gól ‘To be strong, hard’; ɛ-nyamáli ‘Problems, difficulty’.

2 • [North] A sick person who is in critical condition, whom the family has no way to help.

3 • [North] Impasse, blockage.

l-gólōm Nom pl: l-golóm. n.pl. 1 • Two finger-shaped projections that normally grow from the neck of a goat. Syn: ol-telélīāī ‘One of wwo finger-shaped projections hanging on a goats neck’.

2 • Tree species.

3 • Fruit of the l-gólōm tree.

ol-goó Nom sg: ol-góo. Acc pl: il-goôn. Nom pl: il-góon. Acc pl: il-góítíé. Nom pl: il-goitíé. n. 1 • Chest (of men or women). Usage: In some dialects (S) this term is appropriate for animals or humans. For others (PK), ɔl-kâr is the primary term for 'animal chest', though ol-goó would not be completely inappropriate.. See: il-góítíé ‘Chest’; ɔl-kâr ‘Chest’.

2 • [North] Respiratory or chest infection.

en-goó Chest.

l-aɨshɨmɨ́ ló lgoó Chest bone.

l-goó lɛ́ nkáɨ́ná [North] [North] The heel of the palm.

a-gór v. 1 • To block the air passages, by covering the nose and mouth, or by choking at the neck; constrict s.o.'s throat to prevent breathing; suffocate, choke, strangle. Ɛ́tágóró, kákē ɛɨtʉ́ ɛyɛ́. He choked him, but he didn't die. Kítágórô. You all strangled me. (W). A piece of meat stuck in the trachea could also do this. Goats are killed by covering the nose and mouth, then bled.

2 • To hang.

en-gorí [North] Nom sg: n-góri. [North] Acc pl: n-gorîn. [North] Nom pl: n-górîn. n. Ratel, honey badger. Mellivora capensis. Etymology: Yaaku koiri.

ol-góríet Nom sg: ol-goriét. Acc pl: il-górietí. Nom pl: il-górietí. n. Corridor inside the house leading to the door. A traditional Maasai house has just one corridor.

a-goró v.mid. To be angry, mad, annoyed, upset. Of people, lions, hyenas, leopards, God, or other animates which have the tendency to be angry. Ɛtagóre ɔlmʉrraní amʉ̂ ɛɨtʉ́ ɛɨshɔrɨ ɛntóki nayíéú. The warrior is angry because he was not given what he wants. Egóro. He is mad (angry, annoyed, upset). (W). Magóro. I am not angry. (W). Ant: a-shɨpá ‘To be happy’. See: a-toló ‘To be wild’; a-gór ‘To strangle’; en-góro ‘Anger’; a-lɨsá ‘To be angry’.

a-gorokinó To become annoyed at.

a-ɨtagór v.cause. To make s.o. angry.

en-góro Nom sg: en-górô. n. 1 • Anger. Ɛ́táárá ɔlpáyian olowuarú ɔɨnɔsá inkíshú te ngóro. The man has killed the beast that has eaten the cows out of anger. See: a-goró ‘To be angry’.

2 • Strangling; slaughtering. engóro ɔɔ́ ntaré Strangling of sheep. See: a-gór ‘To strangle’.

n-góroô [North] [North] Nom sg: n-góroô. [North] Acc pl: n-gorooní. [North] Nom pl: n-górooní. n. [North] Tight neck beads worn by warriors.

ol-gós₁ Nom sg: ol-gôs. Acc pl: il-gosó. Nom pl: il-góso. [North] Acc sg: l-gɔ́s. [North] Nom sg: l-gɔ́s. n. 1 • The passage from the mouth to the stomach and lungs, in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone; esophagus. Mɛ́ɨ́dɨm atoijói ɛndáa amʉ̂ kɛ́yā ilgóso. He cannot swallow food because his throat aches.

2 • [North] Throat.

3 • Passage way or opening through the bush.

en-gós Small throat.

l-gós ɔ́ɨ́bɔr [North] [North] Trachea, windpipe.

l-gós ɔ́rɔ́k [North] Esophagus.

in-gosó n.pl. Whispering.

Whispering. See: a-ɨŋamɨŋám ‘To whisper’.

in-gosó kʉtɨ́tɨ Whispering.

ol-gosôî Nom sg: il-gósoi. Acc pl: il-gosó. Nom pl: il-góso. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-gɔsɔ̂ɨ̂. [West] Acc pl: ɨl-gɔsɔ́ (W). [North] Acc sg: l-gósói. n. Rope. See: ɔl-kɨ́ɨ́ta; ɛ-rɔ́kwɛ́ɛ́t ‘Rope’; ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́ ‘Strap’.

a-gót v. 1 • To hold tightly to. Áatagotóyie olóríka ɛnkɨlâ. The seat held tightly onto my cloth.

2 • To refuse to let out; hold onto. Tágotóí inkíshú peê mɛ́yá ɨlmáŋatí. Hold on to the cows (ie. refuse to let them out) so that the thieves won't take them away. Mígotóo áɨ́kátá entóki nɛ́mɛ̂ eninó. Never hold onto sth. that is not yours.

3 • To tighten (eg. a belt, rope).

a-gotoó v.dir. To hold tightly onto sth.

a-gotú v.dir. [North] To tie in a cloth, such that the content protrudes.

a-gotorí v.dir v.mid. To be stuck in a place.

a-gotoríé v.dir v.inst. To grab using sth.

en-gótoô Nom sg: en-gótoô. Acc pl: in-gotooní. Nom pl: in-gótooní. [North] Acc sg: en-góroô. n. 1 • Tight neck ornament made of i-lópon beads and worn by women.

2 • [North] Tight neck ornament made of bigger beads and worn by warriors; typically worn beneath other ornaments. See: a-gót ‘To hold tightly to’.

a-gúárr [North]: a-gúár, a-gúárr. [àgwárr] v. 1 • To stop raining. Ɛ́tágúárrá kʉlɔ̂ apaitín. It has stopped raining these months. Létúgúára. It has stopped raining. (S).

2 • [North] To rain, profiling the wetting of the ground. Kɛ́tɔ́gúárrá lárî. The rains have arrived. (S).

a-guarrá v.mid. To cease raining, have stopped raining. Megúárra i) Place name near the Maasai Mara. ii) Place that cannot stop raining.

ɛn-guarrâî Nom sg: en-gúárai. n. Cessation of rain; dry spell. Ɛ́ɨ́sápʉk engúárai táatá We have had a very long dry spell. See: a-gúárr ‘To stop raining’.

ɔl-gûɛ̂ [West] [lɡwɛ̂] n. Road. Ɛgɨ́ra ɔlárɛwání lɛ́ gárri aaraá encótó ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́ ɔ́ lgûɛ̂ peê mɛ́rʉ́s inkíshú. The driver of the car is keeping to the right side of the road so that he doesn't hit the cows. (W). See: enk-óítóí ‘Path, road’.

l-gúɛ́ɨ́tá [North] [North] Nom sg: l-guɛɨtá. [North] Acc pl: l-gúɛ́ɨ́t. [North] Nom pl: l-gúɛ̂ɨ̂t. n. Cordia sinensis. [North] Tree sp., whose wood makes good herding and walking sticks; also provides the sticks used in the fire making kit.

a-gúɛ́ny v.prog. 1 • To gnaw. See: ɛn-guɛ́nyátá ‘Gnawing’; a-gírr [North] ‘To gnaw’; a-ŋír [North] ‘To gnaw’.

2 • To tear meat with teeth from sth. Eguɛnyɨ́ta olkuyukúy olóito. The dog is tearing meat off the bone.

3 • [North] To remove small imperfections as the last stage in whittling. See: a-gúɛ́t ‘To whittle’. Etymology: From PNS *ɠwɛ́ɲ (C. Ehret 2003:146. "Language Contacts in Nilo-Saharan Prehistory." Language Contacts in Prehistory, Studies in Stratigraphy, ed. by Henning Andersen, 135-157. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.).

ɛn-gúɛ́nyátá Nom sg: ɛn-guɛnyatá. n. Gnawing. See: a-gúɛ́ny ‘To gnaw’.

a-gúɛ́t Variant: a-gúát. [àgwɛ́t] v. 1 • To whittle, pare, carve, sharpen, chop, peel using a sharp object like a knife, sword, cutlass, or chisel. agúɛ́t ɛnkalámu To sharpen a pencil. Tɨ́sɨpa ɛlɛ̂ rinká apá látágúɛ́tūā. Make this knobkerrie smooth that I have carved. See: ɔl-agúɛ́tani ‘Carpenter’.

2 • [North] To visit s.o. with the purpose of eating there.

a-guɛtakɨ́ v.dir. 1 • To carve sth. for s.o.

2 • [North] To carve sth. to fit into sth. else (eg. the shaft of a spear).

3 • To engrave.

a-guɛtʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To chop off slivers from sth.

2 • To carve out.

a-guɛtɨcɔ́ [North] v.apas. [North] To go visiting in order to get a meal; be a mooch.

ɛn-gúɛ́tátá Nom sg: ɛn-guɛtatá. n. 1 • Whittling.

2 • [North] Carving.

3 • [North] Begging. See: a-gúɛ́t ‘To whittle, sharpen’.

n-gúétítí [North] [North] Nom sg: n-guetití. [North] Acc pl: ngúɛ́tɨt. n. [North] Tip of tail of cow, donkey.

l-gulêt [North] [North] Nom sg: l-gúlet. [North] Acc pl: l-guléti. [North] Nom pl: l-gúletí. n. [North] Bladder. See: ol-kulêt lɔɔ́ ɨnkʉ́lák ‘Bladder’.

l-gúlúlûî [North] [North] Nom sg: l-gulúlui. [North] Acc pl: l-gulúlu. n. 1 • [North] Small hairballs found in the stomach of calves, lambs, etc.

2 • [North] Hernia.

ɛ-gʉ́lʉlʉ́m Acc pl: gúlúlūī (?). n. Fruit of the e-sékí tree; tiny, very sticky, sweet, edible, yellow in color. Eaten particularly by children.

a-gúm v. To be sunken or depressed in shape. Káagúm ɛnkáíná. My hand has a depression. Kégum. It goes down there (ie. There is a depressed hollow shape.) (S). ɛnkɔ́p nagúm depressed/sunken land. See: en-gúmótó ‘Hole’; a-gút ‘To be deep’.

en-gúmótisho Nom sg: en-gumótisho. n. Land depression: valley, ditch. See: a-gúm ‘To be sunken in shape’; em-púkúroto ‘Depression’; ɔ-yárátá ‘Valley’.

en-gúmótó Nom sg: en-gumotó. Acc pl: in-gumót. Nom pl: in-gumót. n. 1 • Hole, esp. in the ground. Néísudóri, nɛ́jɨŋ ɛnkɨtɨ́ gúmótó. It hid, it entered into a small hole.

See: a-gúm ‘To be sunken or depressed in shape’; e-údótó ‘Hole’.

2 • Well. See: ol-árɛ́ ‘Well’.

3 • Hollow.

4 • Grave; freshly-dug hole for a body. See: ɛn-kʉ́rárɛ ‘Grave’.

gurét [North] [North] Nom sg: gúret. [North] Acc pl: guréti. [North] Nom pl: gúretí. adj. [North] Fearful, cowardly. See: kurêt ‘Cowardly’.

l-gurét [North] n. [North] Coward. See: o-súují ‘Coward’.

n-gúrétīcō [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gurétīcō. n. [North] Cowardice.

a-guretú [North] v.incep. [North] To become fearful, cowardly. Kégurétu. He will become cowardly. (S). Kétúgúrɛta. He became cowardly. (S).

ɔl-gʉ́rmɛ́ Nom sg: ɔl-gʉrmɛ́. Acc pl: ɨl-gʉ́rmɛ̂n. Nom pl: ɨl-gʉrmɛ́n. n. Bumper grass that grows in groups. See: ɛn-kʉ́jɨ́tá ‘Grass’.

a-gʉrrʉmá [West]: a-rrʉgʉmá. [North]: a-rrʉgʉmá. [South]: a-rrʉgʉmá. v. 1 • To vomit. Ɛgɨ́ra ɛnkɛráí námuei agʉrrʉmá. The sick child is vomitting. (Pk). See: a-rrʉgʉmá ‘To vomit’; a-lɔ́p ‘To induce vomiting’; ɛn-gʉ́rrʉ́mata ‘Vomiting’.

2 • [North] To nauseate.

3 • [North] To bend over, stoop. Kátʉ́gʉ́rrʉ́mɛ. I stooped over. (S). Tʉgʉrrʉmaɨ́. Sit down! (S). This would be said by an elder to a youth.

ɛn-gʉ́rrʉ́mata Nom sg: ɛn-gʉrrʉ́mata. n. Vomiting. See: a-gʉrrʉmá ‘To vomit’.

a-gús [North] v. [North] To kiss. Káagús enkitók ây. My wife will kiss me. (S). Kégús lpáyian nkitók ɛnyɛ́. The man will kiss his wife. (S). Kágús nkɛráí áí. I will kiss my child. (S). See: a-ŋʉtʉ́t ‘To kiss’.

ol-gúsa Nom sg: ol-gúsâ. Acc pl: il-gúsai. Nom pl: il-gúsâî. n. Swollen part of the body containing or secreting pus or other fluid, due to infection, burn, inflamation, etc.; blister, boil. See: ɔl-dʉtʉtâî ‘Boil’.

n-gúsâ [North] n. [North] Omasum. See: n-kúsâ [North] ‘Omasum’.

gúsát [North] adj. [North] Emaciated, thin. lpayíán gúsát a thin man (S). Éígúsát kʉná kishu. These cows are thin. (S). Syn: sâs ‘Thin’; Ant: a-pír ‘To be fat’.

en-gúset Nom sg: en-gúset. Acc pl: in-gusetí. Nom pl: in-gúsetí. n. Uterus, womb (of human or animal). See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ‘Stomach’.

ol-gúsíl Nom sg: ol-gusíl. Acc pl: il-gusiló. Nom pl: il-gúsilo. n. Either of two masses of lymphatic tissue, one on each side of the oral pharynx; tonsils. Usage: Normally plural.

a-shʉ́m olgúsíl To look up (lit: to raise the tonsils).

n-gúso [North] n. [North] Kissing. See: a-gús [North] ‘To kiss’.

n-gúsóré [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gusoré. n. [North] Kissing.

n-gúsótó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gusotó. [North] Acc pl: n-gusót. n. [North] A kiss. See: a-gús ‘To kiss’.

a-gút v.s. 1 • To be deep. Egút. It will be deep. Egútu. It will be deep. (W). Kégūt ana sérē. This river is deep. (S). See: en-gutón ‘Depth’; a-gúm ‘To be depressed in shape’.

2 • [North] To eat a lot; be gluttonous (lit: to be deep; ie. have a big stomach that can contain a lot).

en-gutón Nom sg: en-gúton. n.sg. Depth (of water, understanding, appetite, etc.). See: a-gút ‘To be deep’.

l-guyíá [North] [North] Nom sg: l-gúyia. [North] Acc pl: l-guyîân. [North] Nom pl: l-gúyian. n. [North] Bush pig. Potamochoerus larvatus. Etymology: From Yaaku qoyɛ.