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Takehisa Yumeji (1884-1934)

Prints in Collection


Rantō (Dutch Lantern) from the series Yumeji's Masterpieces
Rantō (Dutch Lantern)
from the series Yumeji's Masterpieces, 1938-1939
(after a 1917 design)
IHL Cat. #1529


Itoguruma (Spinning Wheel) from the series Yumeji's Masterpieces
Itoguruma (Spinning Wheel)
from the series Yumeji's
Masterpieces, 1938-1939
(after a 1920 design)

IHL Cat. #1574

IHL Cat. #343 

 
Koka no Omoide (The Old Refrain) from the series Yumeji's Masterpieces
Koka no Omoide (The Old Refrain) from the series Yumeji's Masterpieces, 1938-1939
(after a 1924 design)

IHL Cat. #1530

Ashita (Tomorrow) from the series Yumeji's Masterpieces
Ashita (Tomorrow!)
from the series Yumeji's Masterpieces, 1938-1939
(after a 1925 design)

IHL Cat. #1587 
 
Ura no Akekure (Day In, Day Out, At a Bay) from the series Yumeji's Masterpieces
Ura no Akekure (Day In, Day Out, At a Bay) from the series Yumeji's Masterpieces, 1938-1939
 (after a 1926 design)

IHL Cat. #1575 and #1621


Hometown (Furusato) from the series A Collection of Poetry and Prints by Yumeji
Hometown of the Sea (Furusato no umi) from the series A Collection of Poetry and Prints by Yumeji, 1941
IHL Cat. #1788


 
Chinese Ship Shop
Chinese Ship Shop,
c. 1970s/1980s
(after a 1919 design)

IHL Cat. #749
 
Yanagi yu
Yanagi yu,
c. 1970s/1980s

(after a 1915 design)
IHL Cat. #2230


The Rising Moon
from the series
A Collection of Takehisa Yumeji's Pictures in Woodblock Print,
1978-1980
(after a 1913 design)

IHL Cat. #509

 
 
Evening Cool
from the series
A Collection of Takehisa Yumeji's Pictures in Woodblock Print,
1978-1980
(after an earlier design)

IHL Cat. #685


 
Waiting for Spring
from the series
A Collection of Takehisa Yumeji's Pictures in Woodblock Print,
1978-1980
(after an earlier design)

IHL Cat. #828

Frog
from the series
A Collection of Takehisa Yumeji's Pictures in Woodblock Print,
1978-1980
(after an earlier design)

IHL Cat. #829

Night Under the Midnight Sun
from the series
A Collection of Takehisa Yumeji's Pictures in Woodblock Print,
1978-1980
(after an earlier design)

IHL Cat. #827


Graphic Designs for Musical Scores


Biographical Data

undated photo

Profile

Takehisa Yumeji 竹久夢二  (1884-1934), was a leading figure in the Taisho Romanticism movement which combined Western romanticism with native Japanese styles during the Taisho Period (1912-1926).  He was a painter, writer, poet, bookbinder and illustrator whose drawings of women with thin bodies and large eyes filled with melancholy were known as Yumeji Bijin-ga.  During the height of his popularity he was called the “modern Utamaro” and the Japanese “Toulouse-Lautrec and Edvard Munch”.  His prints epitomized the relationship between popular art and the woodblock.1 

He is the printmaker "who best exemplifies the Taisho era."2


1 Modern JapaneseWoodblock Prints - The Early Years, Helen Merritt, University of Hawaii Press, 1998, p.23.
2 The Japanese Print: A Historical Guide, Hugo Munsterberg, Weatherhill, Inc., 1982, p. 160.


Biography

Sources:  British Museum website http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?bioId=143481; Modern Japanese Woodblock Prints - The Early Years, Helen Merritt, University of Hawaii Press, 1998,p. 23-31 and as footnoted.

Born Sept. 16, 1884 in the Okayama Prefecture village of Honjo to the son of a sake wholesaler, Yumeji had no formal art training.  It is said that while still a teenager he learned the art of line while working with a brush-maker. In 1901 at the age of seventeen his father sent him to Tokyo to study business at the private Waseda School where he developed a wide circle of friends that included Christians and leftists.  While a student, Yumeji began submitting illustrations to magazines and by 1905 he had left Waseda, finding that he could make a living selling his art. 

 

undated photo
After leaving Waseda he lived with socialists, sharing their sympathy for the working class and creating a number of political drawings. These drawings were published in the socialist paper Shukan chokugen (Weekly Plain Speaking) and he subsequently made drawings (under a pseudonym) for the socialist magazine Hikari and the socialist newspaper Heimin Shinbun.  When Heinmin Shinbunwas closed down by the government in 1907, Yumeji retreated from activepolitics “and turned to the expression of poetic feelings.”   He was,however, to remain deeply interested and effected by social issues theremainder of his life.

In January 1907 Yumeji married Kishi Tamaki, who ran a postcard shop inTokyo. Thereafter he did a lot of design for postcards and other ephemera.Their relationship was extremely turbulent from the start and soonended in divorce in May 1909, though they remained attracted to eachother and continued to work together.

 

1910 poster from first solo exhibition
In 1909 his first book of sketches and poems was published, Yumeji Picture Collection – Spring Volume (Yumeji gashu - Haru no maki). About these sketches hesaid “I am going to write a poem using pictures instead of words.”  The emotional images he created were rife with nostalgia of thefloating world found in traditional ukiyo-e prints.  In 1910 he had hisfirst solo exhibition.  (The poster from the exhibition is shown on theleft.) The large-eyed, thin, sad beauties he created, based on his wifeTamaki and on subsequent mistresses, became the standard romantic imagefor his generation and they were eagerly bought by both young men andwomen.

His style was heavily influenced by German 'Jugendstil' (as Jugendstil was itself influenced by ukiyo-e) and he studied the German magazines Jugend and Simplicissimus along with the works of the German Jugendstil artist Heinrich Vogeler (1872-1942).  Yumeji was also heavily influenced by the painter Fujishima Takeji (1867-1943)whose paintings captured the romantic spirit of the times.

In 1913 his celebrated book of poetry Dontaku (Holiday) was issued, with book design by Onchi Koshiro (1891-1955) who had become a friend. It included the poem Yoimachi-gusa (Evening Primrose) which was set to music in 1918 and became a big national success.

I wait even though I know she will not return.
My heart sinks in melancholy like the evening primrose.
It seems that the moon will not appear tonight
- Evening Primrose by Takehisa Yumeji

Between 1914 and 1916 Tamaki and Yumeji founded and ran the Minato-ya shop in Tokyo which sold moku hanga (woodblock prints) and other paper goods which he designed.  Yumeji created drawings specifically designed to be turned into prints.   The blocks may have been carved by Igami Bonkotsu or Okura Hanbei and were printed by Hirai Koichi. Minato-ya attracted a “sophisticated clientele and became something of a gathering place for Tokyo’s more progressive artists” and Onchi’s Tsukubae group held an exhibition there soon after the shop opened.1

In 1914 he met Kasai Hikono, who became his mistress, but who died early and tragically in 1920 at the age of twenty-four. In 1916 he became chief editor of illustrations for the Shin-shōjo (New Girls), a magazine by the publisher of the nation's oldest women's magazine, Fujin no tomo (Woman's Friend).2  (See the heading "The Shōjo Girl" below for a discussion of the shōjo
phenomenon.)  In 1917 he started creating covers for song sheets for the Senow Company.(See Yumeji's Song Sheet Designs below.) In 1919, after Hikono had gone into hospital, he met the third great female model in his life, Oyo, but this relationship ended in 1925. In the decade 1920-30 he constantly traveled to hot-spring resorts and continued to paint and to design. His most celebrated paintings included the series Nagasaki junikei (Twelve Views of Nagasaki, 1920) and Onna judai (Ten Female Subjects, 1921). These were watercolors, but he also worked in oils brush and ink and nihonga techniques.
                                                                                        
Despite the popularity of his work, Yumeji was ignored by the increasingly conservative government art exhibitions the Bunten and Teiten.  This was not surprising as he was an outsider, with a Bohemian lifestyle, shunning the artist associations that brought publicity to their members.  He was also an outsider to the literary establishment.

 
 
 
 Fireworks, woodblock print
for cover of the magazine
"The Ladies' Graphic" 1924
 Autumn tune, woodblock print
for cover of the magazine
"The Ladies' Graphic" 1924
 Wind of Snow, woodblock print
for cover of the magazine
 "The Ladies' Graphic" 1924

In 1931 Yumeji traveled to the United States and Europe, largely to escape the stifling effect of rising militarism in Japan.  In Berlin he delivered a lecture in which he called lines the “essence of art” because they express inner life.  Lines, he said, are not to depict objects but to transmit the artist’s spirit.  He returned to Japan in 1933, troubled by the rise of Nazism and the parallels he saw with Japan’s militarism.

Shortly after his return he checked into a sanitarium in Nagano.  He died there at the age of fifty. Yumeji Takehisa is buried in the Zoshigaya cemetery in Tokyo.

Yumeji's Grave in Zoshigaya Cemetary, Tokyo

Yumeji’s influence on both shin hanga and sosaku hanga were considerable, as well as on graphic design and literary illustration in general. Having passed out of popularity by 1940, his reputation began to make a dramatic come-back in the 1970s, going hand in hand with renewed interest in the Taisho era of which he is now considered the representative figure.
1 Images of a Changing World: Japanese Prints of the Twentieth Century, Donald Jenkins, Portland Art Museum, 1983, p. 55.
2
Website of Kodomo no kuni The International Library of Children's Literature / National Diet Library http://www.kodomo.go.jp/gallery/KODOMO_WEB/authors/takehisa_e.html
3 Being Modern in Japan: Culture and Society from the 1910s to the 1930s, Elise K. Tipton and John Clark, University of Hawaii Press, 2000, p. 204.


The Shōjo Girl

Source: "Yoshiya Nobuko, Out and Outspoken in Practice and Prose," Jennifer Robertson, appearing in The Human Tradition in Modern Japan, edited by Anne Walthall, Wilmington: Scholarly Resources Books, 2002, p. 157-158
In 1915, Yumeji collaborated with Yoshiya Nobuko (1896-1973), one of Japan's most successful woman novelists, illustrating a number of her stories. Nobuko serialized novels appearing in various women's magazines were immensely popular, as was Yumeji's work, with a new audience, the shōjo, or girl. (Literally, a “not-quite-female female.”)

A “really real” female was a married woman with children. The so-called shōjo perioddefined the emergent space between puberty and marriage that began togrow into a life-cycle phase, unregulated by convention, as more andmore young women found employment in the service sector of the newurban industrializing economy. Included in the shōjo category were the “new working woman” and her jaunty counterpart, the flapper-like “modern girl,” or moga (modan garu), who was cast in the popular media as the antitheses of the “good wife, wise mother.”

Yumeji's Song Sheet Designs

 
Cover for Yumeji's composition Evening Primrose (Yoimachigusa), 1918
Designed by Takehisa Yumeji

In 1910 the music publisher Senoo (Senow) Ongaku Shuppansha began issuing musical scores, the majority of them by Western composers.  Over 1000 scores for  classical and popular music, including children’s music, were issued, many under the titles “Senoo Gakufu” (セノオ楽譜) and “Senoo Shin-kouta.”   From 1916 until 1929, Yumeji designed over 280 covers  for Senoo’s published scores and contributed the lyrics for 24 songs of his own, the most famous of which is “Evening Primrose” (Yoimachigusa), published in 1918, and seen on the left.  The scores became very popular although few people could read or play the scores.  They were bought because of their cover art.

Siz Yumeji-designed score covers make up part of this collection, IHL Cat. #s 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 2253.



Yumeji’s Prints

While Igami Bonkotsu and Okura Hanbei both worked as block carvers for Yumeji, it is not clear, according to Merritt, who carved the prints of the Minato-ya period (1914-1916).  Hirai Koichi was Yumeji’s printer during this period and Hirai reported that Yumeji closely supervised his work.  Prints from this period carry the Minato-ya seal and are quite rare. With the closing of Minato-ya, the blocks were sold to Yanagi-ya, a bookstore in Osaka, which issued prints from them as well as from Yumeji’s paintings and illustrations.  Kato Junji (aka Kata Junzo) of Nihon Hanga Kenkyusho (Kato Print Institute) also published many prints of Yumeji’s works after his death and in 1963 issued a set of six or seven woodblock prints titled Legends of Snowy Nights as a collection of small works by Yumeji. (See IHL Cat. 344, 357, 358.) Posthumous prints were also published by Kyoto Hanga-in and in the 1980s by Matsunaga.  The printer Naotaro Nagao (1920-?) was reprinting Yumeji's work into his 80s.  He relates that Yumeji and his wife Tamaki visited his workshop when he was a apprentice and instructed him on how to create the colors Yumeji was after.1

Smith states that "technically excellent prints" were produced after his paintings and drawings both during and after his lifetime.  He goes on to say: "In themselves these prints represent a further conflict, for they are on the one hand reproductive and on the other genuine and successful attempts to convey the flavour of a most individual artist."2

Green Hill

While Yumeji is most famous for his depictions of young women, he created a number of landscapes for woodblock including the below print Paper Lanterns.



Paper Lanterns, c. 1914
25.4 x 32.0 cm
published by Minatoya
Image from Takehisa Yumeji Ikaho Kinenkan website
"Paper lanterns are visible in the middle ground of this deserted street scene.  The verticality of the telephone poles contrasts the horizontal lines of the wires and the street.  Such landscape views devoid of figures are rare in Yumeji's oeuvre.  The unusually realistic style of this print also points to the reciprocal influence between Yumeji and his followers, including Fujimori Shizuo (1891-1943)." - Takehisa Yumeiji, Nozomi Naoi, et. al., Brill, 2015, p. 31.


1 Rokkaan INCGallery website http://www.rokka-an.com/e-about%20nagao.html
2 The Japanese Print Since 1900: Old dreams and newvisions, Lawrence Smith, British Museum Publications Ltd., 1983, p. 20-21.


Museums Dedicated to Takehisa Yumeji

There are at least three museums in Japan dedicated to the works of Yumeji; one in the Ueno, Yanaka area of Tokyo, one in his home prefecture of Okayama and on in Kanazawa.

Takehisa Yumeji Museum, Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo

Source: Website of the Yayoi Museum & Takehisa Yumeji Museum http://www.yayoi-yumeji-museum.jp/

Looking Back on Takehisa Yumeji, an Illustrator and Poet Depicting Beauty, Love, and Grief in the Taisho Era

The Takehisa Yumeji Museum opened on November 3, 1990. The museum houses collections of Yumeji's works owned by lawyer and curator Takumi Kano, and is located in Hongo where Yumeji stayed in the Kikuhuji Hotel. Yumeji also enjoyed meeting his dear lover, Hikono Kasai, in Hongo. Hongo is surrounded by both tranquility and the greenery of trees, reminiscent of days of old. You can enjoy extensively the romance of the Taisho Era, including not only pictures of Yumeji's style of depicting beautiful women, which may remind you of the good old days, but also works reflecting attempts at modern design at our museum, which is the only museum exhibiting the works of Yumeji in Tokyo.

Exhibition Activities

We conduct a special exhibition every three months (January - March, April - June, July - September, October to December). For the special exhibitions, we plan to show various themes reflecting both the life and art of Yumeji. We explore deeply these themes as a museum which researches the works of Yumeji. We have 200-250 works of art drawn by Yumeji Takehisa on constant display.

Yumeji Art Museum, Okayama, Japan

Source: Website of the Yumeji Art Museum http://www.yumeji-art-museum.com/07_index-e.html

About Yumeji Takehisa
The Yumeji Art Museum is dedicated to Yumeji Takehisa (1884-1934), who became one of the most famous leading Japanese painters during the Taisho era. He also played an active role as a poet and illustrator.

Yumeji was born in Okayama, Japan. Yumeji’s art is believed to have been inspired by the beautiful nature of his hometown and the memories he treasured of his family and friends. During the Taisho era, the beautiful-eyed women of his paintings were popular as Yumeji Bijin-ga. His fantastic works were beloved by many people of all ages. In addition, Yumeji was called the “modern Utamaro” and became widely known as the Japanese ”Toulouse-Lautrec and Edvard Munch”. Even now, his artistry is evaluated highly not only in Japan, but also in many foreign countries.
 
The Yumeji Art Museum introduces the great artist Yumeji Takehisa who was born in Okayama.

Kanazawa Yuwaku Yumeji-kan Museum


This museum is public institution dedicated to the art of Takehisa Yumeji, and especially highlights the significance Yuwaku had to him. It was founded by the city of Kanazawa in 2000, and presents him according to the three key themes of Travel, Love, and Faith.

Takehisa Yumeji(竹久 夢二) 1884-1934 
Known broadly as an idol of popular culture in his lifetime, Takehisa Yumeji has now become a lasting symbol of Japan's good old days in the first half of the 20th century. Born in a small village of Okayama Prefecture, this self-educated painter, designer, poet and writer succeeded in embodying what is often called as "Taisho Romanticism."

Recent Exhibitions

"Takehisa Yumeji in the Memory" 

Commemoration of acquisition: The Kawanishi Hide Collection

The National Museum of Modern Art Kyoto

From 2011-11-11 to 2011-12-25
Source: "Takehisa Yumeji in the Memory: Commemorate of Acquisition of the Kawanishi Hide Collection," Tomoko Hori, The Japan Times
The Kawanishi Hide Collection of some 1,100 artworks was established by the Kobe-based printmaker Hide Kawanishi (1894-1965). One of its highlights is the work of Yumeji Takehisa (1884-1934), a popular Japanese painter with whom Kawanishi exchanged letters. Kawanishi treasured and kept Takeshisa's letters in scrapbooks, and his collection of artworks is said to have been based on the artists' friendship.

To commemorate the acquisition of this collection, which the National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, has been working on since 2006, this exhibition showcases around 600 works by Kawanishi and Takehisa. Although many exhibitions of Takehisa's work have been held in Japan, this show presents some rarely shown oil paintings and original drawings; till Dec. 25.
 
 

"Takehisa Yumeji and Taisho Roman" Exhibition - Takehisa Yumeji Museum

From 2010-01-03 to 2010-03-28
Source: Tokyo Artbeat website http://www.tokyoartbeat.com/event/2009/9272.en
 poster for "Takehisa Yumeji and Taisho Roman" Exhibition 

Despiteits short span of only 15 years, the Taisho Period (1912-1926) saw therise of cultural lifestyles amid the influx of Western culture and asweeping tide of modernization. Furthermore, a new female cultureburgeoned, providing women with a chance to acquire education and jobsas "new women".

Centering on art and romantic records of painter and symbol of theTaisho period, Takehisa Yumeji, this exhibition introduces women'slifestyles of the time from various perspectives.


"Yumeji Graphic" Exhibition - Takehisa Yumeji Museum

From 2009-04-03 To 2009-06-28
Source: Website of the Yayoi Museum & Takehisa Yumeji Museum http://www.yayoi-yumeji-museum.jp/
In November 1905, Yumeji Takehisa started his career as a painter at the age of 22 after submitting an illustration piece to the magazine "Chugaku Sekai (the Middle School World)". At a time when nihonga painters were dominating the field of book illustration, Takehisa's work dealing with everyday motifs left a strong impression on viewers, gaining much attention from the young generation.

From the mid-Meiji through Taisho period, when the publication of magazines expanded along with the development of printing technology, Takehisa flourished as the foremost book illustrator of the time, working for over 2200 volumes of 180 magazines. By the end of the Taisho period, when the issue of "art and the masses" came to the fore, he devoted himself to the creation of innovative graphic design in the field of "commercial art", widening his appeal as an artist.

This exhibition traces the career of this prolific artist, with focus on his magazine illustrations and graphic designs.

Celebrating the 125th anniversary of his birth, this exhibition reexamines Yumeji's oeuvre from various perspectives, while also introducing the "real" Yumeji through the presentation of his previously unexhibited work.

"The 125th Anniversary -Unknown Yumeji Takehisa" Exhibition - Takehisa Yumeji Museum

From 2009-07-03 To 2009-09-27
Source: Tokyo Artbeat website http://www.tokyoartbeat.com/event/2009/2990.en

This year marks the 125th anniversary of the birth of Yumeji  Takehisa(1884-1934). From the Meiji through to the Showa period, Yumeji rushedthrough 49 years of his life, making an imprint on the cultural realmas both painter and poet.

While Yumeji harnessed his talent as an artist, it's said that he wasalso busy with his romantic life, and that he traveled to many placesand lived a cosmopolitan life. Since his passing, Yumeji has beenintroduced in various ways through exhibitions and books. However,there are still many previously unexhibited works and unknown sides tothis singular figure, a source of unending fascination for his audience.




"Yumeji Bound Books -the Bound Book History of Modern Japan" Exhibition

From 2009-10-01 To 2009-12-23
Takehisa Yumeji Museum
Source: Tokyo Artbeat website http://www.tokyoartbeat.com/event/2009/AD96

This year marks the 125th anniversary of the birth of Yumeji Takehisa, as well as the 100th anniversary of the launch of "Yumeji Art Collection -Spring Edition" that he published for the first time at the age of 25. The book soon became a bestseller, bringing much fame to this emerging painter.

This exhibition showcases a total of 57 books that Yumeji wrote and numerous bound books that he produced. These books also shed light on his relationships with notable figures like print artist Koshiro Onchi, poet Yu Yoshii, writers Masao Kume and Mikihiko Nagata, and many others.

Also on view are beautifully bound books and original illustrations that represent the history of modern bookbinding in Japan.

"Yumeji Takehisa -the World of Performing Arts II"

From 2008-10-02 To 2008-12-23
Source: Tokyo Artbeat website http://www.tokyoartbeat.com/event/2008/0DAE.en

 
Takehisa's hometown of Honjo village, Oku county in Okayama prefecture was a shukubamachi (post station) where the performing arts had long flourished. Born into a family of art lovers and growing up in a village where performing artists like Echigo lion dancers and joruri puppeteers came and went incessantly, Takehisa nurtured his own interest in Japanese traditional arts. Some of his work reflects his extensive study of and fascination with this particular genre.

Takehisa experienced not only traditional Japanese arts such as joruri and kabuki, which he saw in his childhood, but also western plays performed at the Geijutsu-za, whose sponsor Hogetsu Shimamura was also his former teacher at Waseda. He also took inspiration for his work from the theatrical designs for children's plays written by Ujaku Akita. Takehisa also showed a strong interest in new forms of entertainment: cinema, as well as Ballets Russes (Russian Ballet) which created a worldwide sensation at the time.

This exhibition introduces the world of performing arts from the Taisho period through Takehisa's works, inspired by the theater, opera and film.

Recreation of Yumeji's Tokyo Studio

In 1924 Yumeji opened a studio, designed by him, in Matsubara in Tokyo'sSetagaya Ward. Called Shōnen Sansō, it is now restored andrelocated in Oku.

Shōnen Sansō 少年山荘

Literature

The best English language publication on the artist is the 2015 catalog titled "Takehisa Yumeji," published by Hotei Publishing.  The catalog accompanied the 2015 exhibition of the artist's works held at the Nihon no Hanga museum in Amsterdam.




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